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Online since: September 2013
Authors: Sara Porello
De Jong in 1977 developed a scheme of classification for this material and basically waterlogged wood can be divided into three classes depending on its water content (over 400%water, between185 and 400%, less than 185%) [1].
In the worst case, the one with more water included, the wood has lost all of its hard core, while in the case less severe only the thin surface layer is deteriorated [1, 2].
The removal of water without destroying the object as well is a significant conservation problem achieved by three possible physically distinct methods: air drying, freeze drying and supercritical drying [2, 3].
Through the presented research, discussions with several professionals about the main conservative needs of the most important European ongoing project have taken place and it should be pointed out that the treatments, materials and preservative methods of this heritage still provide a wide debate of research, and many chances for innovative actions.
The first voyage in 1628 lasted for two hours in the before the ship heeled over and the water gushing in through the open gunports caused her to sink right in the harbour entrance.
In the worst case, the one with more water included, the wood has lost all of its hard core, while in the case less severe only the thin surface layer is deteriorated [1, 2].
The removal of water without destroying the object as well is a significant conservation problem achieved by three possible physically distinct methods: air drying, freeze drying and supercritical drying [2, 3].
Through the presented research, discussions with several professionals about the main conservative needs of the most important European ongoing project have taken place and it should be pointed out that the treatments, materials and preservative methods of this heritage still provide a wide debate of research, and many chances for innovative actions.
The first voyage in 1628 lasted for two hours in the before the ship heeled over and the water gushing in through the open gunports caused her to sink right in the harbour entrance.
Online since: February 2012
Authors: Hai Bin Ma, Xue Bai, Rong Bai
Moreover, spot adhesion method is generally used for the insulation construction above and the wall cracking, insulation board falling, poor insulation, water leakage, burr or brick falling may happen once the anti-cracking mortar of insulation board layer cracks.
The cement mortar shall be formulated strictly by professionals according to the process requirements.
The wall shall be watered twice one day before pasting XPS insulation board and the depth of water penetration shall reach 8-10mm.
To prevent moisture from evaporating too quickly and influence mortar strength, the cement mortar plastered on the external side of insulation board shall be watered for maintenance for 3~7 days.
Weather-proof silicon sealant is used in deformation seam to make water-proof and caulking treatment.
The cement mortar shall be formulated strictly by professionals according to the process requirements.
The wall shall be watered twice one day before pasting XPS insulation board and the depth of water penetration shall reach 8-10mm.
To prevent moisture from evaporating too quickly and influence mortar strength, the cement mortar plastered on the external side of insulation board shall be watered for maintenance for 3~7 days.
Weather-proof silicon sealant is used in deformation seam to make water-proof and caulking treatment.
Online since: May 2011
Authors: Ying Li, Jing Zhou, Jian Rong Yang
Disposal Status and Recycle Policy of Construction Waste
Ying Li a , JianRong Yang , Jing Zhouc
Key Laboratory of Urban Stormwater System and Water Environment
(Beijing University of Civil Engineering and Architecture), Ministry of Education, Beijing, China
a liy@bucea.edu.cn , c 247420322@qq.com
Key word: construction waste; dispose status; recycle
Abstract: With development of economy in our country, buildings update rapidly and construction waste increases sharply, which destroyed city appearance and eco-environmental pollution severely.
Recycling rates of construction waste is low, most cities haven’t professional recovery institutions
Forbid landfill of recyclable construction waste, determine construction waste must be separate collection and piled-up, discharge units should equip treatment facilities or pay higher disposal fees to commission professional organization to dispose or use its construction waste.
Acknowledgements The Specific research of Beijing Institute of Civil Engineering and Architecture “Construction of new rural environment in Beijing and the sustainable use of resources”(100705403);Science and Technology Plan of Beijing Education Committee on Projects “Beijing Urban Ecological Research Evaluation Capacity”(KM201010016014); Scientific project soft science research project of Ministry Construction in 2008 “synthetic evaluation method on Beijing urbanization biocapacity”(2008-R2-4); Beijing Academic Innovation Group in Urban Stormwater System and Water Environmental Eco-Technologies (PHR201106124) Reference [1] Yang Dezhi, Zhang Xiong.
Recycling rates of construction waste is low, most cities haven’t professional recovery institutions
Forbid landfill of recyclable construction waste, determine construction waste must be separate collection and piled-up, discharge units should equip treatment facilities or pay higher disposal fees to commission professional organization to dispose or use its construction waste.
Acknowledgements The Specific research of Beijing Institute of Civil Engineering and Architecture “Construction of new rural environment in Beijing and the sustainable use of resources”(100705403);Science and Technology Plan of Beijing Education Committee on Projects “Beijing Urban Ecological Research Evaluation Capacity”(KM201010016014); Scientific project soft science research project of Ministry Construction in 2008 “synthetic evaluation method on Beijing urbanization biocapacity”(2008-R2-4); Beijing Academic Innovation Group in Urban Stormwater System and Water Environmental Eco-Technologies (PHR201106124) Reference [1] Yang Dezhi, Zhang Xiong.
