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Online since: October 2013
Authors: Dong Zhao Chen, Qing Hua Zhao, Xin Ping Wu
The results show that the exhaust of CO/HC of the vehicles using ethanol gasoline are significantly reduced, the test results provide some scientific data for promoting the application of ethanol gasoline in vehicle.
We can detect the emissions again after the tested vehicles traveling 500km.Test methods based on the national standard “limits and measurement methods for exhaust pollutants from vehicles equipped ignition engine under two-speed idle conditions and driving mode conditions (GB18285-2005)”, measure three times in the idle condition, and average the data.
In addition, because of the combustion speed of ethanol is faster than gasoline, which makes wall quenching layer thinner, reduces the number of the no burning hydrocarbon, and also makes the reduction emission of HC.
We can detect the emissions again after the tested vehicles traveling 500km.Test methods based on the national standard “limits and measurement methods for exhaust pollutants from vehicles equipped ignition engine under two-speed idle conditions and driving mode conditions (GB18285-2005)”, measure three times in the idle condition, and average the data.
In addition, because of the combustion speed of ethanol is faster than gasoline, which makes wall quenching layer thinner, reduces the number of the no burning hydrocarbon, and also makes the reduction emission of HC.
Online since: January 2016
Authors: Xing Tian Qu, Xu Yang, Shi Jun Ji, Zhi Yu Zhang, Xiao Long Liu, Ji Ming Liu
The measured section curve Lm at the position h is extracted from measurement model of blade which is constructed by large amounts of measured data.
The measured data are obtained by non-contact laser displacement sensor with micro-level precision.
Data processing technology such as noise reduction, smoothing as well as data reduction should be firstly performed before reconstruction of blade model.
The Oxy in Fig. 4 is the datum plane.
The measured data are obtained by non-contact laser displacement sensor with micro-level precision.
Data processing technology such as noise reduction, smoothing as well as data reduction should be firstly performed before reconstruction of blade model.
The Oxy in Fig. 4 is the datum plane.
Online since: February 2015
Authors: Wei Wang, Ming Chao Xia, Wan Qing Li, Le Ting Lin, Bei Min Xie, Ping Zhu Liu, Wei Ma
The analyzing computer can accomplish the missions of data acquisition control, data analysis and the historical data query.
The driver for acquisition card is written in Labview2013. 3.2 Software introduction Fig.2 System operation interface There is a human-computer interaction interface, which is divided into three parts: data acquisition, data analysis and data query, shown in Figure 2. 3.2.1 Data collection Fig.4 Multi-channel acquisition signal respectively Fig.3 Data acquisition card selection In the part of data acquisition, the program drives vibration acceleration acquisition card to collect data, and transformer body vibration can be displayed on a computer monitor in real time.
If the substation location and time corresponding to the data are recorded in the computer, the system will store these keywords into the database, which is connected to the system, for subsequent storage and query. 3.2.2 Data query Data query function can call out data that has been entered in the computer.
Figure 5 shows the historical data query function.
Fig.5 Historical data query 3.2.3 Data analysis In the data analysis module, the system extracts eigenvalues from raw data and stores them in the new files.
The driver for acquisition card is written in Labview2013. 3.2 Software introduction Fig.2 System operation interface There is a human-computer interaction interface, which is divided into three parts: data acquisition, data analysis and data query, shown in Figure 2. 3.2.1 Data collection Fig.4 Multi-channel acquisition signal respectively Fig.3 Data acquisition card selection In the part of data acquisition, the program drives vibration acceleration acquisition card to collect data, and transformer body vibration can be displayed on a computer monitor in real time.
If the substation location and time corresponding to the data are recorded in the computer, the system will store these keywords into the database, which is connected to the system, for subsequent storage and query. 3.2.2 Data query Data query function can call out data that has been entered in the computer.
Figure 5 shows the historical data query function.
Fig.5 Historical data query 3.2.3 Data analysis In the data analysis module, the system extracts eigenvalues from raw data and stores them in the new files.
Online since: November 2012
Authors: Sung Wook Kim, Jung Jun Park, Young Soo Yoon, Doo Yeol Yoo
The test results reveal that increasing thickness of the inner ring increases the tensile creep at early age leading to the reduction of the average strain and residual stress of the inner ring.
