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Optimizing the Substrate Preheating Process of High Velocity Oxygen Fuel Cobalt-Based Alloy Coating on Alloyed and Carbon Steels Mechanical Properties Myrna Ariati1,a, Wahyuaji Narottama Putra1 and Raditya Perdana Rachmansyah1 1Department of Metallurgical and Materials Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Universitas Indonesia, Kampus UI Depok, Depok 16424, amyrna@metal.ui.ac.id Keywords: Keyword: High Velocity Oxygen Fuel, Stellite-1, Surface heating.
Pre-heating also aims to reduce residual thermal stress that affects adhesion and cohesion properties of the coating layer.
Although pre-heating has been shown to improve the properties of adhesives, this has not yet been the most commonly used treatment for thermal spray applications [8].
The mechanical properties were characterized through wear resistance, hardness distribution, and porosities, microstructures were examined through scanning electron microscopes (SEM), whereas the composition was checked using energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS) and optical emission spectroscopy (OES).
This will affect the material wear rate.

Its mechanical properties under room temperature (25C) are shown in Table 1.
Mechanical properties of aluminum aloy 7075 Tensile strength σb Presumed residual elongation stress σ0.2 Elastic modulus Poisson ratio Density Elongation Ratio 572MPa 503 MPa 71Gpa 0.33 2.8×103 kg/m3 11% (3) Cutter: φ10 three-blade end mill, made out of the high-speed steel W18Cr4V; (4) Milling parameter: n as the spindle speed, as the axial milling depth, as the radial milling depth, f as the feed rate and d as the cutter diameter [5].
The feed rate is one of the main factors that affect the processing deformation.
Analysis results show that when side-milling this type of work pieces, the factors affect the cutting force and local elastic deformation errors are milling pathway, feed rate, radial depth of cut, axial depth of cut and spindle speed in sequence of significance.
Mechanical processing handbook[M].Bei Jing,1991.

The mechanism properties of Y element in ZK60 and its effect on microstructure were analyzed. as well as heat treatment process for ZK60 and ZK60 +1.0Y two influence of alloy microstructure and properties were investigated.
Wrought magnesium alloy cast products is relatively diverse and excellent mechanical properties and other characteristics of the product shape gradually received wide attention.
Affect Liujiang Wen.
Yttrium and rare earth elements on microstructure and properties of Mg-Al-Zn alloy.
Special Casting & Nonferrous Alloys .2003.5 [7] affect Miss Cheung, Luli Qi.

The static mechanical properties of spindle system and modal analysis are studied with different spring element arrangement forms.
Schmitz used finite element method to study the spindle system dynamic performance [6]; Rantatalo noted that softened the stiffness of the bearing as an important factor affecting the dynamics characteristic of spindle system [7]; Sun Wei compared the dynamics characteristic of spindle speed [8].
Table 2 Critical Rotary Speed n in Different Order (r/min) Order 1 Max Working speed 2 sets 78707 12000 3 sets 81456 12000 5 sets 85260 12000 Summary Spindle bearing uses a spring-damper unit simulation, finite element model on the construction of main shaft and bearing, under the analysis discusses the spring element arrangement static mechanical characteristics of spindle system, and modal analysis.
Integrated thermo mechanical dynamic model to characterize motorized machine tool spindles during very high speed rotation.
JOURNAL OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERING. 48(2012) 146-152

Among modern composite materials, particularly, discontinuous reinforced materials, such as aluminium matrix composites reinforced by SiC particles, have become practical engineering materials due to their superior performance like high mechanical properties, wear resistance, low coefficient of thermal expansion [1].
Though many factors affect the grinding process, the machining parameters such as wheel velocity (Vw), workpiece velocity (Vc), feed rate (f) and depth of cut (ap) are the important parameters.
The ANOVA analysis in Table 3 and percentage contributions for each term affecting grey relational grade (Figure 3), indicate that the all four process parameters i.e wheel velocity, workpiece velocity, feed rate and depth of cut are the important parameters affecting the multiple performance characteristics.
The effects of more significant factors i.e.
Ye, The effect of machining on the surface properties of SiC/Al composites, J.

Polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) is one of the popular membrane materials due to its outstanding properties including thermal stability, chemical resistance and excellent mechanical strength and has been widely used for MD [2].
Usually, the functional groups give the chemical reaction properties of the compound.
This suggests that excessive formic acid treatment could damage the mechanical property of the PVDF membrane.
It is known that the reaction on a regular basis occurs at the surface of the membrane and the surface area is one of the major factors to determine the membrane distillation efficiency [9].
Wang, Interplay of the factors affecting water flux and salt rejection in membrane distillation, Water, 12 (2020) 2841-2875

However, manufacturing of prepregs is associated with a number of harmful factors, negatively affecting the participants in the technological process and the environment.
However, manufacturing of prepregs is associated with a number of harmful factors, negatively affecting the participants in the technological process and the environment.
In addition, conditions of the technological processes are ambiguously harmonized with the harmful and hazardous factors arising during their implementation, which determine the level of safe production activity [12, 13].
DSMIE 2020, Lecture Notes in Mechanical Engineering. (2020) 191–200
Podhornaya, Study of influence of structurizing regims on the properties of structural glass-fiber plastics, Functional materials. 25, 4 (2018) 818–822

Introduction Temperature and humidity changes of concrete structure is one of the important factors leading to concrete structure cracks, temperature deformation and humidity deformation of concrete usually occur at the same time, and temperature field and humidity field in the concrete also interact [1,2].
A large number of studies have also shown that: concrete humidity changes don't exist independently, and to a large extent are influenced by factors such as temperature and stress.
Granger and others used the micro mechanical model to describe the dry shrinkage deformation of concrete, took drying shrinkage curve of test as the main basis of dry shrinkage deformation calculation, and combined with the selected micro mechanical model , it has revealed the concrete shrinkage deformation calculation method better.
This heterogeneity of concrete is one of the important factors affecting its mechanical performance , so it should not be ignored, however, currently most studies of the coupled temperature and moisture transfer are based on the homogeneity assumption of concrete to do the the research of temperature field and stress field, and some damage mechanics models which are set up based on the macroscopic level of concrete , are unable to understand the response of mesoscopic structure to external load and temperature and humidity coupling effect, thus are inevitably unable to study the differences between the two kinds of structural mechanics  which are same on a macro-scale, but different in mesoscopic structure.
The current simulation and analysis of concrete are only applied to solve the temperature field , humidity field and stress field , not considering the influence of temperature and humidity on the concrete material properties (elastic modulus, strength, thermal parameters, etc.), and cannot analyze the failure process of concrete under the temperature and humidity coupling effect, and for site construction, it is crucial to forecast the position of the cracks and the development trend of the cracks.

However, due to the existence of some unfavourable factors, such as active chemical properties, easy oxidation and evaporation, no fixed shape and opacification of liquid metal at high temperature, it is very difficult to observe the melt stirring and changing process.
Numerical simulation of aluminium foam material mainly aimed at itself properties [1~3], such as the heat transfer performance and mechanical performance, without involving the stirring process.
The glycerol or polyethylene glycol (PEG2000) was added into the deionized water to change its properties such as viscosity or surface tension.
It is difficult to describe the solution properties and stirring effect quantitatively, so the video information is required to be processed further.
Since the factors d, g are constant, while the variation in difference value of is relatively small, the settling velocity is mainly affected by viscosity .

Appropriate reasonable cutting parameters is one of the important factors to improve the product quality and the efficiency.Based on dynamic simulation optimization function of cutting parameter database through the definitions on the acquisition data standardization, the coefficient of cutting force using Dynacut dynamic test and identification experiment, and through the simulation and optimization and final of Opticut Simucut actual cutting parameters of process validation entry in the database.
Introduction CNC cutting parameter selection of the appropriate or not will affect the product quality, productivity, processing cost, etc.In order to provide more optimal cutting parameters and abroad have done a lot of research with Germany, the United States, Sweden, the UK, Japan and other 12 countries set up more than 30 metal cutting database;China chengdu tool research institute, NanHang university, Beijing institute of technology, BeiHang university, established some universal and special metal cutting database system [1].According to the research status at home and abroad, most of the cutting database is the combination of entity, specific consideration of dynamic factors which influence the stability of machining cutting database is very few.
The Tool Information.Cutting tool is used for cutting tools in mechanical manufacturing, information source tools manufacturer's manual and the enterprise homemade manuals, etc., attributes include: tool category name, cutting tool structure and vendors, cutter, blade model, geometry parameters (diameter, number of teeth and helix Angle, the tip diameter, rake Angle, Angle, etc.), cutting tool material, clamping, etc.
The Workpiece Material Information.Metal parts is the main object of numerical control processing, such as all kinds of steel, aluminum alloy used in military enterprise accounts for a high proportion, high strength steel, titanium alloy, magnesium alloy, high temperature alloy also have a certain proportion, and the physical properties of the workpiece material will be focused on in the process of machining.In the dynamic simulation optimization of workpiece material identification of milling force coefficient correctly or not directly influences the accuracy of the simulation results.Cutting force coefficient considering the properties of cutting tool and workpiece material, cutting tool geometry, card loading condition such as main factors.Comprehensive consideration of the complexity of the model and the calculation precision, the average cutting force coefficient model [3].Experiments show that for the precision of the conventional material average coefficient of cutting force model
China Mechanical Engineering（2005）,pp.1146-1150