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A simple Galerkin boundary element method for three-dimensional crack problems in functionally graded materials Glaucio H Paulino1,a and Alok Sutradhar2,b 1Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Newmark Laboratory, 205 North Mathews Avenue, Urbana, IL 61801, U.S.A. 2Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Newmark Laboratory, 205 North Mathews Avenue, Urbana, IL 61801, U.S.A.
The Boundary Element Methods in Engineering.
International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering, (submitted 2004)
International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering, 2004.
ASCE Journal of Engineering Mechanics, Vol. 125 (1999), p. 575-585

Heterogeneity of rock corroded by acid mine drainage based on fractal theory Li Chun Jiang1, a, Sheng Hua Yin2, b, Ai Xiang Wu3, c 1Institute of Safety Science & Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, China 2School of Civil and Environmental Engineering; University of Science and Technology Beijing; Beijing 100083; China 3School of Civil and Environmental Engineering; University of Science and Technology Beijing; Beijing 100083; China aginger@scut.edu.cn, bcsuysh@126.com, cwuaixiang@126.com Key words: AMD corrosion; Fractal dimension; Heterogeneity Abstract: Heterogeneity has been considered as a critical character of the rock structure.
Rock Mechanics and Engineering, 2000; 19(4):468-471 [in Chinese]
Chinese Journal of Geotechnical Engineering, 2007; 29(9):1386-1391
Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering, 2008; 27(7):1402-1410 [in Chinese]
Application status and prospects of Fractal theory in the field of geotechnical engineering.

The Effect Of Slate Powder On Fly Ash In Suppressing Alkali Activity Of Slate Aggregate Longsheng Zhang1,a Guhua Li1,b Huang Wu2,c Xiaochun He2,d, Fang Jiang2,e, Tongchao Liu1,f 1.School of Civil Engineering,Southwest Jiaotong University,Chengdu 610031,China; 2.China railway No.5 Engineering Group Co.
In Guizhou,1/6 of the region's rock is given priority to slate.Due to the alkali activity of slate , except some water conservancy projects using large dosage of fly ash , the local engineering rarely use slate as concrete aggregate.After taking much trials and compared the result with Nanjing Aggregate Alkali Activity Of Research And Testing Center and Beijing Iron Engineering Test Center, the expansion ratio of slate aggregate with high alkali activity in Guizhou can reach 0.50% (rapid mortar bar method 14d),at the same time,we discover that the active mineral in slate mainly are aphanitic , microlite Britain, and parts of chalcedony [1, 2, 3].Another characteristic of slate is that when broken as concrete aggregate,it produce high content of slate powder ,which can be more than 30%.So it's not hard to imagine the content of slate powder in slate mechanism sand is high.
The materials of 30% fly ash needed and qualities 30%fly ash ( 132g) slate powder cement water NaOH sand 0% （0g) 286g 157.64g 1.86g 990g 5% (22g) 264g 163g 1.98g 990g 10% (44g) 242g 167g 2.1g 990g 15% (66g) 220g 168g 2.21g 990g 20% (88g) 308g 168g 2.33g 990g 30% (132g) 176g 165g 2.57g 990g We used rapid mortar bar test method in this experiment,and used “Standard for Constructional Quality Acceptance of Railway Concrete Engineering” of China TB10424-2010[4] for reference.
References: [1]:Beijing Engineering Test Center,Test Report For The Concrete Aggregate (sand) c - 2012-0038 (2012)(in chinese) [2] Aggregate Alkali Activity Of Research And Test Center,Test Report NRAA - 2009-0333 (2009)(in chinese) [3] Beijing Engineering Test Center, Test Report For The Concrete Aggregate (stone) of c - 2012-0040 (2012)(in chinse) [4] Standard for Constructional Quality Acceptance of Railway Concrete Engineering (2010) [5] Lintao Gu, Architecture Technology.(2007).18-21(in chinse) [6] Suppressive Research Of Limestone Powder For Carbonate Aggregate ASR (Wu Dingyan Fang Kunhe etc.)
(in chinse) [7]Xianxiao Peng,Guhua Li,etc.Effect of Slate Powder on Alkali Activity of Slate Aggregate. 2012 International Conference on Civil, Architectural and Hydraulic Engineering.

The Mechanical Properties of Laterite Substituted with Cement and Bottom Ash Sakda Lhajai1,a*, Marupatch Jamnongwong1,b and Nuttawut Thanasisathit1,c 1Department of Civil Engineering; King Mongkut’s University of Technology North Bangkok, Thailand as6601081911011@email.kmutnb.ac.th, bmarupatch.j@eng.kmutnb.ac.th, cnuttawut.t@eng.kmutnb.ac.th Keywords: Bottom ash, Unconfined compressive strength, Splitting tensile strength, Waste materials, Stabilization Abstract.
These additives improve soil engineering properties by altering physical and chemical interactions with soil elements in the presence of water [2].
Table 1 presents the geotechnical engineering properties of the materials under study.
Umniati, “Characterisation of Ground Coal Bottom Ash With Different Grinding Times,” International Journal of Sustainable Construction Engineering and Technology, vol. 14, no. 3, pp. 49–56, 2023
Khabbaz, “Strength characteristics of lime and bottom ash reinforced expansive soils,” in Eighth International Conference on Case Histories in Geotechnical Engineering, American Society of Civil Engineers Reston, VA, 2019, pp. 352–362

