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Among them, photocatalytic reduction seems the most intensively developed method.
Reduction of CO2 in the presence of water and NaOH solution photocatalyzed by TiO2 supported on a polymer, has been reported to produce methanol and methane, accompanied with formic acid and formaldehyde [13].
Improvement of the photocatalytic reduction of CO2 using a simpler method can also be conducted by a modification of TiO2.
Data in Fig. 2 can also be explained based on the band gap energy (Eg).
Fig. 5 demonstrates the enhancement of the methane yield from the CO2 photocatalytic reduction over TiO2/SiO2 in the addition of HCl and HNO3.

Because of the diversification of terrain,in order to avoid data conflict and attribute mapping errors,drilling data coding should be done at the very beginning.The geographic data is composed by spatial data and attributa data,and in order to realize the data processing,attributes match and texture mapping, spatial data and attributa data should be established a unique identifier.The original data is organized in Table.1: 1 2 3 4 Table.1 Data storage table Primary identification code Secondary identification code Project name Project location Pile code Core code Drill code drill code X Y Z D H P In the code above,XY stands for planar coordinate of drilling data，Z stands for the elevation of the terrane,D stands for the terrane that the drilling data belongs to,Hstands for auxiliary information and P stands for Image texture information.
Interpolation data is imported and integrated with the raw data until the interpolation precision is satisfactory.The grid data of Three-Dimensional geological model (X,Y,Z)will be composed of all the ready-processed data.
The surface modeling method of geological body generate virtual data through adopting reasonable data interpolation method.
Attribute data and texture data are added to constructe an approximate model of the geological body by simplified surface.
Visualization method is described as below: Use the advanced modelling nodes of VRML to to construct complex irregular graphics.First of all, elicit and elicit the interpolation data of the drill data, and process the data according to the VRML specification data format.

Descriptive analysis on data from 262 household’s paid water users, the study found that majority of Malaysian household’s WTP to be at the less than RM5; these consist of those who live in rural and suburban areas (not urban), those within all income categories (except for those earning between RM6001-RM9000), and those with education level less than Master and above degree.
From economic standpoint, water tariff is the key to profit generation and the reduction of inefficiency in the water value supply chain [1,4,9].
As consumers will be reluctant to pay for high tariff, their consumption of water will be only at the quantity that they need rather than being luxurious, thus, triggering reduction of water demand.
Respondent’s profile data suggested that majority of respondents were from the suburban areas (51.5%), of the male gender (53.1%), in the age group of 24-35 years old (42.4%), educated (44.7% have Bachelor degrees), earning an income between RM3001 RM6000 of monthly income (32.1%), and come from a household size of between two to four persons (47.7%).
A cross-tabulation carried out on data based on area of stay found that the majority from the 108 respondents who indicated their WTP were less than RM5 were from the rural (21) and suburban areas (59).

Origins of the DLTS peaks were proposed and a correlation with the dislocation-related photoluminescence data was established based on known dislocation structure of the samples.
Therefore, in combination with the known structure of DN these allow straightforwardly interpret DLTS-results and compare them with the data obtained by other experimental methods, such as photoluminescence.
It should be noted that while a good correspondence between the distances calculated from Eq. 1 and TEM data was found for the small, i.e. 1-3°, misorientation angles, application of Eq. 1 for the larger angles (6° and 30° in our case) is ambiguous due to disturbances of dislocation network caused by the overlapping of the dislocation strain fields.
With the increasing of the twist angle to 6° and further to 30°, defects having deep levels become dominating in DLTS-spectra and that is accompanied with the drastic reduction of DRL D1 peak.
The reduction of D1 is not related to increase of the non-radiative recombination, since the enhancement of BB luminescence was observed in these samples, see Fig. 1 and [7].

These available guidance for mitigating debonding failure of externally bonded fiber reinforced polymer composites applied to concrete is evaluated based on data obtained from experimental programs.
Reliability of FRP contribution to flexural strength is addressed by incorporating an additional strength reduction factor for FRP ψf in addition to the strength reduction factor f per ACI 318-08 for structural concrete.

In recent years, the SCADA (supervisory control and data acquisition) systems are applied widely for water distribution networks, where the auto-control valves are used to reduce the excessive water pressure of each node for further leakage control.
To the entire water supply network, pressure reduction can be achieved in a number of ways, such as reducing pumping heads, establishing pressure zones through the use of a variety of pressure-reducing valves, and installing break-pressure tanks and so on.
Whereas, these ways just can cause the whole systemic pressure reduction, and are inefficient to the condition where the local pressure is high.

As a result, the distribution of equivalent plastic strain, equivalent plastic strain rate, temperature and equivalent von Mises stress estimated using the expanding cavity model was in good agreement with the data obtained from the finite element analysis.
These indentations result in a reduction of the fatigue life of these blades due to stress concentration and residual stress.
To prevent the reduction of the fatigue life, it is required that the indentation size produced by a high-velocity impingement of a small solid object are accurately predicted.

Moreover, the cracks width and the deflection of the beam at the corroded segment are calculated through using formula and extracting the results data from ANSYS.
It leads to reduction of the mechanical bite force between rebar and concrete.
At the same time, the rebar cross-sectional area reduction and yield strength decreased caused by the rebar corrosion is taken into account.

Introduction Visualization techniques, either through Principal Component Analysis (PCA) or Principal Component Variable Grouping (PCVG) algorithms, are good unsupervised or semi-supervised linear dimensionality reduction and pattern classification techniques [6-8, 10-11, 14-16], which in this paper, are used to pre-process the data before Schema Enumerated Trees (i.e.
SETs) after investigating the data features and characteristics in the datasets [1, 3-5] before applying AdaBoost ensemble.
This is because testing data sets are validation sets which may be further affected by outliers and/or noisy data and/or additional features after the optimal level is reached, while further splitting tree nodes causes the training data sets purer which usually incurs fewer training errors or resubstitution errors.
Pei, Data mining concepts and techniques, third ed., Elsevier, Morgan Kaufmann, USA (2012) 17-27, 248-273, 461-488
Mitra, Pattern recognition algorithms for data mining, Chapman & Hall, Florida, USA, CRC Press LLC, 2004, pp. 165-168, 170-174

To regulate the influence of Eigen-FLS when data from a test speaker for eigen-decomposition is improper, this paper proposes an EigenMLLR-like Eigen-FLS approach.
The linear interpolation technique utilized in this work is particularly useful to deal with the problem of sparse training data for FLS model establishments.
Only the first K eigenfls are kept and are significant because they possess the most information from speech data, thus being capable of representing all considered variations.
However, sufficient adaptation data is required to ensure accurate MLLR transformation estimation.
The robustness of the estimated Eigen-FLS model using Eq. (4) for a new speaker against a relatively small number of training data could then be ensured.