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Online since: March 2014
Authors: Dan Mihai Constantinescu, Zoltan Major, Liviu Marsavina, Michael Berer, Gerald Pinter
The analysis of the recorded test data aimed on the distinction between cumulative material response (creep deformation, material hardening / softening) and spontaneous material response (material hardening / softening).
The subsequent analysis of the data used literature information to distinguish between cumulative material response and spontaneous material response [5,6].
Every 100 cycles peak/valley data pairs of force and displacement were recorded.
The analysis of the data was done automatically using a self-developed Matlab tool (MathWorks Inc., Natick, Massachusetts, USA).
However, to prove the latter further examination of the test data in the form of a detailed and quantitative dynamic mechanical analysis is required.
The subsequent analysis of the data used literature information to distinguish between cumulative material response and spontaneous material response [5,6].
Every 100 cycles peak/valley data pairs of force and displacement were recorded.
The analysis of the data was done automatically using a self-developed Matlab tool (MathWorks Inc., Natick, Massachusetts, USA).
However, to prove the latter further examination of the test data in the form of a detailed and quantitative dynamic mechanical analysis is required.
Online since: January 2011
Authors: Jin Ru Zhong
The advantages of EPC include a higher rate of certainty in the final cost and required construction period, the reduction of risks on the part of the employer, and the foreshortened project cycle due to the overlapping of engineering and construction[1].
Firstly all data in the book is collected in items to work out the technical and economical indexes as well as price proportion.
The technical and economical indexes of similar projects and empirical data are referred to for analyzing indexes of unit cost and unit physical consumption and determination of the rationality of various proportions.
Meanwhile it can save both time and expense with the reduction of workload.
Then the complete data of the comparison is presented to the employer for recheck.
Firstly all data in the book is collected in items to work out the technical and economical indexes as well as price proportion.
The technical and economical indexes of similar projects and empirical data are referred to for analyzing indexes of unit cost and unit physical consumption and determination of the rationality of various proportions.
Meanwhile it can save both time and expense with the reduction of workload.
Then the complete data of the comparison is presented to the employer for recheck.
Online since: June 2012
Authors: Li Li Yao, Hai Bo Shi, Zhong Hua Han, Xiao Fu Ma
(7)
Constructing Simulation Data
The simulation of the job scheduling of HFSP contains 8 jobs to be processed and 6 stages, and shows the effectiveness of the PSO based production cost optimization problem for HFSP.
Computation Result We select 7 sets of scheduling schemes from the simulation data to compare and analyze.
So, Scheme 5 is closer to the optimal solution than Scheme 3.From the curves of Scheme5, 6, 7 in Fig. 1 and the data in Table 4, we could find that the inertia weighand acceleration constantsandaffects the results a lot.
The reduction of the total waiting cost shows that the idle time of the equipments decreases, and the utilization rate of equipments increases.
The reduction of the total storage cost shows that the storage cost of WIP decreases.
Computation Result We select 7 sets of scheduling schemes from the simulation data to compare and analyze.
So, Scheme 5 is closer to the optimal solution than Scheme 3.From the curves of Scheme5, 6, 7 in Fig. 1 and the data in Table 4, we could find that the inertia weighand acceleration constantsandaffects the results a lot.
The reduction of the total waiting cost shows that the idle time of the equipments decreases, and the utilization rate of equipments increases.
The reduction of the total storage cost shows that the storage cost of WIP decreases.
Online since: June 2014
Authors: Wen Yan Li, Shi Yong Wang, Xiao Ming Wang
Selective Catalytic Reduction (Selective Catalytic Reduction, SCR) technology is internationally recognized as the most developed and widely used method for flue gas denitrification.
The RSDs of flow rate and molar ratio of NH3 to NOX (distribution of CO concentration, symbolized by ) at first catalyst floor were key data and calculated as follows: (2.1) (2.2) (2.3) —RSD; S—standard deviation; —average value.
The numerical results were =5.9m/s and =8.3%, better than the model test data.
Table 3.1 Comparison of model test results and numerical simulation consequences Parameter Design requirements results of CFD consequence of model test Note Velocity distribution ±15% 8.3% 11.1% Above the first layer distribution 10% 4.7% 9.8% Above the first layer Total pressure drop 1200Pa 975Pa 980Pa 390Pa pressure loss caused by two catalyst layer It was indicated that model experiment results were very close to numerical simulation results, which suggested that the data investigated met the design requirements.
The RSDs of flow rate and molar ratio of NH3 to NOX (distribution of CO concentration, symbolized by ) at first catalyst floor were key data and calculated as follows: (2.1) (2.2) (2.3) —RSD; S—standard deviation; —average value.
The numerical results were =5.9m/s and =8.3%, better than the model test data.