Online since: January 2014
Authors: Hui Min Cui
At present, the humus generation technology, water treatment technology, soilless culture technology, provides the technical support for indoor greening.
So, not simply by their sense of smell, must be with the help of professional equipment by professional analysis.
Photo catalytic oxidation is in the light, on the surface of the catalyst oxidizing the organic compounds into carbon dioxide and water, removal of organic gases.
So, not simply by their sense of smell, must be with the help of professional equipment by professional analysis.
Photo catalytic oxidation is in the light, on the surface of the catalyst oxidizing the organic compounds into carbon dioxide and water, removal of organic gases.
Online since: October 2013
Authors: Wiktoria Ratuszek, Andrzej Romanski, Janusz Konstanty
Introduction
Over the past years cobalt has been the most valued matrix metal in professional sintered diamond tools, such as saw blades, wire saws, core drills and grinding wheels used for cutting, drilling and shaping natural stone, concrete and ceramics.
Although cobalt and its substitutes are still used for professional tools, the recent trend is towards a broader application of inexpensive, premixed [5,6,7] and mechanically alloyed iron-base powders [8].
Spongy (carbon reduced) iron, water atomised tin-bronze, milled ferromanganese, carbonyl nickel and synthetic graphite powders were provided by Höganäs AB, ECKA, ESAB, Vale and Timcal, respectively, and used as the starting powders (Fig 1).
The as-consolidated specimens were first tested for density using the water displacement method.
Although cobalt and its substitutes are still used for professional tools, the recent trend is towards a broader application of inexpensive, premixed [5,6,7] and mechanically alloyed iron-base powders [8].
Spongy (carbon reduced) iron, water atomised tin-bronze, milled ferromanganese, carbonyl nickel and synthetic graphite powders were provided by Höganäs AB, ECKA, ESAB, Vale and Timcal, respectively, and used as the starting powders (Fig 1).
The as-consolidated specimens were first tested for density using the water displacement method.
Online since: October 2014
Authors: Gelu Coman, Cristian Iosifescu, Valeriu Damian
The temperatures measured on the skating rink surface using thermocouples is impossible due to the larger diameter of the thermocouple bulb compared with the air- water surfaces thickness.
Fig.4 Temperature distribution at τ = 120 min Fig.5 Temperature distribution at τ = 180 min Initialized parameters in the mathematical model were: water temperature on the skating track tw = 10 °C , air temperature at the water free surface tair = 10 °C , temperature of the refrigerating agent inside the pipe tr = -10 °C, convection coefficient in the pipe a = 550 W/m2K, air convection coefficient on water surface a = 15 W/m2K, heat flow rate on the track foundation board q = 10 W/m2.
Thus, for the X and –Y directions we have a steep temperature decrease, and on Y direction a slower decrease due to the water surface convective heat flow.
One advantage of using ThermaCam Researcher Professional 2.8 software is that the temperature can be measured in specific points (SP1, SP2,…., SP5), or along a line which intersects several areas (LI 01) The points and line were placed on the study area so that their positions correspond to points coordinates on the numerical simulation model geometry (Fig.7) .
After the complete solidification of water, temperature differences drop, showing a decreasing cooling load and a stable operation of the refrigeration system.
Fig.4 Temperature distribution at τ = 120 min Fig.5 Temperature distribution at τ = 180 min Initialized parameters in the mathematical model were: water temperature on the skating track tw = 10 °C , air temperature at the water free surface tair = 10 °C , temperature of the refrigerating agent inside the pipe tr = -10 °C, convection coefficient in the pipe a = 550 W/m2K, air convection coefficient on water surface a = 15 W/m2K, heat flow rate on the track foundation board q = 10 W/m2.
Thus, for the X and –Y directions we have a steep temperature decrease, and on Y direction a slower decrease due to the water surface convective heat flow.
One advantage of using ThermaCam Researcher Professional 2.8 software is that the temperature can be measured in specific points (SP1, SP2,…., SP5), or along a line which intersects several areas (LI 01) The points and line were placed on the study area so that their positions correspond to points coordinates on the numerical simulation model geometry (Fig.7) .
After the complete solidification of water, temperature differences drop, showing a decreasing cooling load and a stable operation of the refrigeration system.
Online since: May 2012
Authors: Ying Li
BREEAM assesses the performance of buildings in the following nine areas: management, energy use, health and well-being, pollution, transport, land use, ecology, materials, and water.
LEED-certified professionals assess the following six performance areas: • Sustainable Sites (SS) • Water Efficiency (WE) • Energy and Atmosphere (EA) • Materials and Resources (MR) • Indoor Environmental Quality (IEQ) • Innovation and Design Process (ID) activities.
LEED-certified professionals assess the following six performance areas: • Sustainable Sites (SS) • Water Efficiency (WE) • Energy and Atmosphere (EA) • Materials and Resources (MR) • Indoor Environmental Quality (IEQ) • Innovation and Design Process (ID) activities.
