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Introduction Surfactants are a kind of materials with suitable length of molecules chain, one end of which is a water-insoluble non-polar hydrocarbon, while the other end is a water-soluble polar radical [1].
Experimental Materials The starch was maize starch and was supplied by Xi’an starch factory.
Dey, “Interaction of anionic surfactant with polymeric nanoparticles of similar charge”, Journal of Colloid and Interface Science, vol. 350, no. 1, pp. 220-228, October 2010
Xu, “Starch-based completely biodegradable polymer materials”, Express Polymer Letters, vol. 3, pp.366–375, March 2009
Robert, “Starch-graft-copolymer latexes initiated and stabilized by ozonolyzed amylopectin”, Journal of Polymer Science, Part A: Polymer Chemistry, vol. 44, no. 20, pp. 5832-5845, October, 2006

International Journal of Minerals, Metallurgy and Materials, 2010,17(2):230-240
Journal of Functional Materials, 2012,4(23): 3308-3311
Journal of Materials Engineering and Performance, 2015,24:2556-2562
Journal of Materials Processing Technology, 2001, 119(1) :329-335
Journal of Functional Materials, 2019, 50(12):12113-12117.

[3] Nandy K., Chaudhuri S., Ganguly R., Puri I.K.: Analytical model for the magnetophoretic capture of magnetic microspheres in microfluidic devices / Journal of Magnetism and Magnetic Materials. 2008.
[5] Smistrup K., Hansen O., Bruus H., Hansen M.: Magnetic separation in microfluidic systems using microfabricated electromagnets – experiments and simulations / Journal of Magnetism and Magnetic Materials. 2005.
[6] Goleman R.: Macroscopic model of particles’ capture by the elliptic cross-section collector in magnetic separator / Journal of Magnetism and Magnetic Materials. 2004.
-X., Pardo E., Sanchez A.: Fluxmetric and magnetometric demagnetizing factors for cylinders / Journal of Magnetism and Magnetic Materials. 2006.
-L.: Inner demagnetization factor in polymer-bonded soft magnetic composites / Journal of Magnetism and Magnetic Materials. 2008.

Such materials have the advantages of wide resources of raw materials and good resistances against heat and corrosion, however also have disadvantages including demand of high sintering temperature, poor thermal shock resistance, short service life, and high cost of manufacture[4-7].
Experimental Materials.
The major raw materials, α-Al2O3, β-SiC, and PSZ (Y2O35.2wt%), were provided by Shandong Aluminum Corporation, Henan Dongda High-Temperature Energy-Saving Materials Co., Ltd. and Yixing 3-science Ultra-fine Powder Co., Ltd., respectively.
Nasrassah: International Journal of Thermal Sciences, Vol.47 (2008) No.7, p.825 [12] D.
Ge: Journal of Yangzhou Univensity Nataral Science Edition (In Chinese), Vol.5 (2002) No.1, p.40 [16] W.

Electrochemical discharge machining (ECDM) of metallic materials is based on synergetic action of anodic dissolution with erosive effect of electrical discharges in material removal process.
Drilling by ECDM can be applied for hard to be cut materials, when no drilling by chip cutting can be applied and no EDM machine is available.
Defence Science Journal. 57 (5) (2007) 765-770
Liao, Study of electrochemical discharge machining technology for slicing non-conductive brittle materials.
Journal of Materials Processing Technology. 149, 1-3 (2004) 363-369

Rahman3 1Faculty of Applied Sciences, UniversitiTeknologi MARA, 40450 Shah Alam, Selangor.Malaysia. 2Faculty of Applied Sciences, UniversitiTeknologi MARA, 02600 Arau, Perlis.
Malaysia. 3School of Materials Engineering, Universiti Malaysia Perlis, 02600 Jejawi, Perlis, Malaysia.
Materials and Methods Material Synthesis.
Applied Surface Science, (2004), 234(1-4), pp. 487–492
Advanced Materials Research, (2014), 896(3), pp.112–115

Considering the material strength influenced by all stress components, the theory could be widely used in different materials.Its mathematical expression was given by Eq. 1 and Eq. 2 [3]: (1a) (1b) (2) where and = strength theory function of Principal stress; , and= principal stress; , and =stretching, compression and shear yield stress of material respectively; =degree coefficient of the material fracture influenced by intermediate principal stress; =tension and compression ratio of the material.
Acknowledgement This research was supported by the Natural Science Foundation of China (41202191) and Shaanxi Provincial Natural Science Foundation (2011JM7002).
Journal of Northwestern Institute of Architectural Engineering（Natural Sciences），2001，18(2): 1-4
Journal of Materials in Civil Engineering，2001，13:209-215
Journal of Structural Engineering，2004，130(2):180-188

Before the melting started, all the materials should be dried at 200℃ for 1-2 hours.
Journal of Materials Processing Technology, 2001, 117:381-385
SAE International Journal of Materials and Manufacturing, 2009, 1(1):103-110
Materials Science and Engineering, 2008, 496(12): 159-168
Materials Science and Engineering, 2005, 21(5): 574-578

Elliott, Role of austenite in promoting ductility in an austempered ductile iron, Materials Science and Technology. 13 (1997) 319-326
Ohba, The relationship between fatigue strength and microstructure in an austempered Cu-Ni-Mn-Mo alloyed ductile iron, Journal of materials science. 32 (1997) 5383-5388
Putatunda, An investigation on the stability of austenite in austempered ductile cast iron(ADI), Materials Science & Engineering A. 626 (2015) 273-246
Valdés, Experimental study of thethermal stability of austempered ductile irons, Journal of Materials Engineering and Performance, 11 (2002) 519–526
Mannheim, Strain-induced martensite in ADI alloys, Journal of Materials Processing Technology, 3 (2003) 347-351

Materials and Methods Materials and Bacterial strains Cabbages (brassica oleracea var. capitata) were used as the raw material for the fermentation trials and were purchased from a supermarket in Harbin.
International Journal of Food Science & Technology, 2013, 48(2): 221-237
International Journal of Food Microbiology, 2010, 141(3): 156-164
Indian journal of microbiology, 2008, 48(3): 317-325
International Journal of Food Microbiology, 2009, 132(2): 79-90.