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Performance Assessment of Basic Oxygen Furnace Slag (BOFS) as an Ice-Melting Abrasive Material Saken Sandybay1, a, Islam Orynbassarov2,b, Chang-Seon Shon1,c*, Dichuan Zhang1,d and Jong Ryeol Kim1,e 1Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, School of Engineering, Nazarbayev University, Nur-Sultan, Kazakhstan, 010000 2Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, College of Engineering, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE 68588, United States asaken.sandybay@nu.edu.kz, biorynbassarov2@huskers.unl.edu, cchang.shon@nu.edu.kz, ddichuan.zhang@nu.edu.kz, ejong.kim@nu.edu.kz *Corresponding author Keywords: Basic oxygen furnace slag, abrasive material, surface blasting, ice melting, aggregate-salt mixture, sodium chloride, calcium chloride.
In the abrasives for civil engineering applications, the reliance on natural sand encounters notable constraints, including concerns about its availability and the environmental ramifications linked to natural sand mining.
Thus, this research investigates BOFS as a possible substitute for natural sand as abrasives, providing a viable path to solve environmental issues and operational constraints in civil engineering applications.
Acknowledgments The School of Engineering and Digital Sciences, Nazarbayev University, supported this research.
World Academy of Science, Engineering and Technology, International Journal of Social, Behavioral, Educational, Economic, Business and Industrial Engineering, 9, 978-981. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-13-7071-7_27 [9] Wang, X.

Design and Analysis on Fan- shape Four Pyramid Grid with Single Point Supporting Ke Li 1, a and Jing Ji1, b 1Heilongjiang key Laboratory of Disaster Prevention, Mitigation and Protection Engineering, Northeast Petroleum University, Daqing, Heilongjiang, 163318, China aJijing1977@163.com, bDq_like@126.com Keywords: Grid Structure, Welding Hollow Ball, Finite Element Analysis.
The bearing capacity of the members and structure deformation are checked, finally design and construction for the node of members and the detail of structure are given, and these can provide references for the design of similar engineering.
Grid structure adopts steel structure grid which are applied to the actual engineering extensively.
Design and construction for the node of members and the detail of structure are given, and these can provide references for the design of similar engineering.
References [1] Shilin Dong and Ruojun Qian: Analysis Theory and Calculation Method of Space Grid Structure (China Building Industry Press, China 2000) [2] Shizhao Shen and Xin Chen: The stability of reticulated shell structures (Science Press, China 1999) [3] Wenfu Zhang, Xiuli Wang and Deyu Yin: The spatial structure (Science Press, China 2005) [4] Wenhua Hao: ANSYS Civil Engineering Application Examples (China Water Conservancy Press, China 2005) [5] Yunfeng Zhang, Ning li and Jing Ji: Low temperature Construction technology.

Talking about the Project Cost Management Baoxia Cui 1, a, Aailin Zhang2, b 1 Architectural and Civil Engineering Institute, Inner Mongolia Scientific and Technical University, Baotou Inner Mongolia 014010, China 2 Architectural and Civil Engineering Institute, Inner Mongolia Scientific and Technical University, Baotou Inner Mongolia 014010, China acuibaoxiapt@yahoo.com.cn, bEllen1112@163.com Key words: Construction; Cost; Management; Control focal point Abstract: This paper mainly analyze the cost management from basic concept, cost control method in construction and principal in cost management.
Introduction In the construction project management, there is a problem that needs pay more attentions for all levels of engineering cost departments and investors, it is how to manage project cost effectively, and to cut down the engineering cost under the premise of ensuring the engineering quality.
During this period, many factors, which influence the engineering cost, will change.
Engineering cost management methods Total life cycle cost management methods[3].
Overall process engineering cost management methods.

Model test of roughness’ influence on bearing mechanism in rock-socketed pile Yan qiang Wang1, a, Rui Gao1, b and Ya wu Zeng1, c 1School of civil Engineering and Architecture, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China a qywyes@126.com, bgaorui@whu.edu.cn, c Zengyw@whu.edu.cn Keywords: model test; bearing mechanism; rock-socketed pile; roughness Abstract.
Lam: Journal of Geotechnical Engineering.
Konyukhov: Soil Mechanics and Foundation Engineering.
[12] Qianfeng Yao. et al: Structural experiment in civil engineering(China Architecture &Building Press, Beijing, China 2008.
Q.Yue: International Journal of Engineering Science.

