Sort by:
Publication Type:
Open access:
Publication Date:
Periodicals:
Search results
Online since: January 2016
Authors: Dagnija Loca, Kristine Salma-Ancane, Liga Stipniece, Sintija Pastare
XRD results are supported by the data of BET analysis summarized in Table 2.
The SSA measurements show primary particle size increasing for low concentrations of incorporated Sr followed by reduction for higher concentration of Sr incorporated into the HAp lattice.
Table 2 BET data of the Sr-substituted HAp powders Sample designation SSA [m2/g] dBET [nm] 1_HAp 47 40 1_HAp_Sr2 45 42 1_HAp_Sr10 54 35 2_HAp 47 40 2_HAp_Sr2 43 44 2_HAp_Sr10 47 40 3_HAp 82 23 3_HAp_Sr2 79 24 3_HAp_Sr10 83 23 The samples were collected in the form of a suspensions after synthesis to investigate the morphology of as-synthesized Sr-substituted HAp powders using SEM.
Brunauer–Emmett–Teller data showed an initial increasing of primary particles followed by a reduction with higher concentration of Sr substitutions in the products.
The SSA measurements show primary particle size increasing for low concentrations of incorporated Sr followed by reduction for higher concentration of Sr incorporated into the HAp lattice.
Table 2 BET data of the Sr-substituted HAp powders Sample designation SSA [m2/g] dBET [nm] 1_HAp 47 40 1_HAp_Sr2 45 42 1_HAp_Sr10 54 35 2_HAp 47 40 2_HAp_Sr2 43 44 2_HAp_Sr10 47 40 3_HAp 82 23 3_HAp_Sr2 79 24 3_HAp_Sr10 83 23 The samples were collected in the form of a suspensions after synthesis to investigate the morphology of as-synthesized Sr-substituted HAp powders using SEM.
Brunauer–Emmett–Teller data showed an initial increasing of primary particles followed by a reduction with higher concentration of Sr substitutions in the products.
Online since: October 2007
Authors: Tadeusz Siwecki, Göran Engberg, Zu Qing Sun, X.T. Wang, Z.L. Yu
Reduction of storage energy
is driving force and grain boundary plays as restrainer.
The interior grains follow coarsening mechanism and the reduction of grain boundary is driving force.
Experimental 0.0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1.0 1 10 100 1000 Time (sec) Volume fraction recrystallized, fx Calculated Experimental Fig.1 Predicted and experimental recrystallized grain size and volume fraction of 304L steel 0 0.5 1 1 10 100 1000 10000 Time [s] Fraction recrystallized, fx x o ∆∆∆∆ Experimental __________ Calculated Tdef =1050 o C ε=0.40ε=0.40ε=0.40ε=0.40 dε/ε/ε/ε/dt=2s -1 doγ =180µm 300µm 520µm 0.0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1.0 1 10 100 Time (sec) Volume fraction recrystallized, fx Calc 1000C Exp. 1000C Clac 1100C Exp. 1100C 0 0.5 1 1 10 100 1000 10000 Time [s] Fraction recrystallized, fx x o ∆∆∆∆ Experimental __________ Calculated 0.2 0.1 Tdef =1050 oC doγγγγ =220µµµµm dεεεε/dt=2s -1 ε=0.4 0.0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1.0 1 10 100 Time (sec) Volume fraction recrystallized, fx Calc 0.5s-1 Exp. 0.5s-1 Clac 5s-1 Exp. 5s-1 Fig.2, Verification of initial grain size and strain effects, experimental data
from Siwicki [9] Fig.3, Verification of temperature and strain rate effects, experimental data from Cho [10] Results and Discussion The austenite stainless steels were selected to verify the recrystallization model, because there is no phase transformation during cooling of the samples from high temperature.
The initial austenite grain size and strain effects are verified by experimental data of 317LMN steel from Siwicki [9] (Fig.3).
The interior grains follow coarsening mechanism and the reduction of grain boundary is driving force.
