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Normally, chitosan after processed into material devices was less thermal stable than native chitosan owing to a reduction of its crystallinity.
Small-broad exothermic peak was observed around 162°C in thermogram of CL (data not shown).
Lower thermal stability of CL and CLAlst than that of native chitosan was due to a reduction of crystallinity of their structure after fabricated.
Sample Stage of Thermal Event Tint (ºC) Tmax (ºC) Weight Loss (%) Chitosan 1 45.00 68.58 4.396 2 321.87 335.46 30.011 Alst 1 277.27 318.56 15.142 2 381.81 403.26 44.872 CL 1 50.00 59.15 2.729 2 164.77 203.41 18.894 3 309.09 331.73 45.997 CLAlst 1 41.66 61.22 3.061 2 182.95 216.51 16.84 3 311.36 335.66 45.958 Conclusions Chitosan sponges, CL and CLAlst, exhibited lower thermal stability than native chitosan oligomer owing to their reduction of crystallinity.

Then, it was symmetrically (SR) or asymmetrically (one roll is idle, ASR) rolled at ambient temperature down to 1.9 mm in six passes with the same sequence of reductions per pass, Table 1.
Table 1 Deformation characteristics of IF steel sheet during cold rolling used in this study Strain Units Rolling pass number Total 1 2 3 4 5 6 Reduction in thickness, ∆h [mm] 0.7 0.72 0.68 0.65 0.75 0.2 3.7 Elongation, hn/hn-1 1.143 1.172 1.194 1.228 1.357 1.105 2.947 Engineering strain*, e [%] 12.50 14.69 16.27 18.57 26.32 9.52 66.07 Equivalent von Mises strain*, ε 0.154 0.184 0.205 0.237 0.353 0.116 1.25 *extra shear strain introduced due to the asymmetry is not taken into account.
The evolution of the shape of the deformed grains is in very good agreement with the Taylor hypothesis: the average values of the aspect ratio of the deformed grains (see diagram in Fig. 1d) is very close to the product of total elongation and thickness reduction of the whole sheet (≈8.7).
Analysis of the data shows that both kinds of asymmetry used in this study reduce strength compared to SR, but slightly increase uniform elongation and have almost no effect on the total elongation in RD and TD.

Its efficiency can reach as high as 60 % in practical systems with the significant advantage of 90 % reduction in major pollutant [1].
Excessive membrane drying leads to stack performance reduction while a lower temperature can lead to flooding due to lower water saturation pressure at lower temperature and also reduction in kinetic energy of reactions [2].
The combination of fuel cell performance data and driving cycles under aggressive and passive modes lead to the characterization of potential thermal energy from the fuel cell.

In addition, according to the FERC’s report of “A National Assessment of Demand Response Potential” issued in June 2009, if Demand Response measures can be widely implemented, can have a maximum reduction of 20% of the nation’s peak load in the next 10 years, and its implementation is mainly through the reduction of commercial and industrial load, through control the air-conditioning and refrigeration equipments and other high-power appliances [3].
Clearing Subsystem is responsible for calculating consumers’ electricity rates, compensation and punishment for consumers according to tariff policy, electricity consumption data and demand response contract information.
It should be noted that, Demand Response Agency may come down to load cut request issue, reduction-price curve bid, bid notification, etc, these processes may take some time.

The hydrogenated surface (Figure 1) is hydrophobic and allows charge transfer reactions at the interface (such as Cu 2+ reduction in HF [3]).
Cu levels are significantly higher due to Cu 2+ reduction at the surface.
For PGMEA, the data is too scattered to obtain reliable estimates for the evaporating film thickness.
Figure 5: metal contamination from DI at pH~6 on a silanol surface. 10 9 1010 1011 1012 1013 1014 1015 1013 10 14 1015 1016 1017 1018 Ca Zn Cr Cu concentration on wafer (atoms/cm2 ) concentration in solution (at/cm 3 ) Cu2+ reduction evaporation residues 10 9 1010 1011 1012 1013 1014 1015 1013 10 14 1015 1016 1017 1018 Ca Zn Cr Cu concentration on wafer (atoms/cm2 ) concentration in solution (at/cm 3 ) Figure 6: contamination from DI at pH~6 on a hydrogenated surface.

