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Data Collection Methods.
A predefined coding scheme was used to convert qualitative data into quantitative data and ensure the researcher’s perspective did not influence the results.
Additionally, effectively managing and securing data within the digital twin environment is crucial, requiring robust data management strategies [7].
The company faces challenges with manual data handling and the variability of WMS which complicate employee training and data integration.
This addresses ABC Logistics' challenge of manual data handling by automating data collection and integration.

The exponential decay rate formulas for the two flavors were obtained from experimental data and the solution of the theoretical model.
The simulated emission processes of the two flavor components were compared with experimental data as shown in Fig. 3 and Fig. 4 (R2=0.983 and 0.958 respectively).
Simulation results fitted well with the experimental data in the stable emission period after the first 4 minutes.
Fig.3 Comparison between the simulated results and experimental data of limonene Fig.4 Comparison between the simulated results and experimental data of menthone The emission rate can be obtained from the solution of the eq.4.
The partition coefficients and emission rates of the two components were solved with the combination of the theoretical model and the experimental data.

Damage was defined as a reduction in stiffness and introduced by replacing the columns with elements having 6 6× mm cross section.
In the study, damage of the model structure was defined as a reduction in stiffness and introduced by replacing the original columns with elements having smaller cross section.
System PULSE was applied for the measuring and data acquisition purposes (see Fig. 1b).

Features of grain boundary character distributions in a austenitic stainless steel after cold rolling with low strain followed by single and two-step annealing Fang Xiaoying, Guo Hong, Wang Weiguo School of Mechanical Engineering, Shandong University of Technology, Zibo 255049, P R China Keywords: grain boundary engineering; S3n boundaries; austenitic stainless steel; EBSD Abstract: The grain boundary character distributions (GBCDs) of two 304-type austenitic stainless steel samples, which are cold rolled with the same thickness reduction of 6% and then subjected to different annealing treatments are examined by Electron back-scatter diffraction (EBSD) techniques.
Two samples, which had previously been solid solution treated at 1323K for 0.5h and cold rolled with the thickness reduction of 6%, are subjected to single and two-step annealing treatment, respectively.
The data are plotted in stereographic projection along [001].

Fused quartz ceramic materials were fabricated in reduction atmosphere at various temperatures for 1h.
It is reported that reduction atmosphere and conventional oxides and non-oxides and nano-oxides, rare earth oxides has better effect on inhibiting crystallization and promoting sintering of fused quartz ceramic [5-7].
For thermal expansion ratio, specimen heated to 1200˚C at 10˚C /min is cooled in furnace to room temperature, and the experimental data are collected, recorded and analyzed by the device.

This paper chooses ZigBee technology to realize the data communication among the wireless sensor network.
Once a detecting node send data to the gathering nodes or receive command from the gathering nodes, an optimal path should be established between these two nodes in order to reduce the energy consumption during the data transmission.
The routing protocol of ZigBee technology is responsible for transmitting data from the source node to the destination node, and mainly includes two main functions, one is to find the optimal route between the source node and the destination node, the other is to transmit data along the optimal route correctly.
The routing node only need to realize the data emitting and receiving wirelessly, no analogue hardware collection and transform circuit are needed relatively to detecting node, and the power supply is based on battery power. 2.2 The hardware design of gathering node The gathering node receive data from all nodes in the WSN, use wavelet transform and support vector machine to recognize the type of power quality disturbance, store data of each detecting node, realize the agreement conversion between WSN and GPRS, realize the remote monitoring on each detecting node’s power quality.
The main components of Tiny OS include network protocol, distributed server, sensor driver stage data recognization, support the data sending, receiving and collection of wireless sensor node. 2.4 System software process In the system software design, the important one is the wireless sensor network communication mechanism between nodes in the network, how to design the reasonable receiving and transmitting data mechanism between nodes is the key problems must be solved during the whole design scheme.The software function mainly includes data acquisition and processing, the implementation of routing algorithm and the wireless transmission.

Band gap energy of each film was calculated from the transmittance data.
This may due to the reduction of band gap energy in the presence of ZnO in TiO2/SiO2 films to 2.41 eV and the roughness of the film.
The data of absorbance and transmission of thin films from UV-Vis spectrophotometer are related to band gap energy of the films [10].
The band gap energy of the film was estimated from absorption and transmission data.
The reduction of band gap energy induces the superhydrophilicity with the excitation of low energy source (sunlight).

As a result of the presence of noise in the measured vibration signal has a great influence on the results of calculation of fractal dimension, Therefore the empirical mode decomposition method for noise reduction of gear vibration signal is used, calculation fractal dimension, extraction fault feature of Gear in different conditions.
The decomposition step of signal as follows: 1) Determine the local extreme point of all the signal, then use the three spline curve method to connect all local maxima and form upper envelope; 2) then use the three spline curve method to connect all local maxima and form lower envelope, the upper envelope and lower envelope should envelope all data points; 3)the upper envelope and lower envelope is signed m1(t), The original signal x(t) minus m1(t) is the first component h1(t): (1) 4)If h1(t) don’t fulfill these necessities, Then take h1(t) as the original data, Repeat steps 1)~3), Get the average m11(t), Judge whether the component h11(t)=h1(t)－m11(t) meet the conditions of IMF.
If it doesn’t fulfill, then cycle K times. 5)Let separated from (2) Take as the original data, repeat steps 1)~4),get the second component to satisfy the IMF condition, repeat n times, obtained some satisfying IMF condition component of the signal.

Since our primary objective is to study improvement in consonantal identification due to reduction in the effect of masking, so VCV syllables are used.
Unfortunately, if we actually perform this operation on a real digital signal, we wind up with twice as much data as we started with.
Suppose, for instance, the original signal consists of 1000 samples of data.
Increased forward and backward temporal masking of weak acoustic segments by strong ones causes reduction in discrimination of voice-onset-time, formant transition, and burst duration that are required for consonant identification.
For hearing impaired subjects, the improvement in consonantal reception and reduction in response time do not follow the same trend.

Influencing Factors and Control Measures of Saturation Line According to data analysis, the rise of saturation line is a main cause of the dam body stability to decline and even to lose [4, 5].
On the premise of certain tailings dam height and dry beach length, the actual seepage path becomes gradually longer with the reduction of downstream average slope, so the saturation line becomes slower.
But the reduction of downstream slope will lead to the reduction of storage capacity.
Tailings Dam Performance from USCOLD Incident-Survey Data[J].