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And the SEM images showed the structure of 3D fiber network was formed in the process of gelation.
In other words[7], the molecules of a gelator aggregate into network structure via various weaker non-covalent interactions, including hydrogen bonding, π-π stacking, van der Waals interaction, and coordination interaction, etc.
Science China Chemistry, 2011, 54(4): 575-586

Small-Scale Resistance Spot Welding of Zr Based Glassy Alloys Shinji Fukumoto1, a, Kana Fujiwara2, Yoshihiko Yokoyama3,b, Yoshihiro Murakami3, and Atsushi Yamamoto 1,c 1 Materials Science and Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, University of Hyogo, 2167 Shosha, Himeji, Hyogo 671-2201, Japan 2 Graduate Student of University of Hyogo, 2167 Shosha, Himeji, Hyogo 671-2201, Japan 3 Institute for Materials Research, Tohoku University, Sendai, Miyagi, JAPAN a sfukumot@eng.u-hyogo.ac.jp, byy@imr.tohoku.ac.jp, cayamamot@eng.u-hyogo.ac.jp Keywords: resistance spot welding, small-scale, metallic glass, mechanical property, micro-area XRD analysis.
Metallic glass sheets were successfully welded and amorphous structure was maintained in both weld nugget and heat affected zone.
Thus amorphous structure was maintained both in HAZ and in weld zone by SSRSW.

Introduction Developments in the materials chemistry of carbon fibers since the 1960s have had a great impact on many areas of modern technology.
The change in the structure of CFs by chemical modification was characterized by means of a Renishaw Rm-3100 Raman spectrometer (Renishaw Inc.).
Dramstadt et al. has stated that the D/G intensity ratio and positions of these peaks can vary due to the structure of the carbon which also confirms the successful attachment of aliphatic acyl amine molecules on CFs [7].

Verification of Photochemically Induced Crystallization Mechanism of Proteins by Dimer Addition Takashi Kuroiwa 1, Hiroaki Horiuchi 1, Hiroshi Hiratsuka 1 and Tetsuo Okutsu 1, 2, a 1 Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Graduate School of Engineering, Gunma University, 1-5-1 Tenjin-cho, Kiryu, Gunma, 376-8515, Japan 2 PRESTO, Japan Science and Technology Agency, 4-1-8 Honcho, Kawaguchi, Saitama, 332-0012, Japan aokutsu@gunma-u.ac.jp Keywords: photochemically induced crystallization, nucleation, protein, lysozyme Abstract.
The reason for this is thought to be due to the different structures of the dimer molecules, and thus only some of the dimer molecules can grow to a crystal size.
We are currently investigating the structure of the dimer.

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The surface chemistry and removal of contaminants from the surface are treated in the subsequent chapters: dealing first with Front-End-of-Line (FEOL) surfaces and processes in chapters 2 to 5, followed by general cleaning processes and mechanisms in chapters 6 to 8, and finally with Back-End-of-Line (BEOL) structures (in chapter 9).

Because of this reason, colloidal chemistry will continue to be developed over the next 10 years.
Structure of STI and planarization by CMP process As shown in Figure 2, nanoparticles under 50nm are used as fillers for flat panel display coatings since they are optically transparent when they are incorporated into nanocomposites.
For most of metal oxide nanoparticles, silane coupling agents as shown in Figure 4 are used because depending on chemical structure of organic side chain (X in Figure 4) they can control degree of hydrophilicity(or hydrophobicity) and reactivity with the binder.

Synthesis and Application of 1-[(2-methyl-3-benzothiophene)]-2-[2-methyl-5-(1,3-dioxolane)-3-thienyl]perfluorocyclopentene Yinglong Fu, Lingyao Zhou, Congbin Fan* and Shouzhi Pu Jiangxi Key Laboratory of Organic Chemistry, Jiangxi Science and Technology Normal University, Nanchang 330013, P.
Introduction Upon stimulation with light, photochromic compounds can interconvert their molecular structures between two isomers with different properties including color, refractive indices, dipole moments, as well as oxidation/reduction potentials, and electro-conductivities [3].
The structures of diarylethene 1o were confirmed by NMR. 1H NMR(400 MHz, CDCl3, ppm): δ 2.18 (s, 3H, –CH3), 1.83 (s, 3H, –CH3), 3.91 (m, 4H, -CH2-), 6.95 (s, 1H, thiophene-H), 7.48–7.46 (t, 2H, J = 8.0 Hz, benzothiophene-H), 7.67–7.65 (t, 2H, J = 8.0 Hz, benzothiophene-H).

Many of the physical and chemical properties of molten salt has a strong effect on molten salt electrolysis process, such as molten salt of the liquidus temperature, density, viscosity, solubility, basic data essential for these properties and melt structure and theory research in molten salt[5].
So far, the system structure and the phase diagram of the KCl-Na3WO3F3 molten salt system are few reports.
The ionic melt chemistry [M], Beijing: Metallurgical Industry Press, 1986: 48

Poly(vinylidenefluoride-chlorotrifluoroethylene)P(VDF-CTFE) has a special molecular structure, Since CTFE make the molecular chain more modified proposal, P(VDF-CTFE) copolymers undergo a dechlorination reaction reducing the chlorine groups quantitatively and converting CTFE to TrFE to maintain excellent ferroelectric polymer [1], ulfonated monomer, styrene, tert-butyl acrylate, sulfonic acid(SSA) and hydroxyl ethyl acrylate have been directly grafted on the main chain backbone of P(VDF-CTFE) by ATRP, the grafted chains improved different properties such as the solubility, phase compatibility, higher dielectric responses at ambient conditions[2-3], Improving the material properties.
The random distribution of the key joint structures enhanced the flexibility of copolymers, that is to say the conformation of chain units could only changed with more energy, which lead to the storage modulus increases.
Polymer Chemistry, 2014, 5 2130–2141

Effect of Distributions of Low Angle Grain Boundary and Dislocation Density on Strength of Al-3mass%Mg by SPD  Atsushi KOZAKI1,a*, Taiki MORISHIGE2,b Tutomu TANAKA3,c 1Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Kansai University, Suita, 564-8680, Japan 2Department of Chemistry and Engineering, Kansai University, Suita, 564-8680, Japan 3Osaka Research Institute of Industrial Science and Technology, Japan ak020294@kansai-u.ac.jp, btmorishi@kansai-u.ac.jp and ct_tanaka@orist.jp Keywords: Severe Plastic Deformation, microstructure, Al alloy, ECAE, grain refinement Abstract.
The specimens were full annealed and have an equiaxed grain structure with an average grain size of 100 µm.
Extra-hardening was observed in the ultra-fine grain structure area, and the slope of the Hall-Petch plot increased. 2 and 3 passes were annealed at 100ºC for 0 to 6 h.