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Impeller is the core component of the turbocharger, its performance directly affects the service life, reliability of the engine and energy conservation and emission reduction.
In the thixocasting process of the impeller, 319s aluminium billet with 50% liquid was filled into the die accompanying with severe deformation, so it’s proper to use the viscosity data obtained by deformation method [6].
Otherwise, the viscosity data detected from rheometer (Couette and Searle) is better suitable in simulate rheocasting processing which has low solid fraction.
For better simulation result, we adopted SPSC measured data to establish 319s viscosity model.
So, in order to get better simulation result, we should adopt measured data to establish viscosity model

The experimental thermal conductivity data, which the modelling is based on, were obtained by the laser flash method.
The thermal conductivity of graphite was significantly temperature dependent [2] and consequently, an expected decrease of coefficient bT occurred as the temperature increased, due to the strong reduction of the thermal conductivity of graphite at high temperatures.
Thus, a reduction of the overall thermal conductivity of cast iron, i.e. a negative sign in front of coefficient cT, of cast iron is expected due to phonon and electron scattering from alloying elements in the metal.
At higher temperatures, the values of coefficient eT decreased, which point toward a lower reduction due to the presence of cementite.

Further reduction of holidays to maximum of 1 holiday per meter gives good reduction of corrosion probability.
In data, collected of 15 high performance concrete bridge decks the values ranged from 0.1×10-12 to 2.4×1012 [24]. 
Since this was not a large enough sample to form a histogram in during the preparation of the data [17], the distribution from normal Portland cement construction operations can be used with these as limits.
The reduction of corrosion initiation likelihood is dramatic.
The theoretical performance study incorporates the data sets from a bridge performance study made on the real life structures in the northeastern U.S.A., and shows the significance of the variables involved in the problem.

The microstructure of TiAl3 phases and relevant EDAX analysis data are shown in Fig. 3.
Furthermore, there were some of the graphite elements in the white TiAl3 phases, in which the TiC TiAl3 Table 1 The data of the EDAX in Fig. 2 (c) Elem Wt % At % C K 2.99 9.28 AlK 25.23 34.86 TiK 71.78 55.86 content is 1.47wt% as shown in Table.2.
(a) The white TiAl3 phase; (b) The EDAX analysis of the white TiAl3 phase Fig. 3 The SEM microstructure and the EDAX analysis of Al-5Ti-1C-RE master alloy prepared by the Rare Earth oxide Table. 2 The EDAX data of the Fig. 3 (b).
And the necessary reacting temperature of the Ce2O3 came from heat of the alumino-thermic-reduction reaction between the K2TiF6 and Al that generates abundant heat quantity.
Reaction procedure between CeO2 and carbon under condition of carbon thermal reduction [J].

The well-known correlation between porosity reduction and fracture strength improvement is confirmed.
However, few data are available on the evolution of their microstructure and mechanical properties with HIP processing conditions.
The well known correlation between porosity reduction and the increase in fracture strength [8,13] is clearly confirmed by comparing the porosity levels found in vacuum sintered samples with those HIPed at temperatures as low as 1000 ºC.
As the diffusion path for W and C is reduced, dissolution and reprecipitation would be enhanced and this thin Co film could migrate toward the smallest WC grain, driven by a reduction in the high WC-Co interfacial area.

SRZ causes a reduction of the load bearing cross section and is detrimental to the creep properties of thin-wall turbine airfoils.
The main detrimental effect of the SRZ is the reduction of the load-bearing section of the unaffected γ-γ' structure.
The reduction of the load-bearing section is almost certain to degrade the creep life significantly in the latest hollow HPT blades, as wall thickness becomes thinner.
Because ADP is based on the analysis of many actual data points for Ni-base SC superalloys, ADP appears to be more accurate than Thermo-Calc for Ni-base SC superalloys, especially for Ru containing alloys.

The empirical analysis of this study draws on data envelopment analysis (DEA).
Data envelopment analysis.
Data source and descriptive statistics.
The data set used in this study is available in Osiris database (www.bvdinfo.com/en-gb/our-products/data/international/osiris?
The efficiency measurement was based on data envelopment analysis (DEA).

Data preparation for CADWORK Data must be prepared in accordance with the requirements of the CADWORK package for workplace design.
The above data when prepared and saved in a file, were loaded by CADWORK to construct the workplace assembly layout from scratch.
Results and discussion The methods analysis of operations data incorporate relevant data for application of the importance principle; the frequency-of-use principle; the functional principle and the sequenceof-use principle of arrangement.
CADWORK employs these data to determine the priority of placing the bins in the workplace based on their priority products.
Fig 5 depicts the movement of all left bins to new locations without reduction in the cycle time.

Fabricated structures were ballistic tested and compared with open data on commercial armor made of titanium.
This increase was primarily due to the substantial reduction in porosity of the composites during HIP.
An additional positive effect can be expected from the possible reduction of stresses accumulated at the interfaces between adjacent layers of different compositions.
In addition, diffusion accelerated by HIP treatment provides a significant reduction in MMC porosity.
The protective characteristics of the manufactured layered structures have been compared with the open data on commercial titanium-based armors (Fig. 8).

In this study, tensile and compressive tests using specimens of pipes processed by torsion and back-torsion showed reduction the difference of yield stress.
Kind of the acquired data of tensile and compressive tests were displacement and load obtained from universal testing machine.
Seven measurements were taken at random locations on the specimens and five data were averaged from the data, excluding the maximum and minimum values.