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Online since: April 2019
Authors: Jessica Jorge Gordo, Verónica Schiriati, Sandra Amado, Pedro Morouço, Artur Mateus, Paula Pascoal-Faria
These limitations, which limit patient's ability to walk [1,3], impact families and – without proper adaptations - may lead to restricted participation in daily life, affecting social relations and education [4,5].
Some studies [4,6,13] shared the concern about the negative impact of wearing orthoses in children, such as: pain, discomfort, circulatory impairment [8] satisfaction with the orthosis [4,13] and stiffness measured with the Bi-articular Reciprocal Universal Compliance Estimator (BRUCE), which is a recently developed device for measuring mechanical AFO properties [3,4,17].
This is a significant limitation because it doesn’t capture the complexity of environmental factors encountered at home and within the community (i.e., stairs and ramps).
It would be beneficial to include variations of these factors in the evaluation of gait.
Considering this lack of information, the different effects of AFOs on gait efficiency as reported in the literature might be partly explained by the personal and environmental factors and even by the AFOs mechanical properties, like the type of material, the coating and also the stiffness [5,12,13].
Some studies [4,6,13] shared the concern about the negative impact of wearing orthoses in children, such as: pain, discomfort, circulatory impairment [8] satisfaction with the orthosis [4,13] and stiffness measured with the Bi-articular Reciprocal Universal Compliance Estimator (BRUCE), which is a recently developed device for measuring mechanical AFO properties [3,4,17].
This is a significant limitation because it doesn’t capture the complexity of environmental factors encountered at home and within the community (i.e., stairs and ramps).
It would be beneficial to include variations of these factors in the evaluation of gait.
Considering this lack of information, the different effects of AFOs on gait efficiency as reported in the literature might be partly explained by the personal and environmental factors and even by the AFOs mechanical properties, like the type of material, the coating and also the stiffness [5,12,13].
Online since: October 2014
Authors: Tao Li, Eng Yu Zhu, Chang Jin Wu, Jian Xun Fu
The standard mechanical properties of HRB500 are shown in Table 1.
Thus, TMCP contributes a lot to the mechanical property of steels
The austenite microstructure, condition of phase transformation, precipitation of carbide and mechanical properties are dominated by cooling process during hot-rolling production.
The factors that influence the properties of steels after remaining heat treatment are: finish rolling temperature, self-tempering temperature, cooling period and cooling speed[7-8].
The effect of inclusion on mechanical properties of steel[J], British Iron and Steel Research, 1988: 55-79 [6] Linxiu Du, Hua Ding, Xianghua Liu, Guodong Wang.
Thus, TMCP contributes a lot to the mechanical property of steels
The austenite microstructure, condition of phase transformation, precipitation of carbide and mechanical properties are dominated by cooling process during hot-rolling production.
The factors that influence the properties of steels after remaining heat treatment are: finish rolling temperature, self-tempering temperature, cooling period and cooling speed[7-8].
The effect of inclusion on mechanical properties of steel[J], British Iron and Steel Research, 1988: 55-79 [6] Linxiu Du, Hua Ding, Xianghua Liu, Guodong Wang.
Online since: August 2013
Authors: Yan Zhang, Hai Wei Xie
Influence Factors of Formation of Acid Rain
SO2 and NOX are the major precursors of acid rain, and they can convert into H2SO4 and HNO3 by homogeneous oxidation and heterogeneous oxidation in atmosphere.
However the following aspects are also important factors in the formation process of acid rain.
Climatic Factors.
First, the physical and chemical properties of soil can be changed by acid rain which can affect the growth of plants indirectly.
In addition, acid rain can affect the rate of seed germination.
However the following aspects are also important factors in the formation process of acid rain.
Climatic Factors.
First, the physical and chemical properties of soil can be changed by acid rain which can affect the growth of plants indirectly.
In addition, acid rain can affect the rate of seed germination.
Online since: January 2010
Authors: Masahiro Okumiya, W. Khalifa, Yoshiki Tsunekawa
These phases constitute an important part of the microstructure in the Al-Si alloys, because the
particles formed during casting may influence the soundness of components and material properties
during subsequent fabrication steps or in service.
For example, the β-AlFeSi platelike phase has a detrimental influence on the alloy properties: these platelets act as potential sites for crack initiation that may result in decohesion failures [1].
On the other hand, the properties of cast Al-Si alloys containing large fraction of eutectic are largely determined by the size and morphology of the brittle eutectic Si.
Modification of eutectic Si phase from coarse acicular to fine, uniform and fibrous morphology is, therefore, of favorable effect on the mechanical properties of theses alloys.
Therefore, it believed that the refinement is not mainly due to formation of solidified alloy particles during ultrasonic treatment, but rather due to the contribution of several factors, which may include the activation of the uncontrolled inclusions, oxide particles and inactive grain refiner particles; the formation of solidified alloy particles; and maybe other factors.
For example, the β-AlFeSi platelike phase has a detrimental influence on the alloy properties: these platelets act as potential sites for crack initiation that may result in decohesion failures [1].
