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The reduction in BER value is due to the coding system used in our simulation.
Even though the encoded data consists of 10 bits for 8B/10B code and systematic code, 8B/10B code is a dc balanced code and bandwidth occupancy is less compared to Viterbi code.
It can be concluded as comparing with systematic code and Viterbi code, 8B/10B code is a well considered choice which provides significant reduction in the BER.
The simulation results show that 8B/10B code can provide error rate reductions of several orders of magnitude in comparison to systematic code and Viterbi code.
[6] Raj Jain, “Error characteristics of Fiber Distributed Data Interface (FDDI)”, IEEE Transactions on Communications, Vol. 38, No. 8, pp. 1244-1252, 1990.

Introduction EDM with rotating electrode will generate the centrifugal force that leads to better surface finish, reduction in arching and also better MRR [1].
With the assumption that the quality of Diamond used is similar, Residual stress data extracted from Erasmus et al. [7] was compared.
This made it difficult to observe the residual stress distribution trend on the numerical data obtained.
This stress relaxation may happen due to several factors including surface crack generation and reduction of coefficient of thermal expansion mismatch between elements in PCD.
In the other words, PCD is facing reduction in graphite at the position closer to the machined edge.

Extra properties, such as stabilisation of the coefficient of friction, and above all significant reduction in wear of material coupled with composite in the friction pair, are demonstrated by hybrid systems.
It was found that reduction in corrosion resistance may be affected by the following, but not limited to: 1. porosity, dislocation density, as well as stresses at the reinforcing phase/matrix interface [8,9]; 2. chemical and phase composition of both matrix alloy and interface surface; 3. susceptibility to the formation of galvanic pairs between active aluminium alloy and more noble reinforcement material [10,11], 4. existence of intermetallic phase precipitations in composite structure, which is, as demonstrated, favourable for the formation of well conducting “cathode spots” on the passive layer [12].
The impedance spectra of the system were determined and the obtained measurement data were adjusted to the equivalent system.
The 7% content of silicon carbide (SiC) particles in aluminium alloy resulted in reduction in average value of corrosion potential to Ecorr = -626 mV.
The impedance of the electrode/surface layer/solution phase interface was characterized by approximation of the experimental data using the electric model of the equivalent circuit in Figure 8.

From Fig.3 and Fig.2, we knew variation of running speed caused reduction of coiling temperature.
But excessive reduction of coiling temperature was not caused by variation of running speed as adjustment of valves.
As the location was quite close to tail part, reduction of running speed of strip was one of the reasons of low coiling temperature at tail of ZSAC1 strip
Finish rolling temperature, the initial data for coiling temperature calculation, has a direct effect on pre-calculation and ultimate control of coiling temperature.
(2) Finish rolling temperature, the initial data for coiling temperature calculation, has a direct effect on pre-calculation and ultimate control of coiling temperature.

Through this process it comes to the reduction of protection of the foundation joint against the manifestations of frost.
This paper focuses on a technical measure for the reduction of frost depth of cohesive soils.
With regard to the possibility of generalizing the obtained data, a one-dimensional case of heat flux was examined in detail.
Like for example such data available for the Czech Republic, which is in our scope [6].
The experiment proved the effect of water content on the reduction of frost-depth of soil.

Being compared to traditional filament-burning incandescent light bulbs (Fig. 1.a), the newer technology is aimed to contribute to energy saving and carbon emissions reduction.
Laboratory set-up for generator loadings experiment Results of Experiments Data of the machine used in the experiments are different from those in [3] in terms of stator core-length (85 mm), the main-winding and auxiliary-winding turns number (504 turns), and their related impedances values.
As can be seen in Fig. 6.a., starting from no-load until the third step of loading change (data point 1 to 4), it is only the torque which has been increased while the rotation speed is constant.
This condition is possible due to the fulfilment or reduction of reactive power need automatically by the load itself.
Comparison of the experiment results (solid line) to theory results (dashed line) of the generator frequency as a function of rotation speed Conclusions Some conclusions of the loading experiments using energy saving lamps on a low-power low-speed single-phase self-excited induction generator obtained from capacitor motor modification are as follows: 1) Energy saving lamps of capacitive nature make the generator not lose its output voltage easily during the load changing due to the fulfillment or reduction of reactive power needed automatically by the load itself. 2) The resulted generator voltage waveform could contain certain distortion from its sinusoidal form, depending on the load level. 3) Maintaining constant the generator output voltage can be done relatively more easily in capacitive nature loading than in resistive nature loading, as it requires only the adjustment of prime mover without having to increase the capacitor excitation value.