Table 3.1 Comparison of model test results and numerical simulation consequences Parameter Design requirements results of CFD consequence of model test Note Velocity distribution ±15% 8.3% 11.1% Above the first layer distribution 10% 4.7% 9.8% Above the first layer Total pressure drop 1200Pa 975Pa 980Pa 390Pa pressure loss caused by two catalyst layer It was indicated that model experiment results were very close to numerical simulation results, which suggested that the data investigated met the design requirements.
Online since: June 2014
Authors: M. Senthil Kumar, K. Mahadevan
A reduction of moisture by 0.1 % corresponds to 365 tons of raw material per year.
Energy consumption can be achieved by the increase of evaporation efficiency followed by the reduction of the number of drying cylinders.
This offers a great advantage over the conventional controller tuning methods which uses the plant model at the nominal operating conditions.System identification to the process of constructing the mathematical model of dynamic systems from the observed input–output data.
Thus with these real time data, the moisture process transfer function has been identified.
Result and Discussion A transfer function to validate the process is obtained with the real time data by using Matlab system identification toolbox.
Energy consumption can be achieved by the increase of evaporation efficiency followed by the reduction of the number of drying cylinders.
This offers a great advantage over the conventional controller tuning methods which uses the plant model at the nominal operating conditions.System identification to the process of constructing the mathematical model of dynamic systems from the observed input–output data.
Thus with these real time data, the moisture process transfer function has been identified.
Result and Discussion A transfer function to validate the process is obtained with the real time data by using Matlab system identification toolbox.
Online since: August 2013
Authors: Jing Chen
Study on the Application of CVM in the Social Benefits Valuationof Urban Mass Transit
Jing Chen1,2, a
1Nanjing Communications Institute of Technology, Nanjing 211188, China
2Jiangsu Engineering Technology Research Center for Energy Conservation and Emission Reduction of Transportation, Nanjing 211188, China
achenjing7618@163.com
Keywords: CVM; social benefits; urban mass transit; valuation
Abstract.
These benefits are as follows: (1) Increased economic productivity from improved mobility; (2) Vehicle cost savings, compared with automobile travel; (3) Reduced chauffeuring requirements for drivers, compared with automobile travel; (4) Reduced congestion and vehicle traffic delays, compared with automobile travel; (5) Parking cost savings, compared with automobile travel; (6) Reduced accidents, compared with automobile travel; (7) Energy conservation and emission reductions, compared with automobile travel; (8) Support for more compact land use development (9) Enhancing working efficiency; (10) Adding employment opportunities.
The coefficients, B, in Eq. (3) are obtained based on the survey data using the Least-Square method.
To validate the model, the simulation results are compared with the survey data. 3.5 Estimation of the social benefits To avoid exhibiting ‘fat tail’ at the high bid amount [9], the WTP distribution is defined between 0 and 500 on the basis of pretest.
Kanninen: The Statistical Analysis of Discrete-response CV Data.No.768.Department of Agricultural and Resource Economics, University of California at Berkeley. (1996), p. 1-96 [8] C.
These benefits are as follows: (1) Increased economic productivity from improved mobility; (2) Vehicle cost savings, compared with automobile travel; (3) Reduced chauffeuring requirements for drivers, compared with automobile travel; (4) Reduced congestion and vehicle traffic delays, compared with automobile travel; (5) Parking cost savings, compared with automobile travel; (6) Reduced accidents, compared with automobile travel; (7) Energy conservation and emission reductions, compared with automobile travel; (8) Support for more compact land use development (9) Enhancing working efficiency; (10) Adding employment opportunities.
The coefficients, B, in Eq. (3) are obtained based on the survey data using the Least-Square method.
To validate the model, the simulation results are compared with the survey data. 3.5 Estimation of the social benefits To avoid exhibiting ‘fat tail’ at the high bid amount [9], the WTP distribution is defined between 0 and 500 on the basis of pretest.
Kanninen: The Statistical Analysis of Discrete-response CV Data.No.768.Department of Agricultural and Resource Economics, University of California at Berkeley. (1996), p. 1-96 [8] C.
Online since: November 2013
Authors: Sarat Singamneni, Bin Huang
Alternative Curved Layer Slicing Algorithm
Chakraborty et al [9] and Singamneni et al [10], developed curved layer slicing algorithms based on point cloud data gathered on surfaces followed by the vector cross product methods to determine the offsetting direction.
Deposition path data is developed for each raster angle orientation as depicted in Fig.7.
Initially, the reduction is relatively small, in the lower raster angle range from 0˚ - 30˚.
With further increase in the raster angle, there is a drastic reduction in the flexural strength, and then there is a tendency for gradual stabilization towards the end of the raster angle range.
There is limited data to directly compare these results, the results of tensile tests conducted and reported by Rodríguez et al. [11] on flat layer samples with varying raster angle are in almost similar lines.
Deposition path data is developed for each raster angle orientation as depicted in Fig.7.
Initially, the reduction is relatively small, in the lower raster angle range from 0˚ - 30˚.
With further increase in the raster angle, there is a drastic reduction in the flexural strength, and then there is a tendency for gradual stabilization towards the end of the raster angle range.
