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Measures and mechanism of reinforcement of soft subgrade of high speed railway in operation Jiang WANG 1,a, Long-cai YANG 1,b 1Tongji University, cao’an road 4800 of Jiading dictrict Shanghai 201804 Key Laboratory of Road and Traffic Engineering of the Ministry of Education awnetease2006@126.com, byanglongcai@smmail.cn Key words: high speed railway; operation line; reinforcement; inclinced stratum; numerical analysis Abstract: Some subgrade of high-speed railway in operation occurred abnormal settlement,so need to reinforcement, however, the reinforcement measures and these mechanism have got little attention.
Introduction Some soft soil subgrade high-speed railway in operation have occurred large settlement which could leads to vehicle shake and comfortable or safety.
churning pile grounting existing CFG pile Fig.1 Reinforcement of typical section Mechanism analysis of different reinforcement measures Mechnism of grouting In consideration of the operation safety the grouting pressure should not be too high, otherwise the reinforcement may influence the smoothness of the railway.
Comptes Rendus 5’Congre’s International de Me’canique des Sols et das Tauvaux de Fondations
Chinese journal of geotechnical engineering, 2005,27(1):69~73

The pavement conditions play an important role in the traffic safety.
Selavo, in: International Conference on Distributed Computing in Sensor Systems and Workshops (2011)
Krotkov, in: IEEE/RSJ International Conference on Intelligent Robots and Systems, (1992)
Baek, in IEEE International Symposium on Consumer Electronics, (2009)
Newman, The International Journal of Robotics Research, Vol. 31, (2012) p. 675-687

The communication traffic between nodes is proportional to the cells number in boundary interface.
Fortin: Journal of non-newtonian fluid mechanics 60 (1995) 27–52
Spalding: International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer 15 (1972) 1787 – 1806
Issa: Journal of Computational Physics 62 (1986) 40 – 65
Phan-Thien: Journal of Rheology 22 (1978) 259

Therefore, it is significant to study the deformation law of longitudinal seam between shield tunnel segments for shield tunnel design and the safety of operation period.
Accordance with the theory calculation, and the reference of domestic and international values taken on shield tunnel, the shield tunnel project that has diameter greater than 10m, its magnitude of segment joint rotational stiffness is 105 kN·m/rad, and the maximum value is 8×105kN·m/rad
Vol.5 69-71, 81. (2003) (in Chinese) [2] Dongyang Zeng, Chuan He: Chinese Journal of Underground Space and Engineering.
(in Chinese) [6] Zhengrong Huang, Wei Zhu, Jinghua Liang: Shanghai international tunnel engineering Symposium.
Vol.2 544-552. (2000) (in Chinese) [7] Hehua Zhu, Maoyu Cui, Jingsong Yang: Journal of Geotechnical Engineering.

Methodology Pavement Condition Index (PCI) and International Roughness Index (IRI).
Table 1 Deducted items for PCI value Surveyed Types Detailed Decription of Cracking Use ASTM D6433 Deducted Items Manholes and Potholes Manholes and Potholes Pothole Patching Pathcing Pathcing Alligator Cracking Alligator Cracking, Block Cracking, Slippage Cracking Alligator Cracking Longitudinal and Transverse Cracking Edge Cracks, Reflection Cracks, Longitudinal and Transverse Cracks Longitudinal and Transverse Cracking Depression Bums and Sags, Depression, Corrugation, Rutting, Shoving, Swell Rutting International Roughness Index (IRI) is a standard to measure a cumulative amount of vertical displacement of longitudinal profile, which simulates a quarter-car vehicle response at traffic speed 80km/h.
According to the Road Traffic Safety Regulations, the speed limit on city roads is limited to 40-50 km/hr.
Kang, Nondestructive Evaluation of Thickness and Bearing Capacity of Roadway Pavement Structure, International Journal of Pavement Research and Technology, Volume 3, Issue6(2010), 326-334

The average traffic flow is the most in area B (Fig. 13, Fig. 14).
The average traffic fluctuations of B and C are basically the same.
Fig. 21 The average traffic flow map INFO of Science Building No. 4.
Journal of Architectural Education in Institutions of Higher Learning, Arch.
Seoul: Proceedings of the 9th International Space Syntax Symposium, 2013:104 :1-104 :18.

This entails a specific focus on scholarly articles published within the last decade in highly regarded journals.
Concrete blocks, pavers and kerbstones are mostly subject to live loading from pedestrian and car traffic.
Journal of Building Engineering, 38, 102213
Journal of Material Research and Technology, 13, 872-893
Journal of Building Engineering, 30, 101216

By the well seepage prevention performance, construction safety, time controllable and impacting surrounding environment scarcely, shield construction has become an important optional tunnel construction method in the fields of subway in China at present.
And establish the finite element numerical model approximation true as far as possible with repeated numerical simulation analysis in the soil deformation caused by the shield tunneling construction advance, to seek the rule of its displacement change and understanding the change of stratum’s stress and surface subsidence to ensure safety construction.
[2] PECK R B. : Proceedings of the 7th International Conference on Soil Me-chanics and Foundation Engineering, Mexico City: [s. n.](1969), p.225
[5] LOGANATHAN N, POULOS H G. : Journal of Geotechnical and Environmental Engineering Vol.124 (1998), p.846
[6] Fengxiang Zhang, Deming Fu, Guoxiang Yang, Zhaochi Xiang.in: Shield tunnel construction manual ,People's traffic press, Beijing(2005), in press [7] Jianhai Liu.

In case of stress and displacement increasing to certain extent, we must consider safety condition for traffic.
Lewis, "Coupling temperature to a double-porosity model of deformable porous media", International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering, vol 49, 2000, p.421-438
Roegiers, "Fluid flow and heat flow in deformable fractured porous media", International Journal of Engineering Science, vol 32, 1994, p.1615-1633

Characteristics of the Spatial and Temporal Variations of Ambient PM2.5 Concentration at Kaohsiung City Mei-Fang Lu1,a, Mei-Chuan Huang1,b, Kuang-Hung Cheng1,c, Jim Juimin Lin2,d 1 Institute of Engineering Science and Technology, National Kaohsiung First University of Science and Technology, Nanzih, Kaohsiung City, 811, Taiwan 2 Department of Safety, Health, and Environmental Engineering, National Kaohsiung First University of Science and Technology, Nanzih, Kaohsiung City, 811, Taiwan aemily@windsorw.com.tw, bjas@windsorw.com.tw, cu9415923@nkfust.edu.tw, denvelin@nkfust.edu.tw Keywords: spatial and temporal variation, PM2.5, Taiwan Abstract.
The industrial operation and busy traffic in Kaohsiung City have generated a substantial amount of pollutants [7], which threaten the health of people chronically exposed to these air pollutants, increasing social cost.
Data from the two traffic-type monitoring stations were eliminated in order to better capture the general PM2.5 concentration change of Kaohsiung City.
In the morning, because of an increase in traffic volume, PM2.5 concentration was higher.
Wichmann: International Journal of Hygiene and Environmental Health Vol. 207 (2004), p. 399