Phase constitution of manufactured sinters was examined by X-ray diffraction method (XRD, JEOL JDX-7S diffractometer, JCPDS-International Centre for Diffraction Data 2000).
Combination of the new peak appearance (exothermic effect) and the endothermic peak broadening/reduction/shift seems to be the result of Al-Ti exothermic reaction.
Comparison of DSC profiles obtained at cooling shows some differences of a strong exothermic peak (broadening, intensity reduction and shift).
In the light of thermodynamic data (Gibbs free energy value varying from -12 kJ/mol to -30 kJ/mol at the temperature range of 300- 650oC [7]) the presence of Mg17Al12 compound is reasonable however not confirmed by authors of work [3].
Quantitative characteristics of Ti particles by image analysis (Tab.1) show a reduction of their mean area, perimeter, diameter and shape coefficient being a result of titanium reaction in Mg-Ti-Al system.

The presence of these phases on grain boundaries, triple junction and matrix/whiskers interface causes some beneficial effects to mechanical properties at room temperatures, as a consequence of the acicular grain growth and the reduction of the inherent flaw size.
Other important aspect is related to whiskers interference on matrix grains and volumetric retraction of composite, causing reduction of β-grains growth.
Such reduction would promote decrease on fracture toughness, considering that toughening mechanisms requires high aspect ratio, serving as crack propagation obstacle.
Table 2 - Room temperature microhardness and fracture toughness data for SiC(w)/Si3N4 composites* .
Compositions Microhardness [GPa] K1c [MPa.m 1/2 ] A 15.6 ± 0.2 5.1 ± 0.3 B 16.9 ± 0.3 5.6 ± 0.3 C 15.0 ± 0.2 7.2 ± 0.1 D 16.5± 0.7 8.2 ± 0.1 E 13.5 ± 0.2 9.5 ± 0.2 F 15.4 ± 0.2 10.5 ± 0.2 * The reported toughness and hardness data were obtained perpendicularly to hot pressing direction.

Spraycasting is potentially cheaper and more scaleable than mechanical alloying, and also provides refined microstructures, extended solid solubility and a reduction in the concentration of embrittling impurity elements such as H, Na and K.
When Sc was also added in alloy 23 to form a relatively high volume fraction of Al3(Zr,Sc) dispersoids, there was a reduction in the fraction of recrystallised grains and a reduction in both average and recrystallised grain size.
Investigations of the strain rate sensitivity exponent m,0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 0 50 100 150 200 Time (h) Average Grain Diameter (µm) Alloy 13 0.28Zr Alloy 21 0.38Zr Alloy 23 0.28Zr+0.13Sc Fig. 4: Grain growth data for alloys 13, 21, and 23 heated to 500±C for times up to 7 days.
y = 0.43x + 2.35 y = 0.46x + 2.01 0.5 0.7 0.9 1.1 1.3 1.5 1.7 1.9 -3 -2.5 -2 -1.5 -1 Log true strain rate (s -1 ) Log true stress (MPa) 400°C 500°C Fig. 5: Strain rate sensitivity data for alloy 24 forged at 250±C at ˙ε = 1x10−3s−1.

The data management includes two paths, one conducts the alternation with the special data management module through ADO mechanism; another one visits the external file through I/O mode and conducts the reading and storing.
Then, in 3DMAX it creates a 3D model, again, applying 3DGSLib control block of the system and through analyzing 3D file format to read the model data, and the data are integrated.
Finally, by a series of rotation, translation and reduction and magnification operations, it is set up into the system model.
Due to the complexity and variety of its 3D space, the geological body (here it refers mainly the formation and ground surface), it is difficult to design a kind of the data model or the data structure for describing the complicated 3D space phenomena.
During acquiring the data, at first, to conduct the analysis on the GRID DEM data formed by the interpolation, if the accuracy is too low, the original data are refining by different interpolation algorithms; if the accuracy is too high, considering reducing the procedure running load, the data are sparse-extracting.