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Surface Roughness Model when Machining Aluminum Nitride Ceramic with Two Flute Square end Micro Grain Solid Carbide end Mill Mohan Reddy.M 1, a, Alexander Gorin 2 , Abou-El-Hossein.K.A.3 and Sujan.D1 1 Mechanical Engineering Department, Curtin University of Technology (Malaysia Campus), CDT 250, Miri, Sarawak, 98009, Malaysia 2Chemical Engineering Department, Swinburne University of Technology,Kuching, 93350, Malaysia 3Mechanical & Aeronautical Department of Mechatronics Engineering, Nelson Mandela Metropolitan University, Port Elezebeth, 6031, South Africa amohan.m@curtin.edu.my Keywords: Aluminum nitride ceramic, Surface roughness, and Carbide end mill Abstract: This research presents the performance of Aluminum Nitride ceramic in end milling using two flute square end micro grain solid carbide end mill under dry cutting.
Huang and Liu [5], Klocke et al. [6], Hwang et al. [7] and Kovach et al. [8] conducted experiments on high speed grinding of ceramics for achieving high removal rate.
Klocke et al. [6] studied various process strategies for the high speed grinding of aluminum oxide and silicon-infiltrated silicon carbide at high removal rates.
Mohan Reddy et al. [13] used end milling process on Machinable Glass ceramic to study performance of end milling process.
[16] Mohan Reddy.M, Alexander Gorin and Abou-El-Hossein.

By using the homotopy analysis method, Babolian et al. [3] studied the numerical solutions of BE.
Pettersson et al. [4] used a polynomial chaos expansion approach to give a numerical analysis of BE in the presence of uncertainty.
El-Hawary et al. [5] used a mixed spectral spline approach to solve the generalized Burger’s equation (GBE).
Based on a spectral domain decomposition approach, Golbabai et al. [6] solved the numerical solutions of GBE.
El-Hawary and E.

Hierarchical Clustering of Surface Roughness Using Acoustic Emission Signals Zvikomborero Hweju1,a, Khaled Abou-El-Hossein2,b* 1Ultra-High Precision Engineering Research Unit, Department of Mechatronics, Nelson Mandela University, Port Elizabeth, South Africa.
as219146578@mandela.ac.za, bKhaled.Abou-El-Hossein@mandela.ac.za Keywords: Clusters, Purity, Surface Roughness and Acoustic Emission Signals.
Garikapati et. al. [8] utilized the agglomerative hierarchical clustering and K-Means in clustering Material Removal Rate (MRR), Kerf Angle (KA) and Surface roughness profile (Ra) during machining of AlSi7/63% of SiC hybrid composite.
In yet another study, Torabi et. al. [9] successfully utilized the clustering technique in online monitoring of tool condition and faults diagnosis during high-speed milling processes.
Abou-El-Hossein, "Surface Roughness Prediction Based on Acoustic Emission Signals in High-Precision Diamond Turning of Rapidly Solidified Optical Aluminum Grade (RSA443)," Key Engineering Materials, vol. 841, pp. 363-368, 2020

Increment results indicate the mechanical properties such as 0.2% offset yield strength (YS), ultimate tensile strength (UTS), and percent of elongation (EL) of aluminium alloy can be increased by the RRA heat treatment.
In addition, Ranganatha et al claimed that the tensile properties of the as-received T-6 alloy can be enhanced by introducing the retrogression treatment at 200oC till 10 min because this resulted in optimum properties [8].
Summary The effect of RRA heat treatment on mechanical properties and susceptibility to stress corrosion cracking of 6061 aluminium alloy in different tempers can be summarized in the following: the RRA heat treatment increased the yield strength (YS), the ultimate tensile strength (UTS) and the ductility or elongation (EL) of aluminium alloys.
Trong, Effects of Microstructure on the Mechanical Properties and Stress Corrosion Cracking of an Al-Zn-Mg-Sc-Zr Alloy by Various Temper Treatments, Materials Transactions, Vol. 48, No. 3, 2007, pp. 600- 609
Jezierska, Influence of retrogression and reaging on microstructure, mechanical properties and susceptibility to stress corrosion cracking of an Al-Zn-Mg alloy, Materials and Corrosion, 55, No. 2., 2004

Yue-Xin, et al: Chinese J.
Pinho, et al: Therm.Anal.
El-Shall , M.
El-Shall: Cryst.
Mahmoud Ibrahim, et al: Cryst.

Al- Karaghouli, An Improved Solar Still: the Wick Basin Type, J.
El-Sebaii, Effect of Wind Speed on Some Designs of Solar Still, J.
El-Sebaii, A.A.
Al-Ghamdi, F.S.
Al-Hazmi, Fidah, S.

[22] Fouda AS, Al-Sarawy AA, Ahmed FS, El-Abbasy HM., Corrosion inhibition of aluminum 6063 using some pharmaceutical compounds.
[24] Abdallah M, Zaafarany I, Al-Karanee SO, El-Fattah AA., Antihypertensive drugs as an inhibitor for corrosion of aluminum and aluminum silicon alloys in aqueous solutions.
[35] Abdallah M, Zaafarany I, Al-Karanee SO, El-Fattah AA., Antihypertensive drugs as an inhibitor for corrosion of aluminum and aluminum silicon alloys in aqueous solutions.
[54] Abd-El-Nabey BA, Goher YM, Fetouh HA, Karam MS., ‘Anticorrosive Properties of Chitosan for the Acid Corrosion of Aluminium’.
Al-Shafey, and A.

El-Sawy et al. [1] was the first to investigate the transition from elastic buckling FE to plastic collapse Ffail.
Shanmugam et al. [2] investigated the ultimate load (Ffail) for several boundary conditions for square plates containing a single central hole.
The influence of the yield stress is investigated by El-Sawy et al. [1] and Maiorana et al. [5].
Recently, Scheperboer et al. [8] investigated the ultimate resistance of aluminium plates containing one central hole and a perforation pattern of several holes equally distributed over the plate.
References [1] El-Sawy K, Nazmy A, Martini M.

This result is consistent with the previous work done by Halimah et al. and Hssen et al. [9,10].
This result is consistent with previous work done by Chimalawong et al. (2010) and Zaid et al. (2012) [14,15].
A., El-Mallawany, R., Hariharan, K., & Rosmawati, S.
S., El-Aal, N.
W., & El-Amir, G.

The Al-3.5Mg-0.3 alloy as a reference and Al-7.5Mg-0.3Mn, Al-3.5Mg-1.0Mn alloys were prepared by casting for hot-rolling experiment.
Experimental Procedure The three kinds of Al-Mg alloys having nominal compositions of Al-3.5Mg-0.3Mn, Al-7.5Mg-0.3Mn and Al-3.5Mg-1.0Mn were designed and melted in graphite crucible by using commercial mother alloys of pure Al, pure Mg, and tablet-type additive for Mn and Cr.
(a) (b) (c) Fig.1 Solid fractions of (a) Al-3.5Mg-0.3Mn, (b) Al-7.5Mg-0.3Mn and (c) Al-3.5Mg-1.0Mn calculated by J.Mat.Pro-v7.0 simulation software.
(a) (b) (c) Fig.2 Representative optical microstructures of the as-cast (a) Al-3.5Mg-0.3Mn, (b) Al-7.5Mg-0.3Mn and (c) Al-3.5Mg-1.0Mn alloys.
[4] E.L.