On the other hand, the properties of cast Al-Si alloys containing large fraction of eutectic are largely determined by the size and morphology of the brittle eutectic Si.
Modification of eutectic Si phase from coarse acicular to fine, uniform and fibrous morphology is, therefore, of favorable effect on the mechanical properties of theses alloys.
Therefore, it believed that the refinement is not mainly due to formation of solidified alloy particles during ultrasonic treatment, but rather due to the contribution of several factors, which may include the activation of the uncontrolled inclusions, oxide particles and inactive grain refiner particles; the formation of solidified alloy particles; and maybe other factors.
Online since: November 2011
Authors: Sachin Lomte, Ajay Likhite, Dilip Peshwe, Chandrashekhar Gogte
While it has been established that CT improves the wear properties in some steels, the mechanism of this behavioral aspect is not yet fully known.
Most work has been focused on AISI M2 high speed steel related to the effect on different properties, but the microstructural change is not yet conclusively identified.
The factors affecting wear resistance of the high speed steels are related to microstructure [1, 2].
[5] A.Molinari, M.Pellizzari, S.Gialanella, G.Straffelini, K.H.Stiasney, Effect of deep cryogenic treatment on the Mechanical properties of tool steels, Journal of Material Processing Technology 118 (2001) 350-355
[6] V.Leskovsek, B.Ule, Influence of Deep Cryogenic Treatment on Microstructure, Mechanical Properties and Dimensional Changes of Vacuum Heat-Treated High speed Steel, Heat Treatment of Metals, 2002.3 pp. 72-76
Most work has been focused on AISI M2 high speed steel related to the effect on different properties, but the microstructural change is not yet conclusively identified.
The factors affecting wear resistance of the high speed steels are related to microstructure [1, 2].
[5] A.Molinari, M.Pellizzari, S.Gialanella, G.Straffelini, K.H.Stiasney, Effect of deep cryogenic treatment on the Mechanical properties of tool steels, Journal of Material Processing Technology 118 (2001) 350-355
[6] V.Leskovsek, B.Ule, Influence of Deep Cryogenic Treatment on Microstructure, Mechanical Properties and Dimensional Changes of Vacuum Heat-Treated High speed Steel, Heat Treatment of Metals, 2002.3 pp. 72-76
Online since: February 2008
Authors: Ling Hong Guo, Shan Shan Wei, Yi Ping Tian, Hui Li, Qiang Cheng
Pilliar reported that CPP exhibited better mechanical properties and degradability
compared with HA [3, 4].
A universal testing machine was used to characterize the mechanical property at room temperature.
It indicated that the presence of Ca2P2O7 affected the CPP crystallization, and induced the amorphous CPP to transfer to crystalline CPP.
The XRD results show that the Ca/P ratios were important factors in phase structures of the ground powders and sintered ceramics, and there was obvious interaction between [Ca(PO3)2]n and Ca2P2O7 in sintering process.
Figure 3 indicated that sintering temperature and Ca/P ratios had significant influence on the mechanical properties of the ceramics.
A universal testing machine was used to characterize the mechanical property at room temperature.
It indicated that the presence of Ca2P2O7 affected the CPP crystallization, and induced the amorphous CPP to transfer to crystalline CPP.
The XRD results show that the Ca/P ratios were important factors in phase structures of the ground powders and sintered ceramics, and there was obvious interaction between [Ca(PO3)2]n and Ca2P2O7 in sintering process.
Figure 3 indicated that sintering temperature and Ca/P ratios had significant influence on the mechanical properties of the ceramics.
Online since: December 2014
Authors: Jiu Nan Xu, Zhi Xin Hu, Ling Xiao Weng
Fan parameters can affect the performance.
Overview of Fan Flow Field Simulation and the Noise based on CFD Software CFD numerical simulation calculation is a complicated process, accurate calculation is influenced by many factors, including the size of grid, boundary settings and computer software and hardware equipment [3, 4].
-dp/BMODULUS)*sqrt(BMODULUS/rho_ref); return a;} DEFINE_SDOF_PROPERTIES(test_box, prop, dt, time, dtime) {prop[SDOF_MASS] = 666.66; prop[SDOF_IXX] = 129.6296; prop[SDOF_IYY] = 111.1111; prop[SDOF_IZZ] = 129.6296; printf ("\n2d_test_box: Updated 6DOF properties");} …… CFD Simulation Calculation for Fan Flow Field and Noise In order to verify the validity and reliability of the fan flow field and noise model designed in the second part, this paper selects the true fan as the research object, mainly by numerical simulation and experimental simulation to verify the accuracy of CFD.
Chinese mechanical engineering, 2011, 19(2): 160-162
Fuzzy finite element optimization of the complex mechanical structure.
Overview of Fan Flow Field Simulation and the Noise based on CFD Software CFD numerical simulation calculation is a complicated process, accurate calculation is influenced by many factors, including the size of grid, boundary settings and computer software and hardware equipment [3, 4].
