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The results show that the contents in a certain range can significantly increase the consistency, Specific density of the fresh mortar, and improve comprehensive strength of the hardened mortar due to LSP deduced the porosity and improved the pore structure.
LSP can improve the pore structure of hardened paste.
The structure of the composites is denser compared with plane more as the effect of micro-filler caused by LSP.
Cement Chemistry, 2nd edition.

New Strategy toward Novel Hyperbranched Phenol-Formaldehyde Resin: Synthesis, Characterization and Curing Study Samaresh Ghosh Department of Chemistry, Bankura Sammilani College, Kenduadihi, Bankura-722102, WB, India gsamaresh@yahoo.com Keywords: Hyperbranched, phenol-formaldehyde resin, HBPF.
Thorough characterizations (FT-IR, NMR, HPLC, MALDI-TOF MS and elemental analyses and rheological flow behavior) were performed to ascertain the structure of HBPF 1.
Introduction During recent years hyperbranched polymers [1,2] have attracted increasing interest due to their highly branched three-dimensional structures, interesting properties and promising practical applications.
Moreover, the spectrum is very well structured, having roughly one peak per repeat unit.

Optical Characterization of Graphene Oxide Films by Spectroscopic Ellipsometry Veronika Schmiedova1, a*, Jan Pospisil1, b, Oldrich Zmeskal1, c and Viliam Vretenar2, d 1 Brno University of Technology, Faculty of Chemistry, Purkynova 118, 612 00 Brno, Czech Republic 2 STU Centre for nanodiagnostics, Vazovova 5, 812 43 Bratislava, Slovakia axcschmiedova@fch.vutbr.cz, bxcpospisil@fch.vutbr.cz, czmeskal@fch.vutbr.cz, dvretenar@danubiananotech.com Keywords: graphene oxide; spectroscopic ellipsometry; optical properties Abstract.
Defined structure of GO can be obtained by reduction of prepared layers either by heating or by UV radiation (rGO).
One way of characterizing the degree of oxidation is to evaluate the sp2 carbon fraction, which can ensure a view of the structure – property relationships because the optical and electrical properties of GO or rGO are mainly determined by the π-electrons from sp2 carbon atoms [4], [5].
Kelires, Atomic and electronic structure of crystalline amorphous carbon interfaces, Diamond and Related Materials 16 (2007) 1875-1881

The structures possess local pair and multisite correlation functions that mimic those of the corresponding random structures.
Supercells were also constructed for the simplest structure C15.
The C36 structure was found from x=0.67 to x=1.5.
Figure 3: Crystal structure of the SQS-48 structures in their ideal, unrelaxed forms for laves C36 phase (Mg0.5,Al0.5)2Ca.
Haussermann, Inorganic Chemistry, 42, (2003) 1467-1474

Strength criterion of the structure plane.
If equal to or, the rock is in a state of near between structure plane damage and rock mass damage The impact of groundwater on the structural plane The effect of water of the rock mass includes two aspects: One is the physical chemistry action of the water on the rock, which is commonly used to be characterized by the softening coefficient.
Ơ p Ơ p Fig.3 Ideal structure of the surface Fig.4 The contact relationship between saturated with water by the force hydrous structure surface and rock Fig.3 shows the stress state of ideal saturated structure on the surface.
Rock above and below the structure surface is a smooth surface，but in fact, Contact of the structure surface above and below the rock is not exist on the whole structure plane，only placed in the top of convex bodies, and water pressure effect is just produced in the hole on the interface.
Generally there is a certain angle between structure surface and the rock.

The electronic structure makes the main effect on the property of the materials, but the structure of TiB2-Al2O3 composite and doped series is no studied so far and not clear.
DFT-DVM method can be used to calculate larger structure models of molecules, clusters and solids, so it has been widely used in chemistry, physics, material science and so on [9].
TiB2 has the space group of P6/mmm and the layer-crystal structure with B6 and Ti7 (one Ti atom is in the center) atomic (or ionic) hexagons.
Oxygen atoms in a-Al2O3 are with face-center cube structure.
As the proportion of Al and O is 2/3, some octahedral vacancies do not be occupied, which lead to the layer structure of a-Al2O3.

Four specific geometry models of Si(-220)/6H–SiC(0001) interface structures with different terminations are chosen.
This suggests that the atomic structures and electronic states of both slabs are affected substantially by the each other.
Summary Atomic and electronic structure of 6H-SiC(0001) and Si/6H-SiC heterojunction are studied using first-principles calculations.
Yang, Hetero-epitaxy and structure characterization of Si films on 6H-SiC substrates ,Materials Letters. 65 (2011) 1257–1260
Almlof, General methods for geometry and wave function optimization, Journal of Physical Chemistry. 96 (1992) 9768-9774

CHITHARANJAN HEGDE1,b* 1Electrochemistry Research Lab, Department of Chemistry National Institute of Technology Karnataka, Surathkal Srinivasnagar-575025, India. asandhya19shetty@gmail.com, b*acrhegde@gmail.com Keywords: Sn-Ni alloy, Electrodeposition, Corrosion study.
Experimental results are discussed taking in account of the phase structure, composition and surface morphology of the coatings, evidenced by X-ray diffraction (XRD), Energy Dispersive X-ray (EDX) and Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) analysis.
Phase structure of the coatings at different c.d.’s were analyzed by X-ray Diffraction study (XRD, JEOL JDX-8P), using Cu Kα (λ=1.5406 Å) radiation, in continuous scan mode with scan rate of 2° min-1.
Increase in the intensity of the peaks with c.d., without changing the phase angle indicates that only composition of the coating alters with c.d. without any change in the phase structures.
The phase structure of Sn-Ni coatings were found to be independent of the c.d. at which they are deposited, except the intensity of peaks in relation to their composition.

It is not possible to meet this broad range of requirements with any single material with a predefined surface chemistry and structure.
The diffraction patterns of the as-deposited coating revealed the B1 NaCl-type structure with (111), (200) and (220) peaks located at 37.9°, 43.7° and 63.9°, respectively.
XRD peaks related to Si3N4 of the as-deposited coating were not shown due to amorphous structure existed in the coating.
The spectra of the heat-treated films exhibit the same crystal structures; however, the 800 ◦C heat-treated specimen has the Cr2N phase, which is consistent with the XPS spectrum results [9].
XRD analysis of the thin films, with varying temperature, shows that the CrAlSiN coatings treated beyond 800 oC retain the same structure after annealing treatment.

In order to produce porous structure for filter application, it is important to determine an appropriate pore structure where by one of the parameters that could influence is sintering temperature.
These SEM results show that the ceramic material was comprised of interconnected voids surrounded by web structure and these structures making them to face foam collapsing problem.
Fig. 2: SEM results of porous cordierite sintered at 1200°C The example of pores structure surround with web structure is shown clearly in the Fig. 3.
Thus, the structure cannot be complete form according to the shape and the structure of the sponge.
Das: Materials Chemistry and Physics 67 (2001) 146-150 [6] F.