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Despite increasing attention toward the nanocrystalline (nc) metals [2], very few data are presented in literature regarding the relationships between the very fine structures and the consequent mechanical (monotonic and dynamic) properties.
In addition, the reduction in grain size leads to a reduction in ductility in the nanoscale regime, such mechanism has been explained in terms of tensile instabilities, crack nucleation or shear instabilities.
It is widely demonstrated that the grain size reduction in the ultra-fine and nanocrystalline regime leads to an increase in the fatigue limit of the materials.

oxygen content in air % flue gas volume m3/h flue gas temperature ℃{TTP}8451 flue gas component %（volume） Cu S SO2 CO2 H2O O2 N2 14.3 34.2 21 76700 1340 10.95 4.08 6.77 1.14 77.06 25 30 21 68700 1340 8.66 5.94 8.15 1.35 75.90 22.5 30.8 32～33 51171 1340 18.42 3.42 5.73 1.18 71.23 25 30 31～32 49534 1340 17.87 3.46 5.78 1.20 71.58 Table 2 Flue gas volume, temperature and component of a converter [1,2] Converting process flue gas volume m3/h flue gas temperature ℃{TTP}8451 flue gas component %（volume） SO2 N2 O2 H2O slag forming period 28388 1150 14.89 80.99 0.52 3.60 copper blow period 29612 1150 17.45 77.69 1.44 3.42 Table 3 Flue gas volume, temperature and component of a rotary anode furnace [3] refining process flue gas volume m3/h flue gas temperature ℃{TTP}8451 flue gas component %（volume） SO2 O2 N2 CO2 H2O first oxidation 9836 1350 0.14 5.66 74.95 8.90 10.35 second oxidation 9373 1350 0.17 5.85 75.07 8.71 10.20 thermal insulating 5536 1350 0.02 3.76 72.99 11.19 12.04 reduction
6640 1450 － 0.80 62.60 14.74 21.86 Analyzing above data in table 1, 2, and 3，we can look-up table and compute the specific heat of flue gas in different situations or different periods for every furnaces.
Table 4 Exergy and energy level of flue gas in different situations for flash smelting furnace different situations exergy（kJ/h） energy level situation（1） 8.55×107 0.62 situation（2） 7.92×107 0.62 situation（3） 5.31×107 0.62 situation（4） 5.16×107 0.62 Table 5 Exergy and energy level of flue gas in different periods for converter Converting process exergy（kJ/h） energy level slag forming period 2.41×107 0.59 copper blow period 2.46×107 0.59 Table 6 Exergy and energy level of flue gas in different periods for rotary anode furnace refining process exergy（kJ/h） energy level first oxidation 1.26×107 0.62 second oxidation 1.20×107 0.62 thermal insulating 0.72×107 0.62 reduction 1.01×107 0.64 Way of waste heat reuse of flue gas According to above analysis we know the exergy and energy level of flue gas for all these three furnaces is higher.
It will play an important guiding role in energy conservation and emission reduction of the copper smelting enterprises.

It can be seen that the pattern peaks shows the formation of single phase perovskite structure and have a similar diffraction data of the tetragonal structure for PZT.
Kalem et al. [7] also reported the reduction in the grain size has been attributed to the solid solution impurity drag mechanism in which the La concentration gradient present at grain boundaries was claimed to cause blocking of grain mobility leading to slower grain growth rate.
Besides that, the reduction of grain size has been attributed into the solid solution impurity drag mechanism and cause of blocking of grain boundary mobility and also exhibit the lower of porosity.
The density of doped PZT was increased while the percent of porosity was decreased because of the reduction of grain size.

Composite Vickers hardness measurement data: a) hardness versus indenter penetration; b) indenter penetration versus applied load. 0 20 40 60 80 100 120 140 160 180 200 220 10 12 14 16 18 20 22 24 26 28 30 32 a # 1 # 2 # 3 # 4 Hardness, HV [GPa] Indenter penetration, h [µµµµm] 20 40 60 80 100 120 140 160 180 200 0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0 2.5 # 1 # 2 # 3 # 4 Indenter penetration, h [µµµµm] Applied load, N [g] bThe morphology investigation was performed on the area with accumulation of growth defect because they are critical for the local corrosion process.
The reduction in the number and size of coating defects is in agreement with results found by S.G.
Tai at al. [5] who determined that the reduction in macroparticles is associated with the formation of a compound layer on the surface of the cathodes.
With a higher melting temperature than the metallic target, the formation of the compound layer resulted in a significant reduction in both the size and number of macroparticles emitted from the arc source.