Experimental 0.0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1.0 1 10 100 1000 Time (sec) Volume fraction recrystallized, fx Calculated Experimental Fig.1 Predicted and experimental recrystallized grain size and volume fraction of 304L steel 0 0.5 1 1 10 100 1000 10000 Time [s] Fraction recrystallized, fx x o ∆∆∆∆ Experimental __________ Calculated Tdef =1050 o C ε=0.40ε=0.40ε=0.40ε=0.40 dε/ε/ε/ε/dt=2s -1 doγ =180µm 300µm 520µm 0.0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1.0 1 10 100 Time (sec) Volume fraction recrystallized, fx Calc 1000C Exp. 1000C Clac 1100C Exp. 1100C 0 0.5 1 1 10 100 1000 10000 Time [s] Fraction recrystallized, fx x o ∆∆∆∆ Experimental __________ Calculated 0.2 0.1 Tdef =1050 oC doγγγγ =220µµµµm dεεεε/dt=2s -1 ε=0.4 0.0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1.0 1 10 100 Time (sec) Volume fraction recrystallized, fx Calc 0.5s-1 Exp. 0.5s-1 Clac 5s-1 Exp. 5s-1 Fig.2, Verification of initial grain size and strain effects, experimental data
from Siwicki [9] Fig.3, Verification of temperature and strain rate effects, experimental data from Cho [10] Results and Discussion The austenite stainless steels were selected to verify the recrystallization model, because there is no phase transformation during cooling of the samples from high temperature.
The initial austenite grain size and strain effects are verified by experimental data of 317LMN steel from Siwicki [9] (Fig.3).
Online since: April 2009
Authors: John Drennan, David H. StJohn, Matthew S. Dargusch, Alexander Buddery, Samih Nabulsi
The seam weld metal generally undergoes an increase in tensile and yield strength at
the expense of a sever reduction in ductility [6,7].
Fatigue data is limited for titanium laser welding however for applications such as dental prosthesis and stents this is an important property.
Roggensack et al. demonstrated a significant reduction in fatigue strength for laser welds in the order of 40% [10].
Bend tests however give limited elongation data and little work has gone into comparing notched and un-notched tests.
These problems make it hard to infer comprehensive mechanical property data.
Fatigue data is limited for titanium laser welding however for applications such as dental prosthesis and stents this is an important property.
Roggensack et al. demonstrated a significant reduction in fatigue strength for laser welds in the order of 40% [10].
Bend tests however give limited elongation data and little work has gone into comparing notched and un-notched tests.
These problems make it hard to infer comprehensive mechanical property data.
Online since: November 2012
Authors: Luís G. Reis, Manuel de Freitas, Bin Li, Vitor Anes
Furthermore, the sequential effect and damage accumulation have also been studied with experimental data [6-9].
Moreover, adding the loading case 3 to the comparison, the results indicate a reduction in fatigue life.
This reduction results from the axial full reversion present in the loading path, leading to conclude that the sequential effect results mainly from the axial component of the loading.
For the loading cases 3, 3.1 and 3.2 the critical plane is at 0º which is coherent with the loading paths, but for the case 3.3A, where the shear component is half reduced, the F-S model indicates critical planes at ±45º which is different from the obtained experimental data.
The obtained data clearly show that the axial/torsion sequence and the stress ratio have a strong influence in the 42CrMo4 fatigue strength.
Moreover, adding the loading case 3 to the comparison, the results indicate a reduction in fatigue life.
This reduction results from the axial full reversion present in the loading path, leading to conclude that the sequential effect results mainly from the axial component of the loading.
For the loading cases 3, 3.1 and 3.2 the critical plane is at 0º which is coherent with the loading paths, but for the case 3.3A, where the shear component is half reduced, the F-S model indicates critical planes at ±45º which is different from the obtained experimental data.
The obtained data clearly show that the axial/torsion sequence and the stress ratio have a strong influence in the 42CrMo4 fatigue strength.
Online since: June 2012
Authors: Yu Liang Liu, Lin Guang Zhang, Li Yan, Hui Wu Yu
The micro-structures and deformation texture of Ti-Nb-Ta-Zr alloy during rolling deformation were studied to provide experimental data for the application of the alloy in this paper.
In this study, the original state specimen before rolling as standard sample, the crystal surface density parameters can be measured by the crystal face diffraction intensity data.
