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Geiker3, d 1 Department of Civil Engineering, Technical University of Denmark, Kgs.
Lyngby, DK-2800, Denmark 2 Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, California, 94305-4020, USA 3 Department of Structural Engineering, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, NO-7491, Norway aalmi@byg.dtu.dk, bhs@byg.dtu.dk, cmlepech@stanford.edu, dmette.geiker@ntnu.no Keywords: Service life modelling, concrete deterioration, multi-scale, multi-physics Abstract.
The renovation, renewal, and maintenance of existing civil infrastructures is, therefore, a primary challenge for researchers and practitioners alike.
Reinforcement corrosion, as the leading deterioration mechanism of civil infrastructure built from reinforced concrete, destroys more than 3% of the world’s GDP [1].
While engineering tools and methods are well developed for the structural design of new structures, tools for assessing current and predicting the future condition of reinforced concrete structures are less advanced.

Influences of abnormal climates on engineering characteristics of expansive soil Hui Wang 1, 2,a, Jianhua Cheng1,b 1School of Civil Engineering of Henan Polytechnic University,Jiaozuo,Henan,China,454003 2 School of Civil Engineering of Zhengzhou University,Zhengzhou,Henan,China,454000 awanghui9962@hpu.edu.cn, bcheng219@yahoo.cn Keywords: climate change;expansive soil;atmosphere influence depth; swelling and shrinking Abstract: Expansive soil is a kind of high plastic clay which is more sensitive to changes of climatic and hydrogeologic conditions, and it has the character of swelling when watering and shrinking when drying out.
But in the situation of abnormal climate , the depth will exceed original design criterion and lead to hazard engineering accidents.
Therefore, It has great importance in engineering application of studying influence of abnormal climate to engineering characteristics of expansive soil.
Water-way Transportation Engineering.July,2008.No 7.147[in chinese] [6] Xinghuo Leng, Shangfa Chen, Dehu Cheng.
Chinese Journal of Geotechnical Engineering.July,2007.

New Knowledge in the Field of Reduction of Shear Stress in the Foundation Structures of Concrete or Masonry Structures Martina Janulikova1, a * 1 VSB - Technical university of Ostrava, Faculty of Civil Engineering, Department of Building Structures, 17.listopadu 2172/15, 708 33 Ostrava-Poruba, Czech Republic, Europe amartina.janulikova@vsb.cz Keywords: Sliding joint, asphalt belt, foundation structure, shear stress.
Due to fact that today´s market gives a lot of new modern materials, the laboratory tests are carried out to verify their behavior at the Faculty of Civil Engineering VŠB Technical University of Ostrava (Czech Republic).
Buchta, Laboratory Testing of Asphalt Belts Rheological Properties Exposed to Shear Loads, Transactions of the VŠB - Technical University of Ostrava, Civil Engineering Series, vol.
Stara, Multi-layer Rheological Sliding Joint in the Foundation Structures, Transactions of the VŠB – Technical University of Ostrava, Civil Engineering Series, vol.
PhD. thesis, VŠB-Technical University of Ostrava, Faculty of Civil Engineering, Department of Building Structures, 89 p, 2008.

Stochastic Optimization of a Reinforced Concrete Elements Using Heuristic Algorithm Jakub Venclovský1,a*, Petr Štěpánek1,b and Ivana Laníková1,c 1Brno University of Technology, Faculty of Civil Engineering, Veveří 331/95, 602 00 Brno, Czech Republic avenclovsky.j@fce.vutbr.cz, bstepanek.p@fce.vutbr.cz, clanikova.i@fce.vutbr.cz Keywords: Deterministic optimization, stochastic optimization, structural design.
It is possible to see various applications of mathematical optimization in civil engineering (structural design, reconstruction of transportation networks etc.)
Introduction In civil engineering the methods of mathematical optimization are often applied lately to make the design of structures more effective.
Acknowledgment This contribution was prepared within a scientific-research work of the project FAST/FSI-J-17-4753 “Advanced methods of design optimization of structural elements”, supported by the Brno University of Technology, Faculty of Civil Engineering and Faculty of Mechanical Engineering.
Ghareibeh, Reliability-based life-cycle management of highway bridges, in: Journal of Computing in Civil Engineering, 2001, vol. 15, is. 1, pp. 27-34

MOHD SHAHIR LIEW Head of Civil Engineering Department & Chairman of ICCOEE2014 Universiti Teknologi PETRONAS Dear Distinguished Delegates, Sponsors and Exhibitors, Greetings and welcome to the 2nd International Conference on Civil, Offshore & Environmental Engineering 2014 (ICCOEE2014).
ICCOEE 2014 is an international forum of distinguished intellectuals engaged in scientific, engineering and technological research dedicated toward the sustainability of civil engineering knowledge and application.
The conference provides a venue for you to share and exchange the wealth of knowledge in the civil engineering fraternity with the delegates.
Safety Matters in Civil Engineering - A Historical Overview and a Look into the Future BIOGRAPHY Prof.
Until then he was the associate professor of probabilistic design methods at the Faculty of Civil Engineering and Geosciences of Delft University of Technology.

