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The samples were examined in a LEO VP 1530 FEG SEM equipped with a TSL EBSD which has the capacity to collect simultaneous EDS data.
Processing of the data was carried out using OIM analysis with the results presented as Inverse Pole Figure (IPF) maps or chemical EDS maps.
No cleaning algorithm was applied to any of the data collected.
The grey structure in Fig.3(a) appears to correlate with a reduction in the aluminium concentration within the pores.
The Mg map shows that the grey structure near to the cell walls has a slightly higher Mg concentration and a corresponding reduction in the Al concentration.

Complex modernization of local coordinate systems should be aimed at the solution of the following tasks: - inventory and reduction of the number of local coordinate systems; - minimizing the discrepancy between the parameters measured at the local site and the large-scale plan, by creating and implementing new methods for establishing local coordinate systems; - development of training materials to ensure the compatibility of spatial data in the local coordinate system while ensuring legally significant actions; - formation of the federal bank of coordinates of points of state networks in the high-precision geocentric coordinate system of the Russian Federation; - development and implementation of an effective mechanism for strengthening responsibility for the destruction of points of state geodetic networks.
This allows you to locate points in places that are favorable for their long-term preservation and convenient for subsequent use, at the same time there is no need to build expensive external geodetic signs; 3) reduction of the requirements for the density of the initial geodetic base, which makes it possible to drastically reduce the number of strong points; 4) simplicity of organization and high level of automation of work, the ability to perform work at any time of the day and any weather conditions.
To create a domestic GNSS receiver integrated with domestic INS on domestic components, as well as a program for processing data from domestic GNSS receivers.
It may be worth repealing the secrecy of coordinates and heights, taking into account even the public data of space imagery and terrain models. 5.

In situ physico-chemical data were measured in duplicate.
Partial sequences were assembled and the full-length sequences imported to a data base of over 50,000 16S rRNA primary structures by using the aligning tool of the ARB software package (http://www.arbhome.de).
Both 16S rRNA library and CARD-FISH data are in accord and show a strong correlation between the iron gradient and the prokaryotic communities inhabiting the different anoxic areas.
Since iron reduction is favoured when oxygen concentration is relatively low, iron reducing microorganisms are expected to be mainly associated with the sediments.
The main lessons that can be learned from the study of the anoxic sediments of Río Tinto are: i) anoxic conditions favor the reduction of iron, thus imparing the chemical oxidation of sulfides, ii) high ferric iron concentrations inhibit iron reducing activities.

The fatigue life reduction is the result of increased inelastic strain, positive mean stress evolution and time-dependent damages connected with the hold times [3,4].
Surface relief evolution and dislocation structure changes in the fatigue tests with hold times are not well documented in rare literature data [5.6].
Experimental data were fitted by the Basquin law: (1) where σ´f and b are fatigue strength coefficient and exponent, respectively.
Such stress development is not detrimental for fatigue lifetime thus no reduction of fatigue life is observed.
Our experimental data agree well with the results reported previously [4,5,8].

Effective maintenance of a tool equipped with CI of MCC is possible only at optimal parameters of the technology for sharpening and finishing, since formation of dangerous surface defects in the process of sharpening of MCC can cause a sharp decline in the strength of ceramic CI.In this regard, there is an urgent need to develop methods of further modification of surface properties of a tool of MCC to improve these properties and reduction (healing) of dangerous surface defects.
NMCCincludesthreelayers, and each of them has a strictly functional purpose: • externalwear-resistantlayer 1 contributestofavorable transformation of contact processes and provides maximum reduction of contact stresses and thermal effect of substrate of MCC; • intermediate layer 2 provides a strong adhesive bond between layers 1 and 3, and, besides, it can also perform other functions associated with inhibition of heat flow from cutting area to a tool, and diffusion of elements of the material being machined in the tool material (MCC); • adhesion-strengthening layer 3 provides formation of strong adhesion between the ceramic substrate and NMCC and also provides hardening and healing effects on thin near-surface layers of ceramic material.
In processing, flank wear land VB equal to 0.25 mm was assumed as a criterion of tool failure (it limited the area of "normal" wear).To obtain the necessary information about the components of the cutting forces PzandPy, the universal strain-gauge dynamometer UDM  600 and the computer programme for the complete processing of experimental data were used.
Results and discussion of experimental data Results of the experimental studies are presented in Fig. 2 and 3, and the analysis of these Figures reveals the following.
To develop a model of cutting, experimental data were processed on PC worked out under the program developed by the MSUT "STANKIN".Following the result of the experiments carried out and verification of the adequacy of the resulting model and evaluation of the significance of regression coefficients,the dependence of tool life on cutting modes of turning of steel XVGHRC45 was obtained for: VOK-200: T=23.64v0.22,min (2) VOK-200-(Ti-TiN) (standard technology arc-PVD); T=12.73v0.10,min (3) VOK-200-(Ti-TiN-TiCrAlN, FCVAD technology)T=36.47v1.03, min (4) Thebest result for wear resistance was shown by CI of VOK-200 with developed coating Ti-TiN-(TiCrAl)N (Fig.3).The presented figures show that with the increase of the cutting speed, tool life of all tested ceramic tools