Axis density data indicates that no significant texture is formed on the sample after deformation of 40%.
High density of dislocations and a small amount of twins are on the local grains of the sample with 40% rolling reduction.
High-density dislocation cells formed the sub-grain block on the samples with rolling reduction of 92%. 3. {100} plate texture gradually formed during rolling deformation process.
In this study, the original state specimen before rolling as standard sample, the crystal surface density parameters can be measured by the crystal face diffraction intensity data.
Axis density data indicates that no significant texture is formed on the sample after deformation of 40%.
High density of dislocations and a small amount of twins are on the local grains of the sample with 40% rolling reduction.
High-density dislocation cells formed the sub-grain block on the samples with rolling reduction of 92%. 3. {100} plate texture gradually formed during rolling deformation process.
Online since: October 2014
Authors: Nicoleta Rachieru, Nadia Belu, Daniel Constantin Anghel
Nervous fatigue manifests itself by: reducing accuracy and movement speed reduction reduced visual precision, reduction reactions, headache, dizziness and insomnia.
Table 1 – The set of data Training Testing Parameters 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 1 2 3 4 Temperature [ºC] 21 40 40 25 22 50 46 21 33 15 9 23 37 30 25 40 Humidity [%] 40 55 60 35 40 90 80 40 67 40 67 40 75 55 30 55 Noise [dB] 20 60 50 50 40 110 100 60 70 60 40 40 90 60 40 60 Lighting [lux] 600 200 400 500 800 30 40 300 125 125 100 600 60 200 600 125 Ranking of workspace 1 0.4 0.5 0.9 1 0 0.1 0.7 0.3 0.5 0.2 0.9 0.2 0.5 0.9 0.3 The mains parameters of training are: · The learning rate =0,60; · The target error =0,1; For the test parameters, the network predicted the following values: 0.5à 0,5575; 0.2à 0,0996; 0.9à 0,877 and 0.3à 0,5543.
The values predicted by the neural network according a set of data For a complete view of the analyzed workstation, it is necessary to provide to the actors involved in the redesign process a dashboard with all the tasks realized at the workstation, by the human operator, figure 5.
As it can be seen from the experimental results, the designed feed forward neural network recognizes very well the test data.
Table 1 – The set of data Training Testing Parameters 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 1 2 3 4 Temperature [ºC] 21 40 40 25 22 50 46 21 33 15 9 23 37 30 25 40 Humidity [%] 40 55 60 35 40 90 80 40 67 40 67 40 75 55 30 55 Noise [dB] 20 60 50 50 40 110 100 60 70 60 40 40 90 60 40 60 Lighting [lux] 600 200 400 500 800 30 40 300 125 125 100 600 60 200 600 125 Ranking of workspace 1 0.4 0.5 0.9 1 0 0.1 0.7 0.3 0.5 0.2 0.9 0.2 0.5 0.9 0.3 The mains parameters of training are: · The learning rate =0,60; · The target error =0,1; For the test parameters, the network predicted the following values: 0.5à 0,5575; 0.2à 0,0996; 0.9à 0,877 and 0.3à 0,5543.
The values predicted by the neural network according a set of data For a complete view of the analyzed workstation, it is necessary to provide to the actors involved in the redesign process a dashboard with all the tasks realized at the workstation, by the human operator, figure 5.
As it can be seen from the experimental results, the designed feed forward neural network recognizes very well the test data.
Online since: January 2015
Authors: Chun Tan, Wei Sui, Shuang Xu, Yan Ping Li, Dong He Ma, Zhi Fa Ma, Zhong Fu Liu
Currently, there are mainly two ways to select the shear strength parameters of weak interlayer, first is engineering analogy method, commonly used for the planning of small and medium projects or major projects under feasibility study stage trial data insufficient; Second is test values reduction, mainly for large projects.
In the process of parameter selection, specific to what kind of test is standard, using how much of the reduction factor, scholars view is inconsistent.
(2) The distribution of weak interlayer A large number of exploration data prove, Datengxia dam bedrock weak interlayer is very developed.
Field data statistic results show that: Datengxia dam foundation weak interlayer density, thickness, extended and complex situation.