The viscosity reduction can be reached by the selection of a composition inside of the phase diagram Na2O-Al2O3-SiO2, around the eutectic composition of the nepheline (Na2O.Al2O3.SiO2).
The introduction of addictives can help, simultaneously, the reduction of the viscosity and the nucleating of the crystalline phase.
Conclusions This study concluded that: • TiO2 contents above 7% favors the reduction of the melting viscosity of the glasses of Na2O-K2O-Al2O3-SiO2 system
International Centre for Diffraction Data.

The data of mortar strength was obtained according to the strength testing method for cement mortar (GB/T17671-1999).
As shown in Fig.3, the more dosage of rubber powder, the more reduction of compressive strength which was suitable for mortar at both 28d and 60d.
When the rubber powder dosage was 2%, 4%, 6%, the reduction of compressive strength at 28d was respectively 7.5%, 8.5% and 12.1% compared with the blank samples (the average increase at the same dosage was 3%) while at 60d it was reduced by 15.9%, 11.8%, 17.9% (the average increase at the same dosage was 4.8%).
However, this reduction was obviously made up with the increase of curing time. 4.

Fig.1 The layout of the foundation pit Fig.2 The diagrammatic cross-section of the foundation pit excavation Limit- balance method Field observation and survey data show that when cohesive soil slope collapse, the sliding surface is a curved surface which close to a cylindrical surface.
Fig.6 Arow diagram of the whole deformation after the soil excavation Fig.7 Vector diagram of the total displacement after the soil excavation After the soil excavation,using the phi/c function of PLAXIS obtain the safety coefficient of the foundation pit, this process is based on the strength reduction theory.the safety coefficient of the pit is 2.746, and the possible failure modes is shown in Fig. 8.it is clear that the disturbance of soil-rock is mainly carrying out above the weak intercalated layers.
Fig.8 Displacement nephogram of the total increment after the Phi/c reduction The deformation analysis of the foundation pit after the whole excavation When the foundation pit excavates to the end, the total displacement and the strain which produced by the whole foundation pit are shown in Fig. 9,10.the areas of large displacement in the pit mainly exist near the top of bored pile and weak intercalated layers,while there is a mutation on the concrete surface in the weak intercalated layers position, But the anchor and soil nailing have the fixed effect so that the development of these places displacement is suppressed.According to the distribution pattern of the weak intercalated layers and the thickness of soil, taking the the combination form to retain the foundation pit can effectively ensure the safety for the the deep foundation pit for soil-rock composition with weak intercalated layers.
(2)Using the finite element to carry out the dynamic simulation to the excavation and retaining foundation pit under the special conditions, the results show that the form of the retaining structure is reasonable and safe, at the same time, the results of the failure mode of the foundation pit by using the strength reduction method accord with that by the limit-balance method

The chemical composition of investigated concentrates Name Mass fraction, % Fe FеО Аl2О3 SiО2 СаО МgО ТiО2 МnО V2O5 S Р Bacisity Tebinbulak concentrate 66.5 30.00 1.51 2.00 0.65 1.24 3.00 0.20 0.60 0.02 0.01 0.325 Kachkanar concentrate 62.1 29.1 2.44 3.6 1.06 2.06 2.4 0.22 0.58 0.03 0.007 0.294 As can be seen from the presented data both concentrates are complex (oxides of titanium and vanadium are contained).
The essence of methods is that the vanadium ore concentrate is subjected to smelting in the blast furnace or to direct reduction.
Vanadium in the reduction smelting process is almost completely converted to the iron.
Formation of high-melting compounds in the form of carbonitrides and oxycarbonitrides is one of the features of titanium oxide reduction.

These peaks match with International Center for Diffraction Data (ICDD) File No. 00–004–0831.
This attributed to the reduction in the grain size of the composite coating by the addition of ZrO2 particles.
The increment of the hardness is mainly caused by the reduction of coating grain size.
The size reduction most probably was caused by the competition between nucleation and crystal growth during deposition [7,8].