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Online since: October 2014
Authors: Florentin Smarandache, Gavrilă Calefariu, Monika Moga, Flavius Aurelian Sarbu, Laura Bogdan
Simulation has important uses in: computer aided design, virtual reality systems, for computer game industry, training of professionals (pilots, surgeons) or military applications [3].
Cost of utilities CU =CE+CTF+CIW [unit/project],(4) CE is the expenditure with electricity; CTF is the expenditure with technological fuel; CIW is the expenditure with industrial water used in the manufacture, testing and improvement of the experimental model.
Fuel costs for heating and for preparing domestic hot water CGM2/year=(NGMH+ NGMW) · pUG T [unit/project], (7) NGMH [m3] is the volume of gas used for heating purposes; NGMW [m3] is the volume of gas consumed for hot water; pUG [unit/m3] is the unit price of natural gas.
Cost of utilities CU =CE+CTF+CIW [unit/project],(4) CE is the expenditure with electricity; CTF is the expenditure with technological fuel; CIW is the expenditure with industrial water used in the manufacture, testing and improvement of the experimental model.
Fuel costs for heating and for preparing domestic hot water CGM2/year=(NGMH+ NGMW) · pUG T [unit/project], (7) NGMH [m3] is the volume of gas used for heating purposes; NGMW [m3] is the volume of gas consumed for hot water; pUG [unit/m3] is the unit price of natural gas.
Online since: July 2014
Authors: Ai Jun Wang
Table1 The quality requirement table
One level requirement
Secondary level requirement
Good structure
Door model design is reasonable
Good ventilation and lighting conditions
good quality
Wall and roof don't ooze water, no cracks
Green good
Good neighborhood conditions
There are supermarkets, schools around
Surrounding conditions good
The transportation is convenient unimpeded
2.2 The development of technical requirements (quality characteristic)
By analyzing the buyers’ three level requirements in table 1, corresponding to extract a number of technical requirements, and converting them into technical requirements, it is shown in table 2.
Table2 The technical requirement table structure condition construction requirements Residential conditions The surrounding conditions Family structure proportion Family structure proportion building materials construction technique greening rate Construction of public facilities infrastructure construction 2.3 two-dimensional matrix tables of the quality requirements and technical requirements Quality requirements and technical requirements are grouped into a two-dimensional matrix table, strong correlation meter five points; correlation meter 3 points; weak correlation meter 1 meter; Blank show uncorrelated, meter 0 meter, to refer to the opinions of the other professionals, and to construct two-dimensional, it is shown in table 3.
Table3 The matrix for the relations between quality requirement and technical requirement technical demand quality demand Family structure proportion Floor towards building materials construction technique greening rate Public facilities built infrastructure construction Door model design is reasonable 5 0 0 0 0 0 0 Good ventilation and lighting conditions 3 5 0 0 0 0 0 Wall and roof don't ooze water, no cracks 0 1 3 5 0 0 0 Green good 0 0 0 0 5 0 0 There are supermarkets, schools around 0 0 0 0 0 5 3 The transportation is convenient unimpeded 0 0 0 0 0 1 3 Table4 The judgment on the importance of the buyers’ demands and the quality planning table technical demand quality demand Heavy to degree Plan A Plan B Plan C Plan quality Levels to rise Product feature point Absolute Weight relative weight or model design is reasonable 4 4 4 3 4 1 1 4.00 9.47 Good ventilation and lighting conditions 4 4 4 4 4 1 1 4.00 9.47 Wall and roof don't ooze water, no cracks 5 4 4 3 5 1.25
Table2 The technical requirement table structure condition construction requirements Residential conditions The surrounding conditions Family structure proportion Family structure proportion building materials construction technique greening rate Construction of public facilities infrastructure construction 2.3 two-dimensional matrix tables of the quality requirements and technical requirements Quality requirements and technical requirements are grouped into a two-dimensional matrix table, strong correlation meter five points; correlation meter 3 points; weak correlation meter 1 meter; Blank show uncorrelated, meter 0 meter, to refer to the opinions of the other professionals, and to construct two-dimensional, it is shown in table 3.
