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Online since: October 2014
Authors: Hong Mei Li, Yun Long Li, Jun Jun Hu, Fang Shan, Jun Sheng Bian
Data collection concluded height, branch number, flower number, leaf area, above ground biomass and grain yield at floral initiation period and the beginning of florescence with higher content of rutin suitable for the regeneration of buckwheat seedlings.
Results and dission Yield comparison of tartary buckwheat seedlings .The yield data of each group were shown in Table 1.
Table 1 Yield of tartary buckwheat seedlings after regeneration Code Variety Treatment Yield of tartary buckwheat seedlings,kg/ha C-1 Heifeng1 Stubble remaining at 4-5 joints 18901 C-2 Hunan7-2 Stubble remaining at 4-5 joints 12501 C-3 Ding98-1 Stubble remaining at 4-5 joints 18701 D-1 Heifeng1 Stubble remaining at 6-7 joints 4850 D-2 Hunan7-2 Stubble remaining at 6-7 joints 4000 D-3 Ding98-1 Stubble remaining at 6-7 joints 4025 Yield comparison of tartary buckwheat seedlings after regenerated.Table2 is the data of the yield of tartary buckwheat seedlings and thousand-grain-weights after regeneration
Table 2 Grain yield comparison of tartary buckwheat seedlings of different treatment Code Variety Yield of buckwheat Reduction rate compared with A(%) Reduction rate compared with B(%) Thousand- grain- weight Difference compared with A(%) kg/ ha g A-1 Heifeng1 3950     22.5   B-1 3343 15.37   20.3 9.8 C-1 1654 58.13 50.52 22.2 1.3 D-1 3413 13.6 -2.09 20.6 8.4 A-2 Hunan7-2 2945     18.5   B-2 3470 -17.83   17.5 5.5 C-2 1071 63.62 69.13 17.4 5.9 D-2 2978 -1.11 14.19 18.3 1.1 A-3 Ding98-1 3576     20.1   B-3 2770 22.54   18.5 9.1 C-3 1361 61.93 50.86 19.3 4 D-3 2354 34.19 15.03 18.6 7.5 Thousand- grain- weight (TGW) comparison of different treatment (1) TGW by normal planting treatment was the highest and 122.5g, 20.1g, 18.5g for Heifeng1, Ding98-1 and Hunan7-2,respectively, affected by variety (Fig 2)
Stubble remaining at about 4 ~ 5 joints, because lignification of down stem occurred, seedling quality dropped down with yield reduction of 50%, which is not economical
Online since: November 2010
Authors: Li Di Wang, Nan Zhu, Jin Kai Li
The measured data from electrical bus or the output of transformer often are disturbed by noises.
In the measurement based load modeling, due to the load in reality may be changeable at any period and the measurement error in the instruments, the measurement data inevitably include disturbance and noise.
Some variable techniques are also used in signal denoising now such as data-driven techniques namely VisuShrink, SureShrink and BayesShrink.
Experiment Results In order to analyze the denoising effect in the approach stated in section 2, measurements data shown in figure 1 are applied in this research, in which the sample rate is 1 Hz.
Terzija in the University of Manchester for the original voltage data and this project is supported by Scientific Research Fund of Liaoning Provincial Education Department (L2010500).
Online since: January 2012
Authors: Jayashree Sridhar
LUNOX: Block Flow – Ilmenite Processing Beneficiation H2 Reduction &Electrolysis Surface, Mining, Cooling, Liquefaction Transportation &Storage Electric Power Waste, Solids, Spent Reacted and Solids B.
Oxygen from Lunar Material Ilmenite reduction FeTiO3+H2 <---> Fe+TiO2+H2O H2O <---> H2+1/2O2 Requires pure ilmenite to work Use basalts, where there's no agglutinates Requires reducing agent Hydrogen most common candidate Fluorine also possible Magma electrolysis Electrolysis on melted rock Oxygen, metal, silicate slag as products Requires enough power to melt rock D.
The results indicate that an architecture emphasizing early production and utilization of lunar propellant has lower hardware development costs, lower cost uncertainties, and a reduction in human transportation costs of approximately fifty percent.
Reduction of Cost: Robotic infrastructure can be economical in 3 ways: 1) They do not require life support systems, allowing greater payloads with lower development costs; 2) With smaller margins of safety, unmanned missions can use less expensive supplies; 3) It can deliver equipment from which following human explorers can use local resources.
Technology Data bases: A strong, integrated approach to the management of technology related information is important to a well-formulated investment portfolio.
Online since: December 2018
Authors: K. Devendranath Ramkumar, Nageswara Rao Muktinutalapati, G. Gopi, Ravi Prasad Valluri, K. Sampath Kumar, Trilochana Jena
Heavy cold reductions are involved in such forming operation, often reaching as high a level as 90%.
Material produced with such a high degree of cold reduction, when subjected to aging, results in extremely high strength levels.
The preform was then converted into a thin walled tube by adopting the process of flow forming, involving about 90% cold reduction.
This is despite the fact that as much as 90% reduction was given to the material by flow forming.
Technical data sheets for this material recommend an aging treatment of 3-6 hours at 480°C after solution treatment.
Online since: April 2021
Authors: Mohit Mittal, Kanchan Phutela, Rajiv Chaudhary
According to the data presented by FAOSTAT of the United Nations in 2017, approx. 3.8 million tons of walnut shell is produced all over the world, with China contributing 51% of the total [13].
This reduction was 5.5% for 45 wt% walnut particle composite in comparison to the pure epoxy matrix.
