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Online since: January 2011
Authors: Šárka Houdková, František Zahálka, Michaela Kašparová, Ondrej Rozum
Used design of experiments (DOE) affects the quality of information distinctively, especially when there are more than 3 input factors.
Due thermal spraying coating or material testing, more than 5 input factors can influence the resulting material properties or behavior.
At first, primary designs of experiments were made to determine dominant input factors and their exact relation to resulting coating properties.
Some of the resulting coating properties (e.g. roughness, hardness, etc.) were considered the significant factors influencing the measured CoF.
Bayer: Mechanical Wear Prediction and Prevention.
Due thermal spraying coating or material testing, more than 5 input factors can influence the resulting material properties or behavior.
At first, primary designs of experiments were made to determine dominant input factors and their exact relation to resulting coating properties.
Some of the resulting coating properties (e.g. roughness, hardness, etc.) were considered the significant factors influencing the measured CoF.
Bayer: Mechanical Wear Prediction and Prevention.
Online since: May 2014
Authors: Helmut Clemens, Svea Mayer, Emanuel Schwaighofer, Martin Schloffer
The influence of the microstructural constituents on the mechanical properties is indicated.
Considering Fig. 1, where the influence of the microstructural constituents on the mechanical properties is indicated, the optimum relationship between materials properties and microstructure is expected for a NL γ microstructure.
But it has to be taken into account that all these features affect the mechanical properties of the material, too.
These results led to the determination of a two-step heat-treatment adjusting a NL γ microstructure with balanced mechanical properties.
Clemens, Technology and mechanical properties of advanced γ-TiAl based alloys, Int.
Considering Fig. 1, where the influence of the microstructural constituents on the mechanical properties is indicated, the optimum relationship between materials properties and microstructure is expected for a NL γ microstructure.
But it has to be taken into account that all these features affect the mechanical properties of the material, too.
These results led to the determination of a two-step heat-treatment adjusting a NL γ microstructure with balanced mechanical properties.
Clemens, Technology and mechanical properties of advanced γ-TiAl based alloys, Int.
Online since: July 2014
Authors: Yao Gong, Zhen Xu, Qing Yang Liu
(2) The material of model structure
Model structure material physical and mechanical properties in theory should be consistent with the prototype material according to the similarity ratio requirements[3,4].
The prototype materials should be adopted to make a model under ideal conditions, but the market restrictions, construction conditions and other factors determined that the trial production or purchase close to prototype material performance of the model is used to make model only in the case of possibility.
So the mechanical properties of the prototype material and model material were analyzed through material testing.
The factors causing the difference are: 1.Foam model is used when pouring the scale model, after construction the model is closed so that the foam cannot be moved out, and the modulus of elasticity for foam and concrete is 1.6x106kN/m2 and 3.45x107kN/m2, which would improve the overall stiffness; 2.
Because of the time effect, the data of bridge dynamic response haven’t collected yet under the circumstance that incentive traffic are driving at cracks occurring, however, monitor and identify the dynamic response of entire structure and local sound properties after damage and cracks occur, the principle and procedure are no difference with the initial crack monitoring and recognition under the intact condition while the distinctions between overall dynamic response and local sound properties show before and after cracks occurring, which can lead to the determination of cracks occurring, developing and such damage evolutions.
The prototype materials should be adopted to make a model under ideal conditions, but the market restrictions, construction conditions and other factors determined that the trial production or purchase close to prototype material performance of the model is used to make model only in the case of possibility.
So the mechanical properties of the prototype material and model material were analyzed through material testing.
The factors causing the difference are: 1.Foam model is used when pouring the scale model, after construction the model is closed so that the foam cannot be moved out, and the modulus of elasticity for foam and concrete is 1.6x106kN/m2 and 3.45x107kN/m2, which would improve the overall stiffness; 2.
Because of the time effect, the data of bridge dynamic response haven’t collected yet under the circumstance that incentive traffic are driving at cracks occurring, however, monitor and identify the dynamic response of entire structure and local sound properties after damage and cracks occur, the principle and procedure are no difference with the initial crack monitoring and recognition under the intact condition while the distinctions between overall dynamic response and local sound properties show before and after cracks occurring, which can lead to the determination of cracks occurring, developing and such damage evolutions.
Online since: September 2011
Authors: Xiang Dong Wang, Ai Min Deng, Dao Yuan Xu
Introduction
Numerical simulation has many merits under the physical conditions that the structure to be numerically simulated and the real structure are sufficiently similar, for example, time-saving, labor-saving, no equipment restrictions, repeatability, feasibility for simulation of complex loading paths that the load equipment is difficult to achieve, and stability of the results, i.e. the results are affected by the various factors in the tests [1,2].