There is limited data to directly compare these results, the results of tensile tests conducted and reported by Rodríguez et al. [11] on flat layer samples with varying raster angle are in almost similar lines.
Online since: January 2013
Authors: Che Hao Chen, Jong Rong Wang, Chun Kuan Shih, Hao Tzu Lin
The RCS pressure may reach its peak after core power reduction [3].
Plant data for feedwater flow and other input parameters derived from velocity.
And the hot-leg temperatures were then compared with real plant data.
[6] Lyie, T.C., Cheng, T.C., King, C.H.: A tape data management system for Maanshan nuclear power plant, INER Report, INER-OM-0338, Institute of Nuclear Energy Research Atomic Energy Council, Taiwan (1997)
[7] Wang, J.R., Chen, Y.S., Wang, S.F.: Maanshan unit 2 load reduction and net load trip tests transient analyses, INER Report, INER-0868, Institute of Nuclear Energy Research Atomic Energy Council, Taiwan (1988).
Plant data for feedwater flow and other input parameters derived from velocity.
And the hot-leg temperatures were then compared with real plant data.
[6] Lyie, T.C., Cheng, T.C., King, C.H.: A tape data management system for Maanshan nuclear power plant, INER Report, INER-OM-0338, Institute of Nuclear Energy Research Atomic Energy Council, Taiwan (1997)
[7] Wang, J.R., Chen, Y.S., Wang, S.F.: Maanshan unit 2 load reduction and net load trip tests transient analyses, INER Report, INER-0868, Institute of Nuclear Energy Research Atomic Energy Council, Taiwan (1988).
Online since: July 2020
Authors: Nurul Izzati Abd Malek, Ismariza Ismail, Nafisah Osman
This approach is used to produce ultrafine cathode particles which are desirable to the increase the active site for oxygen reduction reaction [1, 2].
Reducing the particle size will increases the surface area of the LSCF/f-CNTs and resulted in a high oxygen reduction reaction.
These data confirmed that the chelating agent, dispersing agent and polymerizing agent have been completely decomposed through the calcination process and the formation of LaSrCoFeO3 phase is expected.
These results are in-line to the density data obtained from the pycnometer.
The data from pycnometer and particle size analyzer confirmed the optimum amount of 4 mg f-CNTs increased LSCF density to 2.8777 g/cm3 and effectively reduced the particle size to ~38 nm.
Reducing the particle size will increases the surface area of the LSCF/f-CNTs and resulted in a high oxygen reduction reaction.
These data confirmed that the chelating agent, dispersing agent and polymerizing agent have been completely decomposed through the calcination process and the formation of LaSrCoFeO3 phase is expected.
These results are in-line to the density data obtained from the pycnometer.
The data from pycnometer and particle size analyzer confirmed the optimum amount of 4 mg f-CNTs increased LSCF density to 2.8777 g/cm3 and effectively reduced the particle size to ~38 nm.
Online since: August 2021
Authors: Vitaly A. Beregovoi, Aleksandr M. Beregovoi
The analysis of the data, obtained in these works, indicates the multidirectional effect of their introduction [7-9].
For the maximum reduction of the water-solid ratio were used the additives of hyperplasticizers, based on polycarboxylate esters.
Quantitative comparison was carried out by the variables: - water-reducing effect: (5) - reduction of water demand: (6) Components used: During the research were used: mineral powder – finely ground waste of autoclaved aerated concrete (Ssp=6915 cm2/g, dparticles=3.7 μm), quartz sand (size module Ms=1.3), Portland cement cEM II/A-32.5N, plasticizers – S-3, Melflux 2651F, Sikament BV3M.
Influence of the amount of sand on the water absorption of the material (content Portland cement 15%) Comparison of the data in Fig. 2 and 3 shows, that an increase in the content Portland cement in the mixture from 10 to 15% does not affect the water absorption of the samples.
Comparison of the data in Fig. 3 and 5 indicates a significant effect of plasticizers on the water resistance index of the samples (without the addition of 0.66, but with the addition of 0.75).
For the maximum reduction of the water-solid ratio were used the additives of hyperplasticizers, based on polycarboxylate esters.
Quantitative comparison was carried out by the variables: - water-reducing effect: (5) - reduction of water demand: (6) Components used: During the research were used: mineral powder – finely ground waste of autoclaved aerated concrete (Ssp=6915 cm2/g, dparticles=3.7 μm), quartz sand (size module Ms=1.3), Portland cement cEM II/A-32.5N, plasticizers – S-3, Melflux 2651F, Sikament BV3M.
Influence of the amount of sand on the water absorption of the material (content Portland cement 15%) Comparison of the data in Fig. 2 and 3 shows, that an increase in the content Portland cement in the mixture from 10 to 15% does not affect the water absorption of the samples.
Comparison of the data in Fig. 3 and 5 indicates a significant effect of plasticizers on the water resistance index of the samples (without the addition of 0.66, but with the addition of 0.75).