However, its low W/B compared to conventional concretes, the admixing of large quantities of admixtures and the absence of coarse aggregates lead to large autogenous shrinkage and large risk of occurrence of shrinkage cracking at early age due to the significant reduction of the cross-section enabled by the increase of strength when applied as structural member [1].
The mean values of the data measured by the two LVDTs were used.
However, its low W/B compared to conventional concretes, the admixing of large quantities of admixtures and the absence of coarse aggregates lead to large autogenous shrinkage and large risk of occurrence of shrinkage cracking at early age due to the significant reduction of the cross-section enabled by the increase of strength when applied as structural member [1].
The mean values of the data measured by the two LVDTs were used.
Online since: December 2011
Authors: Michael Ferry, Wan Qiang Xu, Kevin J. Laws, Rong Kun Zheng, Lalu Robin
When compressed uniaxially up to 60% reduction in the supercooled liquid (SCL) region, the flakes in this composite were substantially aligned their broad faces towards the compression plane that generated a strong fibre texture.
As-cast samples of size 12 × 6 × 1 mm were compressed at 138 °C and a true strain rate of 0.1s-1 up to a 60% reduction in thickness using an Instron 1185 testing facility.
(c) pole figure generated from the diffraction data of the crystalline flakes after deformation.
As-cast samples of size 12 × 6 × 1 mm were compressed at 138 °C and a true strain rate of 0.1s-1 up to a 60% reduction in thickness using an Instron 1185 testing facility.
(c) pole figure generated from the diffraction data of the crystalline flakes after deformation.
Online since: September 2016
Authors: Arjun Singh, R. Deivanathan
This project will ensure weight reduction as well as an improved design, that makes use of electro pneumatic braking system.
1.
Referring to Table 1, there is an anticipated trolley weight reduction by 68.86% by replacing steel with E glass fiber composite as a trolley material.
The user friendliness of ACP is evident in the hierarchical data description of materials, stackups and laminates.
Referring to Table 1, there is an anticipated trolley weight reduction by 68.86% by replacing steel with E glass fiber composite as a trolley material.
The user friendliness of ACP is evident in the hierarchical data description of materials, stackups and laminates.
Online since: July 2014
Authors: Shao Hua Zhou, Jiang Ping Zeng, Qi Xiong
Based on some experiment data, a numerical method is used to get an equation about forbidden band Eg via the variety composition of Ge at 300K using MATLAB, which is more precise than linearization.
Through the extraction of the result of the experiment data, we use mathematical methods of interpolation method and fitting method to achieve two better expressions than linear ones.
We take advantage of the two groups of data of conduction band and valence band concentration ratio of SiGe and Si presented in the literature.
SiGe forbidden band width and ΔEGeff calculation mathematical model The materials forbidden band width must be a precise parameter number in heterojunction devices, for the forbidden band width of Si here with the ready-made data is 1.17eV [5].
[3]Zelilca,Matutinovic - Krsteli ,Venkataraman ,et a1.Base Resistance and Effective Band Gap Reduction in n-p-n Si/S i1-xGex/Si HBT’s with Heavy Base Doping[J].IEEE Transactions Electron Device,1996,43 (3 ) :457~465
Through the extraction of the result of the experiment data, we use mathematical methods of interpolation method and fitting method to achieve two better expressions than linear ones.
We take advantage of the two groups of data of conduction band and valence band concentration ratio of SiGe and Si presented in the literature.
SiGe forbidden band width and ΔEGeff calculation mathematical model The materials forbidden band width must be a precise parameter number in heterojunction devices, for the forbidden band width of Si here with the ready-made data is 1.17eV [5].
[3]Zelilca,Matutinovic - Krsteli ,Venkataraman ,et a1.Base Resistance and Effective Band Gap Reduction in n-p-n Si/S i1-xGex/Si HBT’s with Heavy Base Doping[J].IEEE Transactions Electron Device,1996,43 (3 ) :457~465
Online since: December 2016
Authors: Sankar P. Sanyal, Tejas M. Tank, Deepshikha Acharya, Abhinav Bhargav
Ru substitution at Mn sites leads to reduction in TP and increase the overall MR.