Table3 The matrix for the relations between quality requirement and technical requirement technical demand quality demand Family structure proportion Floor towards building materials construction technique greening rate Public facilities built infrastructure construction Door model design is reasonable 5 0 0 0 0 0 0 Good ventilation and lighting conditions 3 5 0 0 0 0 0 Wall and roof don't ooze water, no cracks 0 1 3 5 0 0 0 Green good 0 0 0 0 5 0 0 There are supermarkets, schools around 0 0 0 0 0 5 3 The transportation is convenient unimpeded 0 0 0 0 0 1 3 Table4 The judgment on the importance of the buyers’ demands and the quality planning table technical demand quality demand Heavy to degree Plan A Plan B Plan C Plan quality Levels to rise Product feature point Absolute Weight relative weight or model design is reasonable 4 4 4 3 4 1 1 4.00 9.47 Good ventilation and lighting conditions 4 4 4 4 4 1 1 4.00 9.47 Wall and roof don't ooze water, no cracks 5 4 4 3 5 1.25
Online since: January 2012
Authors: Zan Zhou, Jun Li Chang, Min Xie, Xiao Mei Liao
During the experiment, the control group was trained in the Morris water maze with the visual signals while all the visual reference objects of Morris water maze were removed when the test group was trained.
In addition, other factors such as age, sex, water temperature, mood, environment, and smell may also affect test scores of animals in Morris water maze [3-8].
For these reasons the reference system should keep consistent during the experiments, including the constant water temperature, fixed markers around the water maze and so on.
The water maze system consisted of a metal circular pool (diameter 100 cm, height 60 cm), in which a circular platform (diameter 5 cm, height 15 cm) was hidden one to two centimeter below the surface of the water (20 to 22℃) The conditions of the water maze was kept constant during the experiment.
The data analysis was carried out with the statistical software Sigma Plot 9.0 Professional.
In addition, other factors such as age, sex, water temperature, mood, environment, and smell may also affect test scores of animals in Morris water maze [3-8].
For these reasons the reference system should keep consistent during the experiments, including the constant water temperature, fixed markers around the water maze and so on.
The water maze system consisted of a metal circular pool (diameter 100 cm, height 60 cm), in which a circular platform (diameter 5 cm, height 15 cm) was hidden one to two centimeter below the surface of the water (20 to 22℃) The conditions of the water maze was kept constant during the experiment.
The data analysis was carried out with the statistical software Sigma Plot 9.0 Professional.
Online since: June 2014
Authors: Yun Shi, Jian Hua Feng, Ai Jun Yuan, Li Li Pang, Guang Hua Wei
Finally puts forward interface standards which could be applied to the underground water monitoring system.
For the purpose of accessing and controlling of the dynamic information of the underground water widely and immediately, all kinds of underlying device (including sensor) in the underground water monitoring system [1]are networked to acquire multiple parameters.
Although this standard is not confirmed by any professional societies, standardization organizations or government departments, this standard is supported by many manufactures and users in US (from the present situation.
Foreign underground water monitoring [J].
Underground Water, 1991, 1:54-56 [15] Zhao Gen.
For the purpose of accessing and controlling of the dynamic information of the underground water widely and immediately, all kinds of underlying device (including sensor) in the underground water monitoring system [1]are networked to acquire multiple parameters.
Although this standard is not confirmed by any professional societies, standardization organizations or government departments, this standard is supported by many manufactures and users in US (from the present situation.
Foreign underground water monitoring [J].
Underground Water, 1991, 1:54-56 [15] Zhao Gen.
Online since: July 2013
Authors: K.V.R. Murthy
Professionals used them at every walk of life.
Professionals have worked in this direction, investigated and standardized many analytical methods to estimate the doses of radiations.
In the past, professionals had used the film badge technique in real practice.
The effective ‘hardening’ of the beam with increasing depth in the water or solid phantom.
Measuring the depth dose distribution along the central axis of the beam in a water or water-equivalent phantom, and b.
Professionals have worked in this direction, investigated and standardized many analytical methods to estimate the doses of radiations.
In the past, professionals had used the film badge technique in real practice.
The effective ‘hardening’ of the beam with increasing depth in the water or solid phantom.
