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Online since: September 2014
Authors: Gilbert Silva, Wellington S. Diogo, Dalton G.B. de Souza, Rayana F. Rodrigues Lourenço, M.L.M. Noronha Melo, Kátia R. Cardoso
It may be noted that after 20 hours of milling there was a slight reduction in crystallite size of 95 to 85 Å with 20 and 40 hours of milling, respectively.
Conclusions With the increase in milling time there was a reduction in crystallite size up to 20 hours of milling up this time the reduction in crystallite size is small.
Noyes Data Corporation, London, England 1974
Conclusions With the increase in milling time there was a reduction in crystallite size up to 20 hours of milling up this time the reduction in crystallite size is small.
Noyes Data Corporation, London, England 1974
Online since: December 2014
Authors: Jian Xin Shou, Mu Qing Qiu, Gang Chao Zhu, Jia Wei Qian, Hua Zheng Xin
But there nano ferroferric oxide magnetic dipole, the interactions between the easy reduction caused by family activity.
But when H2O2 concentration higher than the critical value , due to the OH is captured by the excess H2O2 generated oxidation reduction potential of the lower oxygen free radicals HO., instead the number of OH free radical.
Although reaction HO. free radicals ( oxidation reduction potential of 1.7V ) is a kind of oxide free radical, but it is much lower than OH free radical oxidation ability, which affect the rate of the degradation of MB.
Helman: Journal of Physical and Chemical Reference Data Vol. 17(1988), p.513 [2] J.X.
But when H2O2 concentration higher than the critical value , due to the OH is captured by the excess H2O2 generated oxidation reduction potential of the lower oxygen free radicals HO., instead the number of OH free radical.
Although reaction HO. free radicals ( oxidation reduction potential of 1.7V ) is a kind of oxide free radical, but it is much lower than OH free radical oxidation ability, which affect the rate of the degradation of MB.
Helman: Journal of Physical and Chemical Reference Data Vol. 17(1988), p.513 [2] J.X.
Online since: January 2013
Authors: Si Li Yi, Qing Xu
Experimental
All other chemicals and reagents were purchased from Aladdin and used as received without any further purification unless otherwise specified.
1H NMR spectral data of synthesized samples were recorded on a Bruker ACF 300 spectrometer operating at 400 MHz for 1H nucleus, using CDCl3 solvent and TMS as internal standard, respectively.
Two clear quasi-reversible one-electron reduction waves could be found, which can be attributed to the reduction of the perylenediimide moiety and show the good electron acceptor ability of these materials.12 The onset potential for reduction occurs at -0.63 eV, from which a LUMO level of -3.81 eV could be calculated.
Two clear quasi-reversible one-electron reduction waves could be found, which can be attributed to the reduction of the perylenediimide moiety and show the good electron acceptor ability of these materials.12 The onset potential for reduction occurs at -0.63 eV, from which a LUMO level of -3.81 eV could be calculated.
Online since: August 2013
Authors: Vladimir Tsepelev, Viktor Konashkov, Vladimir Vjuchin, Arkadi Povodator, Ann Podolskaja
At this stage, it is necessary to test every steel grade in order to find out its properties and lay down the foundation for generalizing the data.
For example, spontaneous viscosity reduction with the temperature increase is sometimes slowed down or is even increased at tan which is the anomaly temperature (Fig.1).
To do this, the physical properties of liquid samples taken in the course of melting were studied, namely: 1 - upon melting, 2 - after mixing, 3 - after reduction, 4 - before doping with nitrogen and vanadium, 5 - before releasing into the bucket, 6 - after degassing and argon purging in the ladle.
Melt transition into an equilibrium state ensures stabilization and increases, in the average, the weight yield at the first revision by 68 - 80 % (due to lack of defective product and loss reduction in the abrasive cleaning the workpiece’s surface).
For example, spontaneous viscosity reduction with the temperature increase is sometimes slowed down or is even increased at tan which is the anomaly temperature (Fig.1).
To do this, the physical properties of liquid samples taken in the course of melting were studied, namely: 1 - upon melting, 2 - after mixing, 3 - after reduction, 4 - before doping with nitrogen and vanadium, 5 - before releasing into the bucket, 6 - after degassing and argon purging in the ladle.
Melt transition into an equilibrium state ensures stabilization and increases, in the average, the weight yield at the first revision by 68 - 80 % (due to lack of defective product and loss reduction in the abrasive cleaning the workpiece’s surface).
Online since: July 2006
Authors: Birger Karlsson, Magnus Hörnqvist
The ductility was
characterized by the area reduction at fracture, which was measured using an optical
stereomicroscope and evaluated with assumption of parabolic edges according to ASTM standards.