-dp/BMODULUS)*sqrt(BMODULUS/rho_ref); return a;} DEFINE_SDOF_PROPERTIES(test_box, prop, dt, time, dtime) {prop[SDOF_MASS] = 666.66; prop[SDOF_IXX] = 129.6296; prop[SDOF_IYY] = 111.1111; prop[SDOF_IZZ] = 129.6296; printf ("\n2d_test_box: Updated 6DOF properties");} …… CFD Simulation Calculation for Fan Flow Field and Noise In order to verify the validity and reliability of the fan flow field and noise model designed in the second part, this paper selects the true fan as the research object, mainly by numerical simulation and experimental simulation to verify the accuracy of CFD.
Chinese mechanical engineering, 2011, 19(2): 160-162
Fuzzy finite element optimization of the complex mechanical structure.
Online since: June 2008
Authors: J.H. Lee, Gab Chul Jang, E.H. Choi, H.C. Park, Chin Hyung Lee, Young Eui Shin, Sang Hyong Lee, Kyong Ho Chang, Jong Min Kim
Introduction
In old and decrepit steel bridges, subjected to ever-increasing traffic loads, cracks and corrosion
are frequently develop because of numerous aggressive environmental factors.
Mechanical properties and Chemical composition of weld metal PASS Current (A) Voltage (V) Velocity (mm/sec) 1 240 28 4.5 2 220 30 3.8 Turn over (Gausing) 3 240 26 4.7 4 220 28 3.7 Table 2.
Based on the specification of the Korean Standards(KS), samples used for chemical composition analysis were cut from the base metal (BM), heat affected zone (HAZ), and fusion zone (FZ), respectively.
In the heat affected zone (HAZ), significant hardening did not occur.
Samples used for micro-structural analysis were cut from the base metal (BM), heat affected zone (HAZ), and fusion zone (FZ).
Mechanical properties and Chemical composition of weld metal PASS Current (A) Voltage (V) Velocity (mm/sec) 1 240 28 4.5 2 220 30 3.8 Turn over (Gausing) 3 240 26 4.7 4 220 28 3.7 Table 2.
Based on the specification of the Korean Standards(KS), samples used for chemical composition analysis were cut from the base metal (BM), heat affected zone (HAZ), and fusion zone (FZ), respectively.
In the heat affected zone (HAZ), significant hardening did not occur.
Samples used for micro-structural analysis were cut from the base metal (BM), heat affected zone (HAZ), and fusion zone (FZ).
Online since: July 2013
Authors: Ying An, Yu Mei Ding, Wei Min Yang, Jian Qiang Wang, Kun Ma
Tadmor et al. [3-5] studied the mixing process of polymer in extruder with dumbbell model, and they thought that the rupture of solid particles depended on particle size, particle cohesion force, particle heap porosity, shear stress provided by polymer melt, the residence time of the solid particles in the polymer melt flow field and other factors.
In this model, the dispersive mixing properties are evaluated by a multi-factor accumulative size distribution function.
Based on these, the dispersive mixing process of black carbon/NR in mixing section of two-rotor mixer are simulated, and the influences of rotors’ rotational speed and mixing time on dispersive mixing properties are studied.
This conclusion is consistent with the theoretical analysis, and the simulative method using accumulative size distribution to evaluate the dispersive mixing properties is practicable and feasible.
PhD, Study on the Mixing Properties and Preparation of Carbon Nanotubes/Epoxy Resin Composites of Continuous Mixer, Beijing University of chemical Technology, (2011)
In this model, the dispersive mixing properties are evaluated by a multi-factor accumulative size distribution function.
Based on these, the dispersive mixing process of black carbon/NR in mixing section of two-rotor mixer are simulated, and the influences of rotors’ rotational speed and mixing time on dispersive mixing properties are studied.
This conclusion is consistent with the theoretical analysis, and the simulative method using accumulative size distribution to evaluate the dispersive mixing properties is practicable and feasible.
PhD, Study on the Mixing Properties and Preparation of Carbon Nanotubes/Epoxy Resin Composites of Continuous Mixer, Beijing University of chemical Technology, (2011)
Online since: March 2024
Authors: Elmir Bagirli, Hikmet Aliyev, Mehti Camalov
XLPE insulation serves as the primary sheathing material for these wires, owing to its notable thermal and mechanical properties.
The results obtained suggest that tanδ is a parameter influenced by multiple factors and is not solely dependent on a single variable.
Several factors can contribute to the escalation in partial discharge levels.
Dielectric Properties and beta-Relaxation in Cross-linked Polyethylene: Effect of Thermal Aging.
Ouyang, “The effect of accelerated water tree ageing on the properties of XLPE cable insulation”, IEEE Trans.
The results obtained suggest that tanδ is a parameter influenced by multiple factors and is not solely dependent on a single variable.
Several factors can contribute to the escalation in partial discharge levels.
Dielectric Properties and beta-Relaxation in Cross-linked Polyethylene: Effect of Thermal Aging.
Ouyang, “The effect of accelerated water tree ageing on the properties of XLPE cable insulation”, IEEE Trans.