And combined with the experimental data and the JMAK equation, the fitting equation of Kinetics of β-Mg17Al12 phase transformation was built.
During annealing process, the twin grains disappeared and the original bulky organization was replaced by recrystallization grain, while the grain refinement was obvious with the grain reduction to 20-60μm.
Fitting data of different conditions by least square method and get equation[10-12] which was shown in Fig. 5 (b): lgln1/[1-x(t)] =-1.52-0.17lgt （4） Fig. 5 (a) Relationship of volume fraction of β-Mg17Al12 as a function of annealling time at 250℃; (b) Functional curves for lgln{1/[1-x(t)]}-lgt at 250℃ Conclusion 1.
Combined with the experimental data and the JMAK equation, the fitting equation of kinetics of β-Mg17Al12 phase transformation was defined: lgln1/[1-x(t)] =-1.52-0.17lgt; 3.

These actions are based on the data stored in the database as prior knowledge.
Data gloves have been developed to provide machines a more natural GUI.
The data set comprises 499 words, 2 to 7 signs wide, and 1604 signs with a vocabulary of 22 signs in all.
This data was obtained from MotionStarTM with 60 frames per second.
They stated that the hand type could be precisely defined using data gloves in joint angles and finger openness.

Additionally, the current work offers a detailed insight into the constraints and assumptions to allow exploration of different methods for the determination of material properties using the DIC measured data.
For data acquisition (with an image acquisition rate of 0.5 s-1), Vic-Snap image acquisition from Correlated Solutions was used.
In the vicinity of the crack surfaces and the crack tip some subsets lose correlation and these sections of the AOI no longer show data (see Fig. 2(b)).
The comparison of the methods aimed for an increase in the reliability of the measured data as a future output for rate-dependent testing for crashworthiness simulations.
In order to understand the use of rate-dependent data, it should be investigated how strain rates are applied since displacement rates do not represent a material related property.

This system has the function of decision-supporting and makes a contribution to the application of data mining technology for comprehensive statistical management system for coal enterprise Analysis of Data Mining Algorithms for System Comprehensive statistic management system for coal enterprise deal with all production data, business data, financial data, etc.
Including not only raw data but also the date generated by complex calculation.
So the applications of data mining technology are extremely imperative.
Decision tree method can not only deal with discrete data, but can deal with continuous data too. ⑷The decision tree can clearly show the importance of attributes.
When choicing the condition attribute collections, first, we carry on the data pretreatment, delete the belt noise data, polish the default value, and discretization data value and so on.

Usually, the specimens datum gathered were not enough and the machining process was finished.
For the system existing in factory such as ERP, PDM and etc, integration interfaces were provided for the systems of CAX (Computer Aided for X), ERP (Enterprise Resource Planning, ERP), PDM (Product Data Manage) and etc.
RS theory was provided by Poland scholar Pawlak Z in 1982 and are applied extensively in the knowledge expression of uncertain and imprecise knowledge, datum reduction based on information saving, approximate pattern classification, dependency diagnose in datum, decision algorithm from datum, the information quality based on coincidence indicator information and etc
The searching of similar procedure can be done by the method that is to inspect the datum standardized.
At the same time, the datum is saved to database for the further analysis in process capacity module.

Data collected from coal operations of acid mine drainage treatment where the area is located, how much rainfall conditions of the area, and how the acid water formed is treated.
The data collected are checking records for the period from 2017 to 2022.
Research location at Jorong District, Tanah Laut Regency, South Kalimantan Provinces They are collecting and analyzing data.
Figure 2 is the data of pH monitoring results at compliance points for a year and Fe and Mn monitoring results as shown in Figure 3.
The amount of water discharge noted in the data above varies because it depends on the total rainfall each year as mentioned in Table 1.