It was observed that the loading of walnut particles caused the reduction in tensile strength of an epoxy thermoset.
Further addition of filler particle leads to the reduction in compressive strength and it was due to the improper particles distribution within the viscoelastic matrix medium.
As the filler content was increased from 15 wt% to 45 wt% in epoxy polymer, the hardness was increased with the decrease of % elongation in length during the tensile test and % reduction in length during the compressive test.
Online since: December 2023
Authors: Noor Aniza Harun, Nurfarah Aini Mocktar, Muhammad Naquiddin Mustafa, Wan Iryani Wan Ismail, M. Maulidiani, Izwandy Idris
This observation can be assumed that the younger age of M. moribidii is more effective in the synthesis of nanoparticles because of its higher metabolic activity and can produce more enzymes to help the reduction activity take place.
No peak was observed for AuNPs_1 and AuNPs_III after 2 h of incubation period indicating that the bio-reduction of gold metal ions into AuNPs did not occur (Fig. 2a and c).
This observation suggests that Class II M. moribidii contains sufficient unidentified biomolecules to help the reduction of Au ions to AuNPs to occur at the earliest period (Fig. 3b).
The absorbance of SPR band for AuNPs_I that was synthesis using Class I M. moribidii was increased after 1 week which can be assumed that complete reduction of Au ions to AuNPs was only happened after 1 week.
This preliminary data of antimicrobial activity assessment could be improved by considering various factors, for instance the particle size, shape, concentrations, and surface chemistry of nanoparticles.
Online since: August 2014
Authors: V. Suresh Kumar, S. Sudha, R.M. Sasiraja
Results and Discussion The test system used here is having 33 buses and the remaining data are as follows.
As the number of DG units becomes more, the loss reduction increases which is evident from the comparison Table. 2.
Comparison of results with and without DG Cases Loss (KW) FNVDF Without DG (Base case) 210.8383 0.004307 After DG Placement (3 DGs) 118.8415 0.001435 Reduction 91.9968 0.002872 % Reduction 43.63 66.68 It is evident from the comparison Table. 3, there is a percentage reduction in real power losses and FNVDF while employing DGs in all the three optimal locations.
[6] Duong Quoc Hung, Nadarajah Mithulananthan, “Multiple Distributed Generator Placement in Primary Distribution Networks for Loss Reduction,” IEEE transactions on Industrial Electronics, Vol. 60, No. 4, pp. 1700-1708, April 2013
Online since: August 2013
Authors: Alessandra Galatioto, Sonia Longo, Marco Beccali, Giuliana Leone
A first approach to the energy saving topics lead to Passive House concept that was centered on energy demand reduction to almost zero values and stand-alone energy supply.
Moreover, which is the best compromise between demand reduction and energy supply?
Specifically consumption has been estimated sorting some representative area for each intended use and were compared to the gathered data from survey.
The base case-study simulation gave a yearly average consumption of 33.8 kWhe/m2y and all the introduced scenario allow a reduction of this consumption.
Specifically, the Scenario 6 is the better one in terms of CO2 emission reduction about 509.421 kg/y.
Online since: March 2009
Authors: Francesco La Via, Danilo Crippa, Giuseppe Abbondanza, Gaetano Izzo, Massimo Camarda
The further increase of the Cl/Si ratio to 2.0 shows a reduction of the EH6/7 level, whose concentration becomes 7×1012 cm -3, while the Z1/Z2 and RD1,2 disappear.
Then leakage current of the Schottky diodes was observed to increase with Cl/Si ratio (not shown), and is mainly related to the reduction of the generation current due to the level EH6/7.
This reduction should be related to the increase of the carrier mobility, i.e. to the reduction of point defects (as interstitials, vacancies, antisites,..) that have a large impact on the drift mobility [15].
To assure again mirror like surfaces, it is necessary to reduce the amount of carbon on the surface by a reduction of both the C/Si and the Cl/Si ratios.
From these data (Fig. 3) an electrical defect density of 5 defects/cm 2 can be obtained for an epitaxial layer thickness of 30 μm and a growth rate of 80 μm/h.
Online since: October 2013
Authors: Hui Ding, Shi Jin Chen, Sheng Rong Shu, Kai Cheng
The numerical simulation and experimental result strongly demonstrated that the application of this smart cutting tool technology will not only lead to cost reductions but also improvements in environmentally friendly machining because the high costs disposal of the cutting liquid are substantially reduced and thus the associated negative effects are also minimized, taking a step forward towards sustainable machining.
The relative temperature reduction (Tref−Tmax)/Tref, which reflects the cooling efficiency, was evaluated to study the influences of the heat flux and tool-chip contact area, where Tmax and Tref are the maximum tool-chip contact temperatures with and without internal cooling, respectively.
Figure 6 plots the relative temperature reductions at three different tool-chip contact areas and different heat fluxes.
Based on the calculated data, equation (1) is fitted using the least-squares method: (1) where is the tool maximum temperature, is the tool-chip contact area, and are the liquid temperature at outlet and inlet respectively.
Figure 8 (a) Experiment set-up of the internally cooled tool; (b) Location of the thermocouple on the carbide insert Table 2 Tool temperature under different heat flux with/without internal cooling Soldering iron temperature (℃) 200 250 300 350 400 450 Without cooling (℃) 36 38 42 47 54 56 With internal cooling (℃) 24 26 28 30 33 35 Temperature reduction (℃) 12 12 14 17 21 21 Concluding remarks In this paper, a novel internally cooled cutting tool is investigated by numerical and experiment study.
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