Then, the stress intensity factor KⅠ, KⅡ, and KⅢ for each group of samples are calculated by inserting the critical effective crack length and the corresponding peak load into the corresponding dimensionless form of the stress intensity factor formula.
It shows that, because of taking into account the nonlinear properties of concrete, the results of numerical simulation reflect the impact fracture process zone, and the results are safe compare to the results in literature [6]. 1 2 KⅢ/ MPa·m1/2 KⅡ/ MPa·m1/2 KⅠ/ MPa·m1/2 1.
Acknowledgements This work is supported by the National Nature Science Foundation of China(Nos.10972072 and 50878077) References [1] Peng Yijiang, Li Baokun:Numerical Simulation of Meso-level Mechanical Properties of Roller Compacted Concrete[J].
[2] Zhu Wanchun, Zhao Qinlin:Mechanical Model and Numerical Simulation of Fracture Process of Concrete [J].
Then, the stress intensity factor KⅠ, KⅡ, and KⅢ for each group of samples are calculated by inserting the critical effective crack length and the corresponding peak load into the corresponding dimensionless form of the stress intensity factor formula.
It shows that, because of taking into account the nonlinear properties of concrete, the results of numerical simulation reflect the impact fracture process zone, and the results are safe compare to the results in literature [6]. 1 2 KⅢ/ MPa·m1/2 KⅡ/ MPa·m1/2 KⅠ/ MPa·m1/2 1.
Acknowledgements This work is supported by the National Nature Science Foundation of China(Nos.10972072 and 50878077) References [1] Peng Yijiang, Li Baokun:Numerical Simulation of Meso-level Mechanical Properties of Roller Compacted Concrete[J].
[2] Zhu Wanchun, Zhao Qinlin:Mechanical Model and Numerical Simulation of Fracture Process of Concrete [J].
Online since: August 2011
Authors: Li Zhang, Lei Chen, Lu Tie Xu, Wen Ping Chang
The test data can be exactly collected and effectively handled by this system, which has blow properties: high signal accuracy, high repeatability, simplicity of operator, et al.
The function of control system of intelligent ammunition is to control the ammunition dispersion and the opening time of ammunition cabin, which is affected by several types of disturbances.
The categories of key test signals and their properties are listed in table 1.
category and property of simulated signal Items signal property 1 Sine signal 2 Ambipolar rectangular wave signal 3 Double hump working current 4 TTL level signal 5 Time interval from zero time to opening time 6 Working current in control center design of hardware system basing on PC104 bus The modular technology of PC104 bus was used to design hardware.
Software is the hardcore of simulating test, which is most important factor for test precision and efficient.
The function of control system of intelligent ammunition is to control the ammunition dispersion and the opening time of ammunition cabin, which is affected by several types of disturbances.
The categories of key test signals and their properties are listed in table 1.
category and property of simulated signal Items signal property 1 Sine signal 2 Ambipolar rectangular wave signal 3 Double hump working current 4 TTL level signal 5 Time interval from zero time to opening time 6 Working current in control center design of hardware system basing on PC104 bus The modular technology of PC104 bus was used to design hardware.
Software is the hardcore of simulating test, which is most important factor for test precision and efficient.
Online since: October 2023
Authors: Rudolf Hela, Jan Klobása
The addition of fibres to concrete is not only used to increase fire resistance, but also to increase physical and mechanical properties.
The aim of this work is to provide a higher resistance to extreme high temperature exposure, where factors and details related to achieving the desired result are monitored.
Discussions The addition of all types of fibres positively affected the mechanical properties of concrete under normal conditions.
The fibre-added formulations also showed an increase in their residual mechanical properties after exposure to high temperature loading.
Recycled cellulose fibres could start to be applied in concretes to increase their mechanical and durability properties [3], [5].
The aim of this work is to provide a higher resistance to extreme high temperature exposure, where factors and details related to achieving the desired result are monitored.
Discussions The addition of all types of fibres positively affected the mechanical properties of concrete under normal conditions.
The fibre-added formulations also showed an increase in their residual mechanical properties after exposure to high temperature loading.
Recycled cellulose fibres could start to be applied in concretes to increase their mechanical and durability properties [3], [5].
Online since: December 2013
Authors: Bing Ting Zha, He Zhang, Xiang Jin Zhang
All the photoelectric detector module was fixed with the special mechanical properties.
Visual method explored burst point by eye and measure the time by stopwatch, which was affected by human factors and lack of objectivity, low accuracy; using sound and vibration sensor to detect, mainly to feel the sound and vibration generated during the explosion of the missile.