In the process of parameter selection, specific to what kind of test is standard, using how much of the reduction factor, scholars view is inconsistent.
(2) The distribution of weak interlayer A large number of exploration data prove, Datengxia dam bedrock weak interlayer is very developed.
Field data statistic results show that: Datengxia dam foundation weak interlayer density, thickness, extended and complex situation.
Online since: October 2013
Authors: Lei Liu, Ying Cao, Mo Cao, La Jun Feng, Ai Jun Yan, Wen Ning Shen
This allowed a reduction in sewage water volume to an amount less than the ambient consumptive capacity.
In accordance with the principle of "reduction, resources, harmless", it improved the efficiency of the wastewater recycling process.
It collects data and transports the information to the remote monitoring center.
It transmits data through advanced 3G technology.
In order to ensure data security and real-time operations, all of the substation equipment is logically divided into a multiple segments relationship.
In accordance with the principle of "reduction, resources, harmless", it improved the efficiency of the wastewater recycling process.
It collects data and transports the information to the remote monitoring center.
It transmits data through advanced 3G technology.
In order to ensure data security and real-time operations, all of the substation equipment is logically divided into a multiple segments relationship.
Online since: December 2013
Authors: Fei Fei Tan, Zhao Hua Lu
The data of energy consumption and population statistics will be used to calculate the annual consumption per capita for the energy items, with the coal species, petroleum, natural gas and electricity considered.
In the light of availability of statistical data, some modifications will be added in the calculate process, as described next.
It is clearly perceived that the ecocapacity had little variation during the study period from the integration of the data of energy footprint per capita in table 1 and energy deficit in figure 1.Meanwhile, the energy deficit in 2010 was 1.87 times as large as the one in 2001, demonstrating that the energy demand had been considerably larger than ecocapacity in the natural ecosystems of Jing-Jin-Ji region.
The Jing-Jin-Ji region had responded to a nation called on to strength energy saving and generalize new techniques to implement energy saving and emission reduction, which is also deemed to agree to the actuality.
In the “eleventh five-year plan” period, the policy of energy saving and emission reduction was proposed and brought into performance evaluation system of the leading cadres gradually, therefore the most progress might be brought from the vigorously promotion of the policy and law-enforcing supervision in the aspect.
In the light of availability of statistical data, some modifications will be added in the calculate process, as described next.
It is clearly perceived that the ecocapacity had little variation during the study period from the integration of the data of energy footprint per capita in table 1 and energy deficit in figure 1.Meanwhile, the energy deficit in 2010 was 1.87 times as large as the one in 2001, demonstrating that the energy demand had been considerably larger than ecocapacity in the natural ecosystems of Jing-Jin-Ji region.
The Jing-Jin-Ji region had responded to a nation called on to strength energy saving and generalize new techniques to implement energy saving and emission reduction, which is also deemed to agree to the actuality.
In the “eleventh five-year plan” period, the policy of energy saving and emission reduction was proposed and brought into performance evaluation system of the leading cadres gradually, therefore the most progress might be brought from the vigorously promotion of the policy and law-enforcing supervision in the aspect.
Online since: August 2013
Authors: Jun Bing Huang, Can Jun Xiao, Yao Jin
An example of Intel real-world data evaluation process is used to explain this method.
Real data of evaluation for the manufacturing scheduling program based on the AHP The evaluation for the manufacturing scheduling program is a key issue for the Interl Corporation.
From this, it can be seen the reduction of the production risk is the most important factor of the manufacturing scheduling program.
Finally, the algorithm for the real data of the Intel corporatation is given. 1Supported by Si chuan Province technology Support Project(No. 2009GZ0159) References [1] WANG Zhong-jie, WU Qi-di.
Real data of evaluation for the manufacturing scheduling program based on the AHP The evaluation for the manufacturing scheduling program is a key issue for the Interl Corporation.
From this, it can be seen the reduction of the production risk is the most important factor of the manufacturing scheduling program.
Finally, the algorithm for the real data of the Intel corporatation is given. 1Supported by Si chuan Province technology Support Project(No. 2009GZ0159) References [1] WANG Zhong-jie, WU Qi-di.