In order to understand the conduction mechanism responsible for the electrical transport in the metallic region, we have analyzed the resistivity data using the Zener-double exchange polynomial (ZDE), expressed as ρ = ρ0 + ρ2T2 + ρnTn
We have fitted the metallic region data of all compounds to all these equations but best fit could be obtained for ρ = ρ0 + ρ2T2 + ρ4.5T4.5
The fitted resistivity data are shown as line in Fig. 2 (a, b and c) without magnetic field and fitted values of the constants are tabulated in Table 1.
It is clear from the linear fits as symbolic line of ln(r/T) vs. 1/T that, the data fit well to the SPH type of conduction in the insulating region does not obey the other models.
In order to understand the conduction mechanism responsible for the electrical transport in the metallic region, we have analyzed the resistivity data using the Zener-double exchange polynomial (ZDE), expressed as ρ = ρ0 + ρ2T2 + ρnTn
We have fitted the metallic region data of all compounds to all these equations but best fit could be obtained for ρ = ρ0 + ρ2T2 + ρ4.5T4.5
The fitted resistivity data are shown as line in Fig. 2 (a, b and c) without magnetic field and fitted values of the constants are tabulated in Table 1.
It is clear from the linear fits as symbolic line of ln(r/T) vs. 1/T that, the data fit well to the SPH type of conduction in the insulating region does not obey the other models.
Online since: June 2013
Authors: Anatolijs Melnikovs, Alexander Boyko, Alexander Janushevskis
According to statistical data, appearance of cracks in the areas of barrel support pads of tank wagons often causes damages to the barrels.
For reduction of computational resources, FE models of tank wagon are replaced with high-quality metamodels which are based on locally weighted polynomials.
Distribution of damages in our case is similar with statistical data of tank wagons for transporting of liquefied hydrocarbon gases given in the work [8] (Fig. 2,b).
a) b) Fig. 2. a) Areas of damages of barrel of tank wagon: 1 - welding seams of manhole hatch, 2 - welding seams of shaped pads, 3 - welding seams of discharging device, 4 - welding seams of the barrel shell near supports, 5 - welding seams of dome; b) Statistical data [8] of damaging of tank wagons 903Р (light color columns) and 15-1407 (dark columns) accordingly: 1 - cracks of welding seams of shaped pads, 5 - damage of support, 10 - defects of the barrel welding seams, 13 - unfastening of shaped pads, 14 - unfastening of retaining bands.
For reduction of computational resources, FE models of tank wagon are replaced with high-quality metamodels which are based on locally weighted polynomials.
Distribution of damages in our case is similar with statistical data of tank wagons for transporting of liquefied hydrocarbon gases given in the work [8] (Fig. 2,b).
a) b) Fig. 2. a) Areas of damages of barrel of tank wagon: 1 - welding seams of manhole hatch, 2 - welding seams of shaped pads, 3 - welding seams of discharging device, 4 - welding seams of the barrel shell near supports, 5 - welding seams of dome; b) Statistical data [8] of damaging of tank wagons 903Р (light color columns) and 15-1407 (dark columns) accordingly: 1 - cracks of welding seams of shaped pads, 5 - damage of support, 10 - defects of the barrel welding seams, 13 - unfastening of shaped pads, 14 - unfastening of retaining bands.
Online since: September 2013
Authors: Yong Li, Jie Li
Theoretically, the terminal can support the maximum downlink data rate of about 42Mbps.
For many data services which require higher data rate and shorter delay, such as video streaming and download services, the data rate provided by WCDMA system has been fare from satisfying the requirement of people [1].
MIMO can increase data rates with transmitting parallel data streams, which is used to improve system capacity and spectrum efficiency by improving data throughput on the downlink existing 5MHz carrier.
Four precoding weights are totally defined for to, the first data stream multiplies the weighting factors and, the second data stream multiplies the factor and.
Therefore, each antenna transmits a part of each data stream, two different data streams are transmitted on the same antenna, and the same data stream is transmitted through two different antennas simultaneously.
For many data services which require higher data rate and shorter delay, such as video streaming and download services, the data rate provided by WCDMA system has been fare from satisfying the requirement of people [1].
MIMO can increase data rates with transmitting parallel data streams, which is used to improve system capacity and spectrum efficiency by improving data throughput on the downlink existing 5MHz carrier.
Four precoding weights are totally defined for to, the first data stream multiplies the weighting factors and, the second data stream multiplies the factor and.
Therefore, each antenna transmits a part of each data stream, two different data streams are transmitted on the same antenna, and the same data stream is transmitted through two different antennas simultaneously.