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Finally, the tapered specimens have been compressed at several height reductions (from 50 to 80%) and strain rates (from 0.1 to 1 s-1).
The load-extensometer data from tensile tests have been elaborated in terms of logarithmic stress and strain up to necking in the conventional way.
For torsion tests rotation angle data are converted directly in strain, and the final value at fracture is used for the damage model identification.
This was reflected by the experimental observations; the UFG steel didn’t show any crack, while both 22MnB3 and 30MnB4 presented very small cracks (10 mm size) in the compression tapered specimens at the maximum height reduction of 80%.

Many studies have showed that the reduction degree of photosynthetic rate depends on the water deficit and the drought resistant ability of plants under the condition of water shortage[2,3].
Data treatment and statistical analysis All the data treatment and statistical analysis are performed by the soft Excel and SPSS18.0.
There are two reasons for the decrease of net photosynthesis, one is stomatal factor, that is the decrease of Gs causes CO2 insufficiency; another is non-stomatal factor, because the reduction of photosynthetic activity of mesophyll cells may cause insufficient assimilation capacity, which will limit carbon assimilation.

The basis for determining the fractal dimension for mathematical objects is power law describing the relationship between the number of fragments and reduction ratio, regardless of the reduction scale examined.
Actual world data show only local self-similarity in certain ranges of scales.
For the idea of fractal analysis of actual data to be useful, one ought to carry out tests of scale properties.

Analysis on reinforcement effect of composite foundation Location Calculation settlement of natural foundation/mm Measured settlements of composite foundation/mm Settlement reduction Reinforcement area compression Substratum compression Total compression Abutment 180.8 53.5 234.3 88 62% Center section 194.9 100.7 295.6 95 68% No treatment section 18.8 55.5 74.3 73 2% In order to analyze the effects of the composite foundation on soft soil section, the settlement of natural foundation along the center line with embankment load is usually calculated by applying stratified summation method and compared with the monitoring data of settlement filled with soil.
The settlements of calculation and monitoring data of natural foundation are shown in the Table 1.The result of numerical simulation of natural foundation settlement is shown in Figure 1.
The settlement reduction can also make the differential settlement of bridge and pavement decreased using the composite foundation and be consistent with the design objective.

The transportation efficiency is getting higher due to the volume reduction in liquid state to about one over six hundred in comparison with the gas state, but its liquefaction process needs more 15% energy consumption.
Container manufacturing procedure The material was choosed according to "Boiler and Pressure Vessel Code - Part D of Section II, ASME" to the data drawing the phase equilibrium temperature and pressure.
For that reason, the thickness was increased with the enhanced phase pressure due to the reduction of the chemical potential of the water molecules.
Data, Vol.44(2) (1999), p.253 [15] http://www.mines.edu/research/chs/

The exhaust gas of the engine was cooled and bypassed to the HORIBA 441GE gas analyzer to measure the amount of CO, HC and CO2 and these data were recorded through the data acquisition system.
Usually, reduction in CO2 would accompany the improvement if fuel economy.
However, the fuel economy was not improved at all because the reduction in CO2 is achieved with the price of increase in CO.

Weather data including incident solar radiation and air temperature were determined by weather station.
The temperature and weather data were all collected and recorded by TRM-ZS2 digital weather station at an interval of 30 min during the experiment.
Although the LCZ temperature showed a large reduction compared to the summer days, the temperature difference between the LCZ and air temperature did not change greatly (28.6 oC in winter, 30.3 oC in summer), this due to the fine preservation property of NCZ layer, as well as the appropriate thickness of the ice layer.
Although the LCZ temperature showed a large reduction compared to the summer days, the temperature difference between the LCZ and air temperature did not change greatly.

Currently, the pass-by noise of motorcycle 150ml should be beneath 77 db(A), and the exhaust noise of engine is the main source in all motorcycle noise, so improving and optimizing the muffler structure is very important way to reduce noise .Traditional designing of muffler is mainly carried out by using experimental data and experience, which costs a long test period and much money, which may not get the better silencing effect.
The research of applying FEM can have extensive meanings to save the time, manpower and material resources, which analysis results are consistent with the trend of muffler experiment data.
Table 2 shows that the pass-by noise declines more 1dB than the original muffle and the largest average reduction of the vehicle noise reach 1dB .
Noise Reduction and Isolation .Tongji University Press,1985.12.

A bi-linear characteristic of the σ-ε curve is considered, scaling data from the experimental tests [1].
σy [MPa] σUTS [MPa] εy [mm/mm] εUTS [mm/mm] Exp data (150HB) 225 535 0.0011 0.392 160HB 239 568 0.0012 0.369 180HB 256 608 0.0013 0.344 200HB 284 676 0.0015 0.310 Results and discussion Two main parameters are taken into account to estimate flange damage: impression of the flange once gasket is removed, and joint sealing performance during the pressurizing step.
Indeed, comparing the applied displacement of numerical analyses to M∙S = 0.8 mm, a reduction in sealing for the highest preload considered value (1 mm) is justified.
Presence of the impression can induce a reduction in sealing properties of the joints.

The method of data analysis The data obtained were analyzed by Excel software and then drew diagrams.
With the increase of temperature and the reduction of rainfall, the content of soil organic carbon decreases.
The possible reason was that with the increase of soil depth, the temperature of soil decreased and therefore led to the reduction of the activity of microorganisms.