Restorations of Historic Buildings Considering the Fire Safety in Model Solutions Agnes Iringová1,a*, Dominika Vandličková2,b 1,a*Department of Building Constructions and Urban Planning, Faculty of Civil Engineering, University of Žilina, Univerzitná 1, 010 26 Žilina, Slovakia 2,bDepartment of Building Constructions and Urban Planning, Faculty of Civil Engineering, University of Žilina, Univerzitná 1, 010 26 Žilina, Slovakia a*agnes.iringova@fstav.uniza.sk, bdominika.vandlickova@fstav.uniza.sk Keywords: Restorations, fire safety, historic buildings, legislative, protection, construction, thermal insulations, fire resistance.
In: Civil and Environmental Engineering: scientific technical journal.

Rocha 1, d 1 Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering University of California, Davis, CA 95616, U.S.A.
Specimen 3 - Glass Fiber-Reinforced Polymer Rebars Glass fiber-reinforced polymer (GFRP) rebars have been successfully used in civil engineering structures that were exposed to corrosive environments.
Shah: Finite Element Modeling of Bridge Approach and Transition Slabs, Final Report FHWA-NJ-2002-007, Dept of Civil & Environmental Engineering, Rutgers University, Piscataway, New Jersey, September (2002), p. 69

Investigation of the Causes of Colour Inconsistency in the Facades of Vrchotovy Janovice Castle Amos Dufka1, a, Pavla Rovnaníková2, b, Rostislav Drochytka1, c 1Brno University of Technology, Faculty of Civil Engineering, Institute of Technology of Building Materials and Components, Czech Republic 2Brno University of Technology, Faculty of Civil Engineering, Institute of Chemistry, Czech Republic adufka.a@fce.vutbr.cz, brovnanikova.p@fce.vutbr.cz, cdrochtka.r@fce.vutbr.cz Keywords: colour inconsistency, castle facade, restoration Abstract.
References [1] Expert witness report 8/2012 Determination of the factors causing colour inconsistency in the Vrchotovy Janovice Castle facade, develop in June 2012 by the Faculty of Civil Engineering at Brno University of Technology

Sacco2,b 1Department of Civil-Environmental Engineering and Architecture, University of Parma, Italy 2Department of Civil and Mechanical Engineering, University of Cassino & SL, Italy a francesco.freddi@unipr.it, bsacco@unicas.it, Keywords: masonry, FRP, mortar joints, debonding, effective bonded length, damage.
Acknowledgments This research has been possible thanks to the financial support of the project ReLUIS Consortium from the Italian Ministry of the Civil Protection.
Mazzotti, A numerical model for FRP–concrete delamination, Composites Part B: Engineering, 37, 356–364, (2006)

Thenmozhi 2, b 1 Principal (i/c), Department of Civil Engineering, Sri Ramakrishna Mission Vidyalaya Polytechnic College, Coimbatore 641 020, India. 2 Associate Professor of Civil Engineering, Government College of Technology, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu, India.
[10] Artiomas kuranovas, Audronis Kazimieras Kvedaras, “Behaviour of Hollow Concrete–filled Steel Tubular Composite Elements” Journal of Civil Engineering and Management 2007, Vol XIII, No.2, 131-141

Influence of Polymer Additives on Mechanical Fracture Properties and on Shrinkage of Alkali Activated Slag Mortars MIKHAILOVA Olesia1,a*, ŠIMONOVÁ Hana1,b, TOPOLÁŘ Libor1,c, ROVNANÍK Pavel1,d 1Faculty of Civil Engineering, Brno University of Technology, Veveří 95, Brno, Czech Republic amikhailova.o@fce.vutbr.cz, bsimonova.h@fce.vutbr.cz, ctopolar.l@fce.vutbr.cz, drovnanik.p@fce.vutbr.cz Keywords: alkali activated slag; organic additives; mechanical properties; shrinkage; fracture testing, acoustic emission method Abstract.
References [1] Mao-chieh Chi, Jiang-jhy Chang, Ran Huang, Strength and Drying Shrinkage of Alkali-Activated Slag Paste and Mortar, Advances in Civil Engineering. 2012 (2012) 1 – 7
KSCE Journal of Civil Engineering. 19 (3) (2015) 733-741