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Reduction of water to cement will lead to reduction of the micro-porosity in concrete and of the amount of water to be frozen.
Apparently, the reduction of water to cement ratio will also result in the slowing down of the increase in the water saturating level of concrete surface, so that the salt scaling level may be alleviated.
Based on large quantities of test data, we have come to find that addition of compactness admixture to original formula is beneficial.
Statistic data indicate that in two years after their completion, the deterioration degree percentages for concrete road surfaces contacted with deicing salt are respectively 8% for serious deterioration, 66.6% for medium and mediocre deterioration, and 25.7% for light deterioration.

The data analysis was done using equivalent lattice parameters, defined as {hkl} = {hkl}.
Example theoretical fit (according to Eq. 1) to experimental data for the cold rolled ferrite is shown in Fig. 1.
Stress and texture evolution during recovery process The samples of ferritic and austenitic steels were cold rolled (85% rolling reduction) and next subjected to annealing.
The recovery process causes a gradual reduction of dislocations density, which is visible as a decrease of diffraction peak widths (Fig. 2).
In consequence, only a partial reduction of the second order residual stress can be observed in austenite before recrystallization.

Kuznetsov and colleagues [6] suggested that this reduction in lattice damage is due to the annihilation of vacancies and interstitials created during implantation.
The data clearly demonstrate a reduction in strain with increasing implantation temperature due to the dynamic annealing effect.
Therefore, the flux or dose rate of implantation employing EFII can be much smaller than that of multi-step high energy implantation, leading to reduction of the lattice strain after implantation for wafer implanted with EFII.
Acknowledgement The information, data, or work presented herein was funded in part by the Advanced Research Projects Agency-Energy (ARPA-E), U.S.

The results indicated that the temperature obviously influenced the Cr (VI) reduction by m-NZVI.
The results are consistent with previous studies on reduction of Cr (VI) by NZVI [16, 20].
The Cr (VI) removal kinetic data were examined using a pseudo-first-order reaction kinetics expression [16].
The XPS results suggest that the reduction of Cr (VI) to Cr (III) is complete in less than 5 h.
This co-precipitate will eliminated Cr (VI) reduction.

Hence, the European Union has developed Landfill Directive, which requires a reduction in the amount of biodegradable waste going to landfills, an increase in recycling, and improved energy recovery[1].
Table 2 lists experimental parameters, including the material weight, ventilation conditions, ventilation temperature, and ventilation time, etc. 1.4 Test Methods The temperature of the waste pile was continuously monitored by a temperature sensor (Pt100) every 10min; data were recorded in a computer.
Therefore, the reduction of gross energy capacity was insignificant compared with total energy capacity.
Conclusions (1) In the process of high water content MSW bio-drying, the water content and mass of MSW decrease constantly, thus waste reduction was achieved.
(3) Bio-drying obtained a great reduction of water content of MSW by degrading fewer amount of organic matter.

Only e2 - porosity (internal) of grains composing the pellet is taken into consideration, because the reaction of dissociation of carbonates proceeds directly in grains, composing the pellet (10), and as a consequence a strength reduction because of formation of weak oxide СаО (MgO) [2].
At high temperatures a process of glass phase formation can be observed (11), which also secures reduction of ultimate strength [2,3]
Optimal control of target processes in the layer taking into account received data and on the basis of the represented mathematical model will make it possible to maximally reduce the number of returns and to provide resource-saving and energy-saving conditions for functioning of firing assemblies.
Kazak Computer-aided simulation of heat- and mass-transfer processes in an ore-reduction electrothermal reactor, Theoretical Foundations of Chemical Engineering, 49(5) (2015) 606-611
Chen, Preparation of prereduced pellets by pyrite cinder containing nonferrous metals with high temperature chloridizing-reduction roasting technology, ISIJ International, 54(10) (2014) 2162-2168

All the data were interfaced with computer using software.
At full load the reduction in emission was observed 15% for biodiesel with BFE while comparing with biodiesel.
The reduction in HC is mainly due to improved combustion of biodiesel blends due to excess oxygen atom in biodiesel.
The reason for NO reduction is due to shorter ignition delay, and reduced temperature of uncontrolled combustion.
But the BFE would give minimum reduction in smoke emission.