Results Fig. 1 presents the data obtained during the extraction of substances by cooking of wood chips in distilled water with or without the use of ultrasonic treatment.
The obtained data are listed in Tables 1,2,3.
Analysis of the data shows that with the increasing of time and temperature of treatment of crushed wood the strength of the cement particle board also increases.
The reduction of temperature of treatment twice at the expense of reduction of losses of thermal energy allows not only compensating the cost of ultrasonic processing, but also reducing the cost of production by 7%.

Standard Element / Property ASTM F2885-11 ASTM F136-13 AMS4928-U AMS4985-F Industry Medical Medical Aerospace Aerospace Process MIM Wrought Wrought Cast Nitrogen [%] 0.05 max 0.05 max 0.05 max 0.05 max Carbon [%] 0.08 max 0.08 max 0.08 max 0.10 max Hydrogen [%] 0.015 max 0.012 max 0.015 max 0.015 max Iron [%] 0.30 max 0.25 max 0.30 max 0.30 max Oxygen [%] 0.20 max 0.13 max 0.20 max 0.20 max Aluminum [%] 5.5 – 6.75 5.5 – 6.5 5.5 – 6.75 5.5 – 6.75 Vanadium [%] 3.5 – 4.5 3.5 – 4.5 3.5 – 4.5 3.5 – 4.5 Yttrium [%] 0.005 N/A 0.005 0.005 Titanium* [%] Balance Balance Balance Balance Ultimate Tensile Strength [MPa] 900 min 860 min 931 min 896 min Yield Strength [MPa] 830 min 795 min 862 min 827 min Elongation [%] 10 min 10 min 10 min 6 min Reduction of Area [%] 15 min 25 min 25 min N/A Overcoming the challenges of TiMIM is critical when commercializing the technology.
Since then, data has been collected and process improvements made to improve the capability of both chemistry and mechanical performance of the TiMIM material.
Below in Figure 5 are the results of 84 furnace runs and the capability of the average data.
Initial process validation results proved that the capability met the requirements and the long term data supports the earlier findings.
Praxis TiMIM Tensile Properties Property ASTM F2885 Minimum Requirement Minimum Result Ppk Result UTS [MPa] 900 958.4 25.29 Yield [MPa] 830 839.8 1.6 Elongation [%] 10 18 3.2 Reduction in Area [%] 15 30 3.14 Component Suitability Material Grade 5 titanium (Ti-6Al-4V) is a choice material for medical, aerospace and high-end consumer applications due to the two material characteristics: biocompatibility and strength to weight ratio.

The geometry is reconstructed layer-by-layer using a CO2 laser beam to sinter the layers according to the slice data.
As a result of particle coalescence, reduction in surface free energy is the main driving force for the sintering process [1].
Obtained data was analyzed in Matlab7.1 and surface roughness (Ra) was calculated.
Result data was expressed as mean±standard deviation.
Reduction in porosity within the designed solid regions for parts with smaller feature sizes is the result of higher energy density being delivered to a given surface area due the more frequent outline scans.

PV concentrator systems can increase the solar radiation intensity on the photovoltaic cells, decrease area of photovoltaic cells required which lead to a reduction in total system cost, if the cost of the concentrator is less than that of the area of photovoltaic cells replaced [5-6].
The five K-type thermocouples were connected to the data logger for recording the data every hour during the period of 6 am to 6 pm.
With an increase of the module temperature, phonons are excited due to the difficulty of the uniform movement of electrons and the reduction of efficiency of the module [9-10].
Fig. 4 Comparison of I–V and P–V curves with experimental data.

In the examined literature sources which deal with the opportunities concerning the optimization of the automated assembly processes of fixed threaded joints, not enough attention is paid to the reduction of the instrument’s energy consumption which is one of the main tasks in the industrial process because it directly impacts production costs.
Introduction In nowaday’s automated manufacturing, the question concerning electric power consumption reduction is of great interest, and it leaves its impact on the final product cost. 
The necessary hardware and software to process the measurements and data received in the course of the experiment are showed in the block diagram of the equipment (Fig. 1a).