Buckling Behavior of Pultruded Monosymmetric Members Seung Sik Lee 1,a, Soon Jong Yoon 1,b, Sun Kyu Cho 2,c and Jong Myen Park3,d 1 Department of Civil Engineering, Hongik University, Seoul, Korea 2 Department of Civil Engineering, Seoul National University of Technology, Seoul, Korea 3 JM Consultant Co.
Pultruded fiber reinforced polymer (FRP) structural members have been used in various civil engineering applications.
Introduction In general, pultruded composite structural members for civil engineering applications are made of a polymeric resin system reinforced with E-glass or carbon fibers in the forms of unidirectional rovings, continuous strand mats (CSM), and/or stitched fabrics (SF).

Health Monitoring Technology in Steel Structure Engineering of Jinan Grand Theatre Concert Hall Xuejun Zhou1, a, Rongqian Yang2,b , Xiao Ma3,c , Yuan Xu1,d 1School of Civil Engineering, Shandong Jianzhu University, Jinan, China 2School of Civil Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan, China 3Department of Civil Engineering, Shandong Urban Construction Vocational College, Jinan, China axuejunzhou@126.com, byrq0610@qq.com, c79939730@qq.com, d48067370@qq.com Keywords: Large-span steel structure, Health monitoring, Vibrating wire sensor, Engineering application Abstract.
Engineering situation Jinan Grand Theatre Concert Hall——the center of 10th China Art Festival (2013), is designed by famous architect Paul Andreu who comes from French[3].
Engineering Mechanics. 2010. 27:105-112.
Based on the Grey System Theory of Large Steel Structure Engineering Damage Identification Technology Research[D].
Jinan Grand Theatre Concert Hall’s Health Monitoring Engineering Technical Scheme [R].Jinan: Shandong Jianzhu University, 2007:2-5.

Analysis of Massive Platform Concerte 3-Dimensional Hydration Heat of Corrugated Steel Webs Bridge Jun Wang 1,2,a, Zi-Qing Li1,b, Xian-Wu Hao1,c , 1 Chang`an University, Xi’an Shanxi 710064, China 2Xi’an Municipal Engineering Design & Research Institute Co.
，Ltd. , Xi’an Shanxi 710068, China a512258016@qq.com,bshizilu007@sina.com, chxw1962@126.com Key words：massive concrete；hydration heat；finite element method；countermeasure Abstract：with the continuous development of bridge engineering, the massive concrete has been widely used in large-scale bridge foundation engineering.
Introduction With the continuous development of bridge engineering, the application of the massive concrete in the foundation engineering of some large bridges is quite common now.
Heat conduction equation The temperature of a point within the engineering structures or on the surface of the engineering structures at a moment can be expressed as followings: Ti= f (x, y, z) ① The temperature of this point not only connects with the coordinate x, y, z, but also connects with time.
With the help of MIDAS/Civil, this paper analyzes the platforms of a bridge to be built and summarizes the temperature distribution within the pile and the temperature variation with time.

From the previous study, we have figured out the percentage of civil engineering, drainage engineering, heating ventilation and air conditioning (HVAC) engineering and electrical engineering of the direct fee (see Fig. 2).
The following will finalize the investment control target of civil engineering based on cost ratio of subentry engineering.
According to the above analysis, the proportion limit in civil subentry engineering of civil engineering direct fee (see Fig. 3).
Fig. 3 Proportion limit in civil subentry engineering of civil engineering direct fee Based on the above range, we could figure out the investment objective of subentry engineering.
During the design process, civil engineering of unit project the key project of investment, 2.

Analysis on nonlinear curvature deflection for reinforced concrete two-way slabs under uniformly distributed load Huang Ying1, a, Guo Pan2,b and Tong Zhineng3,c 1College of Architecture and Civil Engineering, Jiangxi Science & Technology Normal University, Nanchang 330013,China; Nation Engineering Laboratory for High Speed Railway Construction, Changsha, 410075, China 2 Jiangxi Science & Technology Normal University, Nanchang 330013,China; 3 College of Architecture and Civil Engineering, Jiangxi Science & Technology Normal University, Nanchang 330013,China; ahuangying7871@163.com, bguo_pan16@163.com, ctongzhineng@sohu.com Keywords: reinforced concrete two-way slabs; curvature of deflection; nonlinear analysis; stiffness characteristic coefficient of two-way slabs.
Reinforced concrete two-way slabs are widely used in industrial, civil, public buildings.
Introduction Reinforced concrete two-way slabs are widely used in industrial and civil buildings.
Acknowledgements The authors would like to express their appreciation to Nation Engineering Laboratory for High Speed Railway Construction.
Journal of Xi’an institute of Metallurgical and Construction Engineering, 1991,Vol.23, No.3:358-365 [5]Jiang Lei.