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If the data must be digital, the receiver will consist of a frequency-to-digital converter.
This is especially advantageous when a large number of channels are required: the remote VFCs can be used to provide "converter-per-channel" data acquisition.
A data acquisition system for remote sensor using the proposed ADC technique is shown in Figure 1.
Each conversion method offers a different combination of performance and price that makes it suitable for specific set of data acquisition applications.
[10] Data Acquisition and Control Hand Book (Keithley, USA 2001).

To evaluate the performance of the introduced approach, we applied them to the international Knowledge Discovery and Data mining intrusion detection dataset.
Many data mining approaches, including discovering association rules, have been applied to intrusion detection.
This method is useful in reducing data set dimensionality.
Given a finite set of data, the algorithm returns a list of c cluster centers and a partition matrix.
, (4) where is the –th of d-dimensional measured data, is the d-dimension center of the cluster, is any real number greater than 1, and is any norm expressing the similarity between any measured data and the center.

The reduction of these positioning errors is investigated in this work, using the method of parameter identification for a single robotic arm.
These were performed at a frequency of 50 Hz, in order to reduce the amount of data in post processing.
By using this filter and averaging the continuous data, overshoots in the dynamic movements are ignored and the measurement noise (with an amplitude of about 0.01 mm) is averaged out.
The measured data was transformed to the robot coordinate system using MATLAB procedures.
Optimization procedure and mathematical model To fit the kinematic models to the measured data by optimizing the parameters defined in the kinematic models from section 0, a numerical optimization is performed.

The rate of dislocation reduction was more than dislocation multiplication due to disappear at grain size, when the thickness of ultra-thin strip decreased to an extremely value.
The datas were collected by computer.
Zhang[14] studied the rollling texture of high pure copper with 30%~90% reduction, found that with increasing cold rolling reduction increasing , B components on α orientations lines increase significantly, the S components on β orientations lines are in majority, the orientation density is around 16.

In order to study the influence of the action of coupling earthquake to sliding base-isolation structure and improve its effect of vibration reduction by means of optimizing its major parameters.
The same effect of transmissibility reduction of seismic forces, as for the model of the reservoir, was achieved (5–10 times less than in the case of the fixed base model).
The position of static equilibrium is taken as locating datum.
Table 2 The comparison of seismic responses before and after optimization relative acceleration peak value a/cm·s-2 reduction after optimization /% relative displacement peak value △/cm reduction after optimization /% inter-storey shear force peak value V/kN reduction after optimization /% loading condition 1 311.67 —— 5.49 —— 1455.99 —— loading condition 2 329.11 —— 5.78 —— 1534.24 —— loading condition 3 358.40 —— 6.29 —— 1661.58 —— Optimization loading condition 1 288.74 7.36 5.10 7.10 1348.10 7.41 Optimization loading condition 2 303.75 7.70 5.35 7.44 1418.71 7.53 Optimization loading condition 3 327.77 8.55 5.74 8.74 1519.44 8.55 Conclusion In view of that SGA has such frequent shortcomings as premature convergence, oscillation and over-randomization in iterative process, a new genetic operator named transgenic operator had been developed for the purpose of improving GA.

Data from pot experiment revealed that activated rocks with higher bioavailability promoted the growth and K accumulation of gain amaranth.
The size reduction particle of the ground rocks appeared to prevail from 10 minutes to 120 minutes.
This indicated that a reduction in the particle size down to 1.64 m2/g was simply attained and the increased fine particle could be caused by prolonged grinding due to mechanical fracturing.
A perusal of the data (Figure 3-a) showed significantly higher amount of K release from various potassium-feldspar rocks during the initial stages of leaching.
Data revealed that the release rates of K from the rocks in the acid solution followed a two stage process (Table 2).

Our data show sensitivity of about 1500 in 10 ppm diluted gas in air at 100 °C.
The reaction of dissociated H2S with adsorbed oxygen is the main reason for reduction of resistivity. 1.
The PC Link Plus software was used for collecting data.
The mean crystallite size of WO3 was 63.2±0.1 nm which is calculated from XRD data using the Debye–Scherrer equation.
Data show tungsten, oxygen and small carbon contamination on the surface.

The two methods show a good convergence with the experimental data and the optimum process parameters combinations where maximum voltage and maximum current are obtained.
For V and I (Larger – the better Characteristics), the individual response (data) is divided by the total response value (∑V and ∑I) .That is, for each response data, voltage and current is obtained and then WV and WI are computed.
Hung – Chang and Yan – Kwang (2002) [5] proposed a Data Envelopment Analysis based Ranking (DEAR) method for optimizing multi response Taguchi experiment.
Step 2: Transform the observed data of each response into weighted data by multiplying the observed data with its own weight.
Step 3: Divide the observed data of larger – the better type with weighted data of smaller – the better type or normal – the best type.

The LIBS quantitative analysis method was divided into two categories: one was based on the calibration curve with the mathematical matrix correction method; the other was combined with neural network reduction method of matrix.
In the practical application:Preparation of a set of standard samples,the element type and the sample to be tested as consistent as possible,by the system of LIBS standard samples for detection and analysis of standard samples,the content of each element and the relative signal intensity into type(2).It could be obtained by the matrix elements on the determination elements influence coefficient“”as well as the parameter “a” and “b”.Through the test of the sample to be tested in the elements of the relative signal strength,the matrix elements and has obtained the parameters “a”, “b” and influence coefficient“”.It could derive specific samples to be detected in the element content.There was required much group data measurement in order to ensure the accuracy. 3.3 Based on genetic neural network for matrix correction method The quantitative analysis method was one of the key technologies of LIBS.
[2]Xie Chengli.Laser-induced Breakdown Spectral data processing methods and the application in the coal analysis research.Ph.D.Thesis.Huazhong university of science and technology,In 2009
[10] Body D,Chadwick B L.Optimization of the spectral data processing in a LIBS simultaneous elemental analysis system[J].Spectrochimica Acta Part B,2001,56(6):725-736.

Foundation settlements and rotations derived from the reduction of the footprint under the piers threaten masonry arch bridges integrity more than any gravity load.
Some conditions are to be met for obtaining a sufficient quantity of data to perform a Single Value Decomposition (SVD) on the Hankel matrix.
The aim of SVD is to reconstruct (3) from redundant data.
When ambient excitation is considered, the input is unmeasured and equation (4) becomes: {uk+1}=[A]{uk}+{ek} k = 0,1,2,… (5) A Stochastic Subspace Identification (SSI) starts by building large block Hankel matrices from the output sequence, divided up in 'past' and 'future' data matrices [5].
Pappa: An eigensystem realisation algorithm (ERA) for modal parameter identification and modal reduction, NASA/JPL Workshop on Identification and Control of Flexible Space Structures (1984)