Online since: October 2011
Authors: Deng Chao Jin, Hong Jun Teng, Zhen Bo Bao
Introduction
Based on the provisions of "Medical Waste Management Regulations" issued by PRC State Council June 16, 2003, medical waste are produced by medical and health institutions (at all levels of hospitals, clinics, health centers, disease prevention and control agencies, blood collection agencies, aid stations, nursing homes, etc.) in medical, prevention, health care and other related activities, which have direct or indirect infection, toxic and other hazardous, garbage generated by infectious diseases or suspected infectious diseases patients admitted by medical and health institutions, should be managed and deposited in accordance with medical waste[1].Medical waste may contain a variety of infectious bacteria, viruses, chemical pollutants, needle sharp, radioactive and other harmful substances, with high pollution and high risk, improper handling of medical waste will not only pollute the atmosphere, water, soil, food and other environmental resources, and can cause risk of
Some rural health institutions are not on a regular basis in professional technical and security protection training for medical waste collection, transportation, storage, handling and so on, which make management staff, medical personnel and cleaning staff lack awareness of the law for standard management of medical waste and disposal, self-protection consciousness, there is risk of infection [2].
Some medical waste storage areas not separate with garbage area, health care areas, food processing areas and persons and intensive areas, not have closures to rain and water, not regular disinfection [5-6].
Rural medical and health institutions should develop medical waste management training program, strengthen relevant knowledge training, such as relevant laws, regulations, professional technology, security and emergency treatment, intensive awareness of the need to strengthen medical waste management, strengthen legal awareness and environmental responsibility, clear responsibilities, obligations and rights in medical waste management and disposal[5-6].
Some rural health institutions are not on a regular basis in professional technical and security protection training for medical waste collection, transportation, storage, handling and so on, which make management staff, medical personnel and cleaning staff lack awareness of the law for standard management of medical waste and disposal, self-protection consciousness, there is risk of infection [2].
Some medical waste storage areas not separate with garbage area, health care areas, food processing areas and persons and intensive areas, not have closures to rain and water, not regular disinfection [5-6].
Rural medical and health institutions should develop medical waste management training program, strengthen relevant knowledge training, such as relevant laws, regulations, professional technology, security and emergency treatment, intensive awareness of the need to strengthen medical waste management, strengthen legal awareness and environmental responsibility, clear responsibilities, obligations and rights in medical waste management and disposal[5-6].
Online since: January 2013
Authors: Mohammad Mirzaei, Hamed Hasanian
One of the common methods of analyzing quality parameters of water body is the application of water quality indicators.
WQI also gives criteria for surface water classification based on the use of standard parameters for water characterization [8].
Fig. 1 Location of stations Water Quality Index.
To obtain these factors, a number of questionnaires were sent to several professional experts.
Mehere, "Water quality of the Odzi river in the eastern highlands of Zimbabwe," Water Research, vol. 35, no. 10, 2001
WQI also gives criteria for surface water classification based on the use of standard parameters for water characterization [8].
Fig. 1 Location of stations Water Quality Index.
To obtain these factors, a number of questionnaires were sent to several professional experts.
Mehere, "Water quality of the Odzi river in the eastern highlands of Zimbabwe," Water Research, vol. 35, no. 10, 2001
Online since: October 2011
Authors: De Xi Song, Ming Qiang Yang
Conducting Drainage Works for Goaf Water of Small Coal Mines to Avoid Flooding Accidents
During the drainage works for goaf water of small coal mines, Zhangcun Coal Mine encountered goaf waters for 6 times, and handled them properly and in time, effectively releasing 3600m3 goaf water.
Such a drainage project plays an important role in the later works of water detection and water release, and provided security guarantee for both.
Strengthen Field Management and Promote Mass Observation and Mass Monitoring for Water Prevention and Control Works in Mines (1)Strengthen the training of water prevention knowledge for employees, and improve their awareness of water prevention.
For mines with complicated hydro-geological conditions, drainage system is the critical factor for water prevention work, and drainage capability has a straightforward effect on the safety in water prevention and treatment, especially for mines severely threatened by goaf water and floor pressurized water.
By the training of water prevention knowledge, employee’s awareness of water hazards is improved; by greatly revolutionizing the cadres’ working style, their responsibilities and working enthusiasm are enhanced; and by proper allocation of security units’ professional functions, the water hazards are minimized.
Such a drainage project plays an important role in the later works of water detection and water release, and provided security guarantee for both.
Strengthen Field Management and Promote Mass Observation and Mass Monitoring for Water Prevention and Control Works in Mines (1)Strengthen the training of water prevention knowledge for employees, and improve their awareness of water prevention.
For mines with complicated hydro-geological conditions, drainage system is the critical factor for water prevention work, and drainage capability has a straightforward effect on the safety in water prevention and treatment, especially for mines severely threatened by goaf water and floor pressurized water.
By the training of water prevention knowledge, employee’s awareness of water hazards is improved; by greatly revolutionizing the cadres’ working style, their responsibilities and working enthusiasm are enhanced; and by proper allocation of security units’ professional functions, the water hazards are minimized.