Study on the method of fixing Voids in Coarse Aggregate in SMA Mixture Wengwu Wang1, a,Yusi Yin2,b 1College of Civil and Transportation Engineering, Hohai University, Jiangning District, Nanjing, China 2College of Civil and Transportation Engineering, Hohai University, Jiangning District, Nanjing, China awang2012ww@163.com,byusi_yin@163.com Keywords: Stone matrix asphalt;voids in the coarse aggregate;Gyration compaction;Marshell compaction;systematic error Abstract.
Journal of Zhengzhou University ( Engineering Science). 2010,31(4):2-5.
(In Chinese) [5] Highway engineering asphalt and asphalt mixture test procedures(JTG_E20-2011).
[7] Test methods of aggregate for Highway Engineering( JTG E42-2005).
(In Chinese) [8] Ruxi Wei.China Municipal Engineering. 2000,90(3):6-8.

A Simplified Micro-Modeling Approach for Historical Stone Masonry Walls Giovanni Castellazzi1,a, Daniela Ciancio,2,b, Francesco Ubertini,1,c 1DICAM - School of Engineering and Architecture, University of Bologna , Viale del Risorgimento, 2 - Bologna, Italy 2School Civil, Environmental and Mining Engineering, The University of Western Australia, 35 Stirling Highway CRAWLEY WA 6009Australia agiovanni.castellazzi@unibo.it, bdaniela.ciancio@uwa.edu.au, cfrancesco.ubertini@unibo.it Keywords: Masonry structures, interface elements, finite element analysis, micro-modeling Abstract.
Computer Methods in Applied Mechanics and Engineering, 191(51-52), 5847-5876 (2002)
Computer Methods in Applied Mechanics and Engineering, 196(49-52), 4934-4951 (2007)
Nobile, Seismic Vulnerability Assessment of a Historical Church: Limit Analysis and Nonlinear Finite Element Analysis Advances in Civil Engineering Volume 2013, Article ID 517454, 12 pages (2013)
Boutin, Experimental assessment of dry stone retaining wall stability on a rigid foundation, Engineering Structures, 29 (2007) 2124-2132

As long as it relates to all fields of geotechnical engineering and civil engineering can be used with grouting technology.
In the late 1950s, gradually applied in dam seepage prevention and reinforcement engineering.
such as deep excavation, slope engineering, dam engineering, underground cavern support, Pits anti-float structure, foundation of Anti-overturning, pull type foundation.
And perfusion in the non anchor section with pure cement mortar without pressure. 5.2Tunnel engineering grouting Tunnel engineering grouting site as shown in Figure 2, grouting process is shown below in Figure 3
‘Research on Treatment System of High Pressure Water Disaster and its APPlication in Deep-buried Underground Engineering’ International SymPosium On Risk Control and Management of Design, Construction and OPerationin Underground Engineering, 2009.

Stability Analysis of Large-span Prestressed Concrete Cable-Stayed Bridge under Floating System LIU Fang-ping 1,2, a, ZHOU Jian-ting 1,b ,YANG Jian-xi 1,c 1 School of Civil Engineering & Architecture, Chongqing Jiao tong University, Chongqing 400074, China 2.School of Civil Engineering, Chongqing Three Gorges University, Chongqing 404000, China alfp05270214@163.com, bjt-zhou@163.com, cyjx@cqjtu.edu.cn Key words: Bridge engineering; Cable-stayed bridge; Numerical simulation; Stability analysis; Abstract：This paper shows the stability of cable-stayed bridge under floating system.

3-D Ionospheric Plasma Bubble Model for Ground-Based Augmentation System Sarawoot Rungraengwajiake1,a* and Pornchai Supnithi1,b 1Faculty of Engineering, King Mongkut's Institute of Technology Ladkrabang, Bangkok 10520, Thailand.
Introduction The global navigation satellite system (GNSS) has now become a major navigation system for civil aviation.
In order to achieve the safety requirements of aviation, the international civil aviation organization (ICAO) has proposed and developed the augmentation systems based on the differential global positioning system (DGPS) technique to provide the differential corrections and integrity information for real-time error bound guarantee.

Introduction Aircraft are heavily used for civil rapid transportation, agriculture application, military and homeland security, anti-drug smuggling and also for the recreational purpose.
According to a joint FAA/USDA/WS/NWRC report on the period 1990-2002, the number of reported bird strikes per annum on US-based civil aircraft tripled from 1,719 in 1990 to 5,976 in 2002 [2].
Modeling of impact forces and pressures in Lagrangian bird strike analysis, International Journal of Impact Engineering [J], 32(2006): 1651-1677