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In this case, all the processes taking place in the energy supply for welding, the power source, the current flow through the connection, heat expansion on heating or cooling, structural, phasic and chemical transformations, fusion, weld crystallization, changing of material properties in the weld and the heat affected zone , impurities diffusion, as well as distortions and stresses .
A part of these processes, occurring when welding and allied technologies (heating and cooling, corrosive environments, deformations), can be present at operating loads, i.e., act on fabricated construction, affecting its efficiency.
In the following it is necessary to know thermophysical properties of the alloy under examination to define the physical conditions.
All necessary properties are given in the form of piecewise linear functions, for example, the heat capacity function in terms of temperature, the density function in terms of temperature
The results of simulation will depend on the correct input of material properties in the form of various dependencies.

A smart, controlled delivery system needs synergistic consideration of several factors; these have been summarized in Fig. 7 [27].
Fig. 7 Requirements of several factors for simultaneous consideration to design a polymeric nanoparticle for the smart drug delivery system.
The two primary parameters controlling the release rates in these systems are the magnetic field characteristics and the mechanical properties of the polymer matrix.
The mechanical properties of the polymeric matrix also affect the extent of magnetic enhancement [40].
Photo-responsive gels reversibly change their physical or chemical properties upon photo-radiation, thus affecting the release rate of drugs incorporated in the polymer.

Prediction of the Flow Stress of 00Cr17Ni14Mo2 Steel During Hot Deformation using a BP Artificial Neural Network Nanhai Hao1, a, Jiushi Li2, b 1 School of Mechanical Engineering, Beijing Information Science & Technology University, Beijing 100192, China 2 Xinxing Hebei Engineering & Research Incorporation Limited, Hebei 056017, China an.hao@bistu.edu.cn, blijiushi08@163.com Keywords: Flow stress; stainless steel; artificial neural network Abstract.
Introduction As a low carbon austenitic stainless steel, 00Cr17Ni14Mo2 (ANSI 316L) possesses properties like high ductility, good weldability and resistance to corrosion and staining.
Due to intensified competition and quality awareness worldwide, now the forming processes have to fulfill more stringent requirements of as complex shape, close tolerances, no defects, improved material properties, control of microstructure, minimized scrap material, long tool live and right first time.
However, most of the factors affecting the flow stress are non-linear, which makes the accuracy of the flow stress predicted with analytical model low and the applicable range limited.
Continuous compression tests were conducted with strain rates, i.e., 0.01, 0.05, 0.1, 0.5 and 1 s-1, to a maximum true strain of 0.7 at temperatures of 800, 900, 1000 and 1100℃ on a Gleeble 1500 thermo-mechanical simulator.

Study of high-pressure physical properties of marine heavy oil S.Q.
As a system medium, the fuel bulk modulus is the main factor that pressure fluctuates in the pipeline during injection, and the pressure fluctuation greatly affects the dynamic and static properties of the injection system.
Viscosity of fuel is one of the factors that determine the atomization effect.
The properties of fluids are between those of gases and solids.
Analysis on IFO180 Properties Dynamic Viscosity.

Introduction In recent years, the nano-structure ceramic materials have received much attention due to their outstanding properties which is not observed by normal sintering process.
The microstructure of coating layer is a very important factor determining the corrosion and thermal resistance of the base material.
Stabilized zirconia has wide application fields of structural and electrochemical devices due to the excellent mechanical properties, chemical stability in reducing atmosphere, and high ionic conductivity.
However, it is inferred that oxygen flow rate is not the essential factor to determine grain size because the deposited YSZ films have a similar SEM micrograph each other as shown in Fig. 3.
Oxidizing atmosphere may affect on the microstructure more strongly at lower substrate temperature.

Light weight, high strength, corrosion resistance, electrical conductivity and so on, all are properties of GFP-SN, which mean that steel can be replaced by GFP-SN as new material to reinforced soil nailing[1].
In this paper, FLAC3D software was used to simulate the test procedure, the factors that influence the drawing force and its variation were researched mainly.
The difference is caused by many factors, and the contact surface parameters between the soil nailing and anchorage body cannot be accurately is one of the primary cause.
(3)The embedded methods have significant affect on the success rate of the trial.
Concrete Test Analysis, Journal of Changzhou Institute of Technology, Vol. 19,No.5, Oct. 2006(In Chinese) [7] Max L.Porter, Kent A.Harries, Prioritized FRP Research Needs in Civil Infrastructure, ASCE, Structural Engineering Research Frontiers, 2007 [8] J.F.Davalos, Y.Chen, L.Ray, Numerical Modeling for the Interface Bond of Concrete and FRP Bar, ASCE, Earth & Space, 2008 [9] B.Benmokrane, P.Wang, T.R.Gentry and S.Faza, Tests Methods to Determine Properties of FRP Rods for Concrete Structures

This material has mechanical properties, durability, and stability, as well as high biocompatibility.
Particles produced was influenced by several factors, including temperature and the concentration of precursor solution.
Three structures of the resulting crystals had high physical and mechanical properties [1,20,21,22,23].
Physical and mechanical properties of an experimental dental composite based on a new monomer.
Mechanical properties of Al2O3/ZrO2 composites.

Introduction Neoprene has good aging property [1~3], but its physics-mechanical properties deteriorate under thermal aging condition [4].
The deterioration of mechanical properties of laminated neoprene bridge bearing pads in line with rising aging time is a serious concern, but there is a lack of experimental data on the relationship between increased aging time and its mechanical properties.
The mechanical properties of specimens are shown in table 2.
On the magnetic, mechanical and rheological properties of rubber–nickel nanocomposites.
The affect of the environmental temperature on the neoprene rubber bearings the shear properties [J].

These provide indications reflecting both mechanical and micro-architectural properties of bone tissue.
(7) is the structure factor.
The main structural and acoustic properties of cancellous bone used to simulate the propagation of the ultrasonic waves in cancellous bone are listed in Table 1 [6].
This parameter does not affect the speed of the fast wave.
It affects the different ultrasound propagation speeds in the porous material.

Generally, various types of polymer are chosen to be used as a substrate for TiO2 with different types of petroleum based polymer such as polyethylene, polypropylene, polyvinyl chloride due to its low cost materials, good mechanical properties and light weight.
Biodegradable polylactic acid (PLA), polybutylene adipate-co-terephthalate (PBAT) and polybutylene succinate (PBS), which are biodegradable aliphatic polyesters, biopolymer polymer were interesting to replace other petroleum base polymer with many advantage e.g. biodegradable, easy to process and good mechanical properties.
The preparation of reaction temperatures were adjusted to optimum conditions, then the physical properties of the TiO2-biocomposite film were studied by x-ray diffraction, SEM, UV- near-IR spectrophotometer.
Surface morphology of TiO2 was one of the most important factors which affected to the efficiency of a photocatalytic films[10].
Accordingly, this TiO2 coating on the Bio-composite film could be excited by lower energy than the Bio-composite film without TiO2.Moreover,TiO2 coated biopolymer was suitable for photocatalyst because it was properties of semiconductor [6].