Measuring the depth dose distribution along the central axis of the beam in a water or water-equivalent phantom, and b.
Online since: September 2013
Authors: Zhi Jun Zhang, Hai Xie
The Construction Management Association of America (CMAA) (a US construction management certification and advocacy body) says the 120 most common responsibilities of a Construction Manager fall into the following 7 categories: Project Management Planning, Cost Management, Time Management, Quality Management, Contract Administration, Safety Management, and CM Professional Practice.
CM professional practice includes specific activities, such as defining the responsibilities and management structure of the project management team, organizing and leading by implementing project controls, defining roles and responsibilities, developing communication protocols, and identifying elements of project design and construction likely to give rise to disputes and claims [1].
Some examples are sanitary sewers, waste management, and clean water [2].
Runoff can occur during storms which can possibly transfer harmful pollutants through the soil to rivers, lakes, wetlands, and coastal waters.
The contractor must make accommodations so that erosion and water flow are not affected by construction.
CM professional practice includes specific activities, such as defining the responsibilities and management structure of the project management team, organizing and leading by implementing project controls, defining roles and responsibilities, developing communication protocols, and identifying elements of project design and construction likely to give rise to disputes and claims [1].
Some examples are sanitary sewers, waste management, and clean water [2].
Runoff can occur during storms which can possibly transfer harmful pollutants through the soil to rivers, lakes, wetlands, and coastal waters.
The contractor must make accommodations so that erosion and water flow are not affected by construction.
Online since: May 2011
Authors: Jian Ling Hou, Bo Quan Liu, Hua Huang, Ming Liu
When disaster struck, relative professionals of Chang,an University were organized to investigate and survey the damaged buildings in Shangluo city.
The Fig.1b shows that the rocks crashed through the window guard bars and entered into the classroom of the first floor, with the biggest stone 3m3 and the highest water level 2.2m.
Because the low content of debris, the bases of the two buildings were first destroyed under the scour of muddy water, and then bring disaster to the foundation, finally the structure collapsed.
The clay-built walls were damaged under the soak of the muddy water and the impact of the debris, and the roof fallen down, while the surrounding brickwork buildings were almost not damaged except that about 1 meter of the first floor was buried in the debris.
The Fig.1b shows that the rocks crashed through the window guard bars and entered into the classroom of the first floor, with the biggest stone 3m3 and the highest water level 2.2m.
Because the low content of debris, the bases of the two buildings were first destroyed under the scour of muddy water, and then bring disaster to the foundation, finally the structure collapsed.
The clay-built walls were damaged under the soak of the muddy water and the impact of the debris, and the roof fallen down, while the surrounding brickwork buildings were almost not damaged except that about 1 meter of the first floor was buried in the debris.
Online since: September 2013
Authors: Bao Ping Jin, Guo Jun Han, Xia Lei
To reduce the high consumption and abate the pollution, therefore, it is necessary for the professionals of heating and ventilation air-conditioners to lay stress on the energy conservation design of air-conditioning system and right selection of equipment, and to call on and guide the customers for correct use of energy conservation and emission reduction of household appliances.
The common refrigeration equipment is divided into air-cooled water chilling unit and water-cooled water chilling unit.
The most of large-scale air-conditioning systems use centrifugal water-cooled water chilling units for high energy efficiency, while the most of medium- and small-scale air-conditioning systems often use compressed and screw type water-cooled or air-cooled water chilling units for high energy efficiency.
Energy Consumption and Correct use of the Chilled Water Pump and the Cooling Water Pump Since the large- and medium-scale air-conditioning systems generally use water-cooled condensing, there is a chilled water circulation and a cooling water circulation.
The chilled water pump and cooling water pump, which provide circulated power, are also energy hogs.
The common refrigeration equipment is divided into air-cooled water chilling unit and water-cooled water chilling unit.
The most of large-scale air-conditioning systems use centrifugal water-cooled water chilling units for high energy efficiency, while the most of medium- and small-scale air-conditioning systems often use compressed and screw type water-cooled or air-cooled water chilling units for high energy efficiency.