(a) (b) (c) (d) Figure 2: Results from monotonic tensile tests on NA specimens; yield strength as a function of (a) temperature and (b) strain rate, and area reduction as a function of (c) temperature and (d) strain rate.
(a) (b) (c) (d) Figure 3: Results from monotonic tensile tests on PA specimens; yield strength as a function of (a) temperature and (b) strain rate, and area reduction as a function of (c) temperature and (d) strain rate.
The data from the tensile tests are shown in fig. 2 and 3 for the NA and PA tempers, respectively.
(a) (b) (c) (d) Figure 2: Results from monotonic tensile tests on NA specimens; yield strength as a function of (a) temperature and (b) strain rate, and area reduction as a function of (c) temperature and (d) strain rate.
(a) (b) (c) (d) Figure 3: Results from monotonic tensile tests on PA specimens; yield strength as a function of (a) temperature and (b) strain rate, and area reduction as a function of (c) temperature and (d) strain rate.
The data from the tensile tests are shown in fig. 2 and 3 for the NA and PA tempers, respectively.
Online since: February 2016
Authors: Vasiliy I. Gaman, Aleksey V. Almaev, Nadezda V. Sergeychenko, Nadezhda K. Maksimova
The presence of a two layer Pt/Pd catalyst on the tin dioxide surface promote an increase in the density of chemisorbed oxygen, the sensors are characterized by a high adsorption response to low concentrations of reduction gases (CO, H2).
The addition of gold in the bulk and on the surface of SnO2 promotes a decrease in the chemisorbed oxygen density, strongly increases the response to oxidizer nitrogen dioxide and lowers the sensitivity to reduction gases and humidity.
This effect is caused largely by the reduction of eφs.
It is important to note that the results on the effect of humidity on the properties studied the sensors of Au/SnO2:Sb, Au, passed long-term tests under the influence of hydrogen, differ significantly from those of previously published data [6] for films of the same series ii, which were used as the sensors of the oxidant NO2 and is not exposed to hydrogen.
The addition of gold in the bulk and on the surface of SnO2 promotes a decrease in the chemisorbed oxygen density, strongly increases the response to oxidizer nitrogen dioxide and lowers the sensitivity to reduction gases and humidity.
This effect is caused largely by the reduction of eφs.
It is important to note that the results on the effect of humidity on the properties studied the sensors of Au/SnO2:Sb, Au, passed long-term tests under the influence of hydrogen, differ significantly from those of previously published data [6] for films of the same series ii, which were used as the sensors of the oxidant NO2 and is not exposed to hydrogen.
Online since: April 2005
Authors: Ief Vander Mot, Kristel Van den Broeck, Nausikaä Van Hoornick, Jan Van Hoeymissen, Twan Bearda, Paul W. Mertens
The hydrogenated surface (Figure 1) is hydrophobic and allows charge transfer reactions at the
interface (such as Cu
2+
reduction in HF [3]).
Cu levels are significantly higher due to Cu 2+ reduction at the surface.
For PGMEA, the data is too scattered to obtain reliable estimates for the evaporating film thickness.
Figure 5: metal contamination from DI at pH~6 on a silanol surface. 10 9 1010 1011 1012 1013 1014 1015 1013 10 14 1015 1016 1017 1018 Ca Zn Cr Cu concentration on wafer (atoms/cm2 ) concentration in solution (at/cm 3 ) Cu2+ reduction evaporation residues 10 9 1010 1011 1012 1013 1014 1015 1013 10 14 1015 1016 1017 1018 Ca Zn Cr Cu concentration on wafer (atoms/cm2 ) concentration in solution (at/cm 3 ) Figure 6: contamination from DI at pH~6 on a hydrogenated surface.
Cu levels are significantly higher due to Cu 2+ reduction at the surface.
For PGMEA, the data is too scattered to obtain reliable estimates for the evaporating film thickness.
Figure 5: metal contamination from DI at pH~6 on a silanol surface. 10 9 1010 1011 1012 1013 1014 1015 1013 10 14 1015 1016 1017 1018 Ca Zn Cr Cu concentration on wafer (atoms/cm2 ) concentration in solution (at/cm 3 ) Cu2+ reduction evaporation residues 10 9 1010 1011 1012 1013 1014 1015 1013 10 14 1015 1016 1017 1018 Ca Zn Cr Cu concentration on wafer (atoms/cm2 ) concentration in solution (at/cm 3 ) Figure 6: contamination from DI at pH~6 on a hydrogenated surface.