Promoting a comprehensive view of energy consumption involves not only its reduction, but also how this can be achieved ecologically and economically, for example by increasing the involvement of recycled materials in construction or materials with minimal environmental footprint [2-4].
The selected criteria are: ü initial investment costs, in CZK, ü payback period, in years, ü reduction of heating and cooling costs, in %, ü total costs of the revitalization life, in CZK, ü environmental impact – CO2, in t, ü standard hours necessary for the revitalization, dimensionless [9].
In this case, the calculated and obtained input data were evaluated using a multi-criteria evaluation of Fuzzy Logic.
It also leads to the reduction in the CO2 greenhouse gas emissions.
Conclusions Sustainable construction is dependent on the reduction of the energy performance of buildings and the related financial costs of operation, as well as on the environmental impact (emissions and waste), which can be achieved by appropriate structural modifications.

Considering a FE model subjected to damage at the jth element, the stiffness matrix [ ]jk of the element will experience a change of [ ]jj kD∆ , where jD∆− is the stiffness reduction factor.
If the linear analytical model were an exact match to the experimental data, the predicted frequency changes given by Eq. 5 would be identical to the measured changes { } [ ]{ }DSC f f ∆ ∆ =
In the subsequent analyses, we only consider the split mode with the lower frequency as it undergoes a greater frequency reduction, and, hence, is more sensitive to damage.
To demonstrate the capability of locating damage by using frequency sensitivities in conjunction with the DLAC approach, the damage was introduced by subjecting a specific element to a homogeneous 25% reduction in the elastic moduli for the shell model.
It is found that the proposed approach gives good predictions of the absolute stiffness reduction with maximum errors less than 8%.

But with the use of calcined hongurin there is a slight decrease in the water resistance of the rock: in the optimal composition from 0,96 to 0,87, it is explained by the decrease in the activity of hongurin due to the reduction in the number of active groups, and the resulting new centers have a Lewis character.
№ Plasticizer flow rate, [%] of binder weight Zeolite calcination temperature, [° C] Normal density of CGB based paste, [%] Ultimate strength after 28 days of storage in air-humidity conditions [MPa] Softening coefficient at a bend on compression in a dry state Under compression in the humidified state 1 0 0 65,0 0,50 5,57 5,40 0,97 2 180 60,0 0,56 10,57 8,20 0,77 3 360 60,0 0,23 9,80 6,80 0,69 4 1 0 54,0 0,54 10,70 10,23 0,96 5 180 47,5 0,51 14,50 12,63 0,87 6 360 49,5 0,30 12,73 9,77 0,77 7 2 0 45,5 0,68 12,00 11,9 0,99 8 180 43,5 0,63 18,80 13,37 0,71 9 360 48,0 0,56 10,13 8,13 0,80 The analysis of the obtained experimental data shows that calcinating of zeolite gives positive effect.
As a result of mathematical processing of experimental data the equations of dependence on variable factors were received: Normal density: Y1 = 48,11 – 1,17X12 – 8,00X22 + 3,33X1 + 3,33X2 + 1,88X1X2; (1) Bending strength of samples: Y2 = 0,52 + 0,1Х12 + 0,08Х22 – 0,01Х1 + 0,1Х2 + 0,04Х1Х2; (2) Compression strength of samples: Y3 = 15,62 – 0,73Х1 + 2,5Х2 – 4,47Х12 – 1,5Х22 – 1,53Х1Х2; (3) Sample softening factors: Y4 = 0,81 – 0,11Х1 + 0,01Х2 + 0,08Х12 - 0,04Х22 + 0,02Х1Х2
Calcination of hongurin at a higher temperature (360 ° C) was determined to cause further reduction of the strength of the samples.