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The Classification of Grounding Method on the Low-voltage Distribution System Chenlei Liu School of electrical engineering,Wuhan University,China 1498634811@qq.com Keywords:low-voltage distribution; system ground; protective earthing; iterative earth Abstract.Electricity is the foundation of modern industrial and people’s daily life,as the most basic energy.
In TT system.Here is the sketch map of TT system.In TT system the power source end grounds directly and the metal shell of the electrical equipment connects to the ground level which has nothing to do with the power source end with protective earthing line,which is called protection grounding for short.TT system is better than neutral earthing for the metal shell of the electrical equipment when there are lots of 220v single-phase electrical equipment in power distribution system and the environment of line laying easy to cause one phase earthing or the fracture of N line ,which may rise the zero potential.In the view of the above-mentioned reasons TT is suitable for urban and rural residential area,industrial enterprises and dispersed civil buildings ,etc.It can become a fully functional system when the load side and the line head are equipped with the leakage switch,while the main line ends with the protection in case the N line breaks.
TN-S system is suitable for industrial enterprises, high-rise buildings and large-scale civil building.

Mistakes for preservation of historic blocks——Reflection on old-town renovation of Beiliang district in Baotou SUN Liping Department of architecture, Architecture and civil engineering school, Inner Mongolia University of Science and Technology, Baotou ,China sunliping@imust.cn Keywords: Historic blocks, Beiliang, Preservation, Mistakes Abstract: According to the discussion of the problems and the analysis of the present situation of the old-town renovation of Beiliang district in Baotou, some mistakes for preservation of historic blocks are to be indicated, which should be concerned by people of all walks of life.
Secondly, in the process of the old city reconstruction, facing the shortage of protection and update funds, the government has not fully arouse the enthusiasm of people and the civil protection money has not reasonable guided to release.

Drilling Force in High Speed Drilling Carbon Fibre Reinforced Plastics (CFRP) Using Half Core Drill Dong Liua, Honghai Xub, Chaoying Zhangc and Hongjuan Yand College of Mechanical Electronical and Engineering, North China University of Technology, Beijing100144, China a liudong@ncut.edu.cn, bxuhh@ncut.edu.cn, czhangchaoying@ncut.edu.cn, dyanhj@ncut.edu.cn Keywords: Drilling force, Carbon fibre reinforced plastics, Half core drill, High speed drilling Abstract.
Introduction Composite materials such as fibre-reinforced plastics(CFRP) are extensively used in aerospace, automotive and civil applications due to their excellent mechanical properties.
These properties made them especially attractive for aerospace and civil applications.

Nowadays, the positional period of typical civil Beidou system is about 1 minute, which is so long that can’t meet the needs of vessel monitoring system, especially in case of island area and narrow channel.
From descriptions above, we can see that with the help of the 72 Bytes SMS in Beidou navigation system, the number of longitude and latitude that can be sent at a time is (72-4-4)/3+1=22, and the sampling period is about 3 second, which can fulfill the need of civil vessel monitoring, even in case of island area and narrow channel.
[3] Information on http://www.beidou.gov.cn [4] Liu Ya-juan, in: Passive Location Technique with Three BeiDou Geostationary Satellites, Radio Engineering of China, Feb. 2006

They are very popular in aerospace, civil engineering, military, and sport materials.
Smart structures are capable of monitoring compressive or tensile stress in critical civil infrastructure systems, such as bridges and dams in real time.

A Study on the Micro Heat Pipe Array Based Flat Plate Solar Heating System Yang Jingang1, aXu Jiaqi1,b 1School of Municipal and Environmental Engineering，Jilin Jianzhu University，Changchun ，China a49308395@qq.com, b2497177385@qq.com Keywords: Solar Energy System Application; Heat Collection Equipment; Data Design Abstract.The application system of solar energy comprises: solar water heating system, solar heating system and solar photovoltaic system, etc.
Design of area of solar collector.The calculation is made pursuant to GB/T 50364—2005 Technical Specifications for the Application of Solar Water Heating System for Civil Building
References [1] Terms Regarding Solar Heat Utilization GB/T12936-2007 [2] Flat Plate Type Solar Heat Collector GB/T6424-2007 [3] Technical Specification for the Design, Installation and Acceptance Check of Solar Water Heating System GB/T18713-2002 [4] Technical Specifications for the Application of Solar Water Heating System for Civil Building GB50364-2005 [5] Technical Regulations for the Construction of Solar Water Heating System DB11/T461-2007 [6] Design Specification for Water Supply and Drainage of Building GB50015-2003 [7] Design Criteria of 24-hour Solar Water Heating System Q/CYJYS383-2001

Damage theoretical analysis of 2.5D C/SiC Composites under Tensile and Shear Loading Yanjun CHANG1,a, Keshi ZHANG1,b, Guiqiong JIAO2,c, Jianyun CHEN1,d 1College of Civil Engineering & Architecture, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China 2School of Mechanics and Civil Construction, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi' an 710072, China ayanjun_chang@126.com, bzhangks@gxu.edu.cn, cjiaogq@nwpu.edu.cn, djianyun_chen@126.com Keywords: Damage unrecoverable strain; Anisotropic damage; Constitutive model; Hardening; C/SiC composites Abstract.

Yuan: Journal Of Civil Aviation University Of China Vol.23(6)(2005), p.48-52
Mah: Investigation of asphalt pavement rutting at two Canadian airfields, 4th Transportation Specialty Conference of the Canadian Society for Civil Engineering, Montréal, Québec, Canada, 2002

Monitoring Aero-Engine Fuel Flow Based on Neural Net Zhaohui Ji1,a, Shen Jiang2,b 1College of Science, Civil Aviation University of China, Tianjin 300300, China 2College of Science, Civil Aviation University of China, Tianjin 300300, China azhji@cauc.edu.cn,b472118787@qq.com Keywords: Fuel flow, monitoring, QAR（Quick Access Recorder） Abstract.
Engineering Science of China Vol. 2 (2000) , p. 40-44, in Chinese

Computational models for functionally graded composites using the SMA as the metallic phase Bingfei Liu1, a, Tian Lan2,b , Peizhe Heng3,c , Yutao Liu4,d and Xiangrui Liu5,e 1-5 Airport College, Civil Aviation University of China, Tianjin, 300300, China aliubingfei168-8@163.com, btlan10@163.com, chengpeizhe@163.com, b 630815973@qq.com, cxrliu11@126.com Keywords: Constitutive models; Mori-Tanaka scheme; SMAs; FGMs.
To be well used in aerospace engineering, the SMA composites should meet the requirement of high temperature conditions and possess higher mechanical properties [6].
Acknowledgements The authors acknowledge the financial support of National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 11132033 and 11172033) and National Basic Research Program of China (973 Program) (2010CB7321004) and it is also supported by the scientific research foundation of civil aviation university of China (2013QD08S) and national undergraduate traing programs innovation and entrepreneurship (IECAUC13020).