Online since: October 2002
Authors: Humberto Gracher Riella, C.D.G. de Borba, D.S. Morais
The viscosity
reduction can be reached by the selection of a composition inside of the phase diagram Na2O-Al2O3-SiO2, around the
eutectic composition of the nepheline (Na2O.Al2O3.SiO2).
The introduction of addictives can help, simultaneously, the reduction of the viscosity and the nucleating of the crystalline phase.
Conclusions This study concluded that: • TiO2 contents above 7% favors the reduction of the melting viscosity of the glasses of Na2O-K2O-Al2O3-SiO2 system
International Centre for Diffraction Data.
The introduction of addictives can help, simultaneously, the reduction of the viscosity and the nucleating of the crystalline phase.
Conclusions This study concluded that: • TiO2 contents above 7% favors the reduction of the melting viscosity of the glasses of Na2O-K2O-Al2O3-SiO2 system
International Centre for Diffraction Data.
Online since: April 2012
Authors: Thawatchai Phaechamud, Kotchamon Yodkhum
Normally, chitosan after processed into material devices was less thermal stable than native chitosan owing to a reduction of its crystallinity.
Small-broad exothermic peak was observed around 162°C in thermogram of CL (data not shown).
Lower thermal stability of CL and CLAlst than that of native chitosan was due to a reduction of crystallinity of their structure after fabricated.
Sample Stage of Thermal Event Tint (ºC) Tmax (ºC) Weight Loss (%) Chitosan 1 45.00 68.58 4.396 2 321.87 335.46 30.011 Alst 1 277.27 318.56 15.142 2 381.81 403.26 44.872 CL 1 50.00 59.15 2.729 2 164.77 203.41 18.894 3 309.09 331.73 45.997 CLAlst 1 41.66 61.22 3.061 2 182.95 216.51 16.84 3 311.36 335.66 45.958 Conclusions Chitosan sponges, CL and CLAlst, exhibited lower thermal stability than native chitosan oligomer owing to their reduction of crystallinity.
Small-broad exothermic peak was observed around 162°C in thermogram of CL (data not shown).
Lower thermal stability of CL and CLAlst than that of native chitosan was due to a reduction of crystallinity of their structure after fabricated.
Sample Stage of Thermal Event Tint (ºC) Tmax (ºC) Weight Loss (%) Chitosan 1 45.00 68.58 4.396 2 321.87 335.46 30.011 Alst 1 277.27 318.56 15.142 2 381.81 403.26 44.872 CL 1 50.00 59.15 2.729 2 164.77 203.41 18.894 3 309.09 331.73 45.997 CLAlst 1 41.66 61.22 3.061 2 182.95 216.51 16.84 3 311.36 335.66 45.958 Conclusions Chitosan sponges, CL and CLAlst, exhibited lower thermal stability than native chitosan oligomer owing to their reduction of crystallinity.
Online since: December 2023
Authors: Cris Katherin Palomino-Ñaupa, Fredy Alberto Huamán-Mamani, V.C. Bringas-Rodríguez
The data found reveal mean particle size values of 79 microns for fine sand particles and mean particle size values of 13 and 56 microns for informal tailings (bimodal distribution).
The results found revealed a systematic reduction of maximum resistances to average uniaxial compression varied from 14.3 to 10.3 MPa with increasing binder : fine sand ratio from 1:2 to 1:5.
Microns · In the evaluation of the microstructure of the mortars (control and geopolymeric), all presented two well differentiated phases, on the one hand, a continuous and interconnected phase that corresponded to the binder phase and on the other, a discontinuous phase of polyhedral particles, corresponding to fine sand · The mechanical results found revealed a systematic reduction in the values of maximum resistance to average uniaxial compression, with the increase in the volume of fine sand added to the geopolymeric mixtures.
However, at temperatures from 200 to 500 °C, a reduction in maximum resistance was evidenced.
The results found revealed a systematic reduction of maximum resistances to average uniaxial compression varied from 14.3 to 10.3 MPa with increasing binder : fine sand ratio from 1:2 to 1:5.
Microns · In the evaluation of the microstructure of the mortars (control and geopolymeric), all presented two well differentiated phases, on the one hand, a continuous and interconnected phase that corresponded to the binder phase and on the other, a discontinuous phase of polyhedral particles, corresponding to fine sand · The mechanical results found revealed a systematic reduction in the values of maximum resistance to average uniaxial compression, with the increase in the volume of fine sand added to the geopolymeric mixtures.
However, at temperatures from 200 to 500 °C, a reduction in maximum resistance was evidenced.