Energy Consumption and Correct use of the Chilled Water Pump and the Cooling Water Pump Since the large- and medium-scale air-conditioning systems generally use water-cooled condensing, there is a chilled water circulation and a cooling water circulation.
The chilled water pump and cooling water pump, which provide circulated power, are also energy hogs.
Online since: December 2014
Authors: Yuan Ping Liu, Qian Guo
value of cultural relics and artistic also can not tear down which the walls,roofs,even roof trusses have already changed out of all recognition,and lost their use value.Some media confound right and wrong,add fuel to the fire,with so much talk about the idea those days.Almost 20 years,Beijing siheyuan is in a circle in protection and renovation of historic culture areas.The contradiction is do add up.Practice in 20 years has proved that,the view that all things can not change did not explore any roads for protection and renovation of Beijing siheyuan,but only waste and delay near 20 years precious time.
2.Protection and renovation of hutong street
In order to make historical block and historical culture of Beijing,especially the living culture-siheyuan that people all cherish go on muchly,we must renew the hutong block organically according to the need of history and city development,to search for a kind of middle-of-the road solution.This article proposes that it should have truly professional
source.In consideration of the reasons above,a large number of architects devote themselves to explore the protection and rebirth of siheyuan buildings.Among these changes,some siheyuan buildings transform into senior business club,some other ones become private museum and so on.They separately inject new vitality into hutong block on the form and function. 3.1.Transformation in form of siheyuan In the eyes of many creative architects,traditional old Beijing siheyuan is too stiff and musty with no vitality of new age.Because of this,a lot of architects explore new forms actively.For example,the famous reform case of siheyuan called Hutong Bubble is designed by young famous architect Yansong Ma.The Hutong Bubble is located in Beibinmasi hutong no.32 of South Luogu Lane,Yansong Ma first communicate with the owner adequately,then change the nornal traditional siheyuan into the appearance we can see.Considering the need of rest room,Yansong Ma designed a bubble rest room like a big drop of water
There are many reconstructed cases like these with different characteristic which worth learning.However,walking in hutong streets,going into resident siheyuan,there are quite a number of siheyuan has not been improved yet,appearing chaotic form of megafamily still.Improving the resident living condition is needed by coordinate of every aspects:government support,the exploration of professionals and coordinate of residents..We have a long road to walk,if chinese traditional culture may be carried forward in a better way. 4.
source.In consideration of the reasons above,a large number of architects devote themselves to explore the protection and rebirth of siheyuan buildings.Among these changes,some siheyuan buildings transform into senior business club,some other ones become private museum and so on.They separately inject new vitality into hutong block on the form and function. 3.1.Transformation in form of siheyuan In the eyes of many creative architects,traditional old Beijing siheyuan is too stiff and musty with no vitality of new age.Because of this,a lot of architects explore new forms actively.For example,the famous reform case of siheyuan called Hutong Bubble is designed by young famous architect Yansong Ma.The Hutong Bubble is located in Beibinmasi hutong no.32 of South Luogu Lane,Yansong Ma first communicate with the owner adequately,then change the nornal traditional siheyuan into the appearance we can see.Considering the need of rest room,Yansong Ma designed a bubble rest room like a big drop of water
There are many reconstructed cases like these with different characteristic which worth learning.However,walking in hutong streets,going into resident siheyuan,there are quite a number of siheyuan has not been improved yet,appearing chaotic form of megafamily still.Improving the resident living condition is needed by coordinate of every aspects:government support,the exploration of professionals and coordinate of residents..We have a long road to walk,if chinese traditional culture may be carried forward in a better way. 4.
Online since: November 2013
Authors: Wen Jun Wang, Sui Huai Yu, Jian Jie Chu
Second, do analysis through professional software that can calculate the stress of each body part.
So, the software based on experiment combines the value of each joint and the results of lager numbers of experiments, and supply the designers professional tool.
After that, we can start our analysis using professional tools.
[6] Thomas R.Waters, Vern Putz-Anderson, Arun Garg.
So, the software based on experiment combines the value of each joint and the results of lager numbers of experiments, and supply the designers professional tool.
After that, we can start our analysis using professional tools.
[6] Thomas R.Waters, Vern Putz-Anderson, Arun Garg.