This detection was not affected by weather changes, but it was easy to false triggering; In contrast, the photoelectric measurement has advantages of high efficiency, good reproducibility, high sensitivity, and easy to implement automatic control and measuring[3].
Visual method explored burst point by eye and measure the time by stopwatch, which was affected by human factors and lack of objectivity, low accuracy; using sound and vibration sensor to detect, mainly to feel the sound and vibration generated during the explosion of the missile.
This detection was not affected by weather changes, but it was easy to false triggering; In contrast, the photoelectric measurement has advantages of high efficiency, good reproducibility, high sensitivity, and easy to implement automatic control and measuring[3].
Online since: October 2012
Authors: Lu Di Dong, Qiang Zhao, Ya Ni Fan
This paper makes an evidential analysis of Balidian catering buildings in Mount Shaohua scenic area by the typical demonstration; This paper analyzes the factors which influence the landscape architecture design and develop a method of the appropriate technical support for the landscape architecture design in mountainous scenic areas.
The landscape architecture design in mountainous scenic area is affected by many factors, which is a comprehensive space coordination issue.
The relationship between conditions of the natural resources and the designing of the landscape architecture In the natural environment, those natural elements that are related to the development of human society and can be used for producing useful value and affecting the labor productivity are usually called natural resources.
Machines, tools, skills and abilities are only one factor of the technology.
The type of connection is up to the difference between mechanical properties of different materials.
The landscape architecture design in mountainous scenic area is affected by many factors, which is a comprehensive space coordination issue.
The relationship between conditions of the natural resources and the designing of the landscape architecture In the natural environment, those natural elements that are related to the development of human society and can be used for producing useful value and affecting the labor productivity are usually called natural resources.
Machines, tools, skills and abilities are only one factor of the technology.
The type of connection is up to the difference between mechanical properties of different materials.
Online since: February 2022
Authors: Yurii F. Ivanov, Irina Panchenko, Yan Fei Geng, Xi Zhang Chen
The complex thermal cycle produced during the WAAM processing results in mixed microstructure (coarse and fine grain) in the whole part, which is harmful to the mechanical properties [4].
The previous investigations highlighted that the different surface treatments (ion beams, currents and energy densities, et al) refine grain size and improve mechanical properties [17-20].
Additionally, there is a melting phenomenon after surface treatment. there are some microcracks formed in the boundaries which are affected the tensile properties.
Papadimitriou, Microstructural changes accompanying repair welding in 5xxx aluminium alloys and their effect on the mechanical properties, Materials and Design. 27 (2006) 968–975
Wang, Effect of heat input on microstructure and mechanical properties of Al-Mg alloys fabricated by WAAM, Applied Surface Science. 486 (2019) 431–440
The previous investigations highlighted that the different surface treatments (ion beams, currents and energy densities, et al) refine grain size and improve mechanical properties [17-20].
Additionally, there is a melting phenomenon after surface treatment. there are some microcracks formed in the boundaries which are affected the tensile properties.
Papadimitriou, Microstructural changes accompanying repair welding in 5xxx aluminium alloys and their effect on the mechanical properties, Materials and Design. 27 (2006) 968–975
Wang, Effect of heat input on microstructure and mechanical properties of Al-Mg alloys fabricated by WAAM, Applied Surface Science. 486 (2019) 431–440
Online since: February 2008
Authors: Qing Li, Wei Li, Chaiy Rungsiyakull, Richard Appleyard, Michael Swain
One of most important factors to determine the clinical success of implantation consists in
osseointegration that is defined as 'direct structural and functional connection between ordered
living bone and the surface of a load-bearing implant'[1].
However, it still remains unclear how the implant biomaterials and corresponding surface morphologies would affect the osseointegration.
It is suggested that the microstructure and/or micro-morphology of the sub-surface and coated surface could largely affect the rate of bone adaptation to the implant surface [4].
Initially, a mechanical load of 200N [6] was applied on top of the crown at a 2 mm offset from the centre to the buccal side of the macro-scale model.
The corresponding elastic properties such as Young's modulus and Poisson ratio were determined from values obtained from the literature [2, 7, 8].
However, it still remains unclear how the implant biomaterials and corresponding surface morphologies would affect the osseointegration.
It is suggested that the microstructure and/or micro-morphology of the sub-surface and coated surface could largely affect the rate of bone adaptation to the implant surface [4].
Initially, a mechanical load of 200N [6] was applied on top of the crown at a 2 mm offset from the centre to the buccal side of the macro-scale model.
The corresponding elastic properties such as Young's modulus and Poisson ratio were determined from values obtained from the literature [2, 7, 8].