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Online since: February 2011
Authors: Song Xue, Bin Xu, Yu Bin Lu, Guang Ming Li, Bei Ping Xiang
Yet several investigations show the viscosity of melt decreases with the reduction of micro channel characteristic size, but there has been no sufficient experimental data for the conclusion.
The inadequacy might be attributed to the rheological data used in the current simulation packages which are obtained from measurements of macroscopic scale.
Although there is some evidence indicating that the polymer melt flows in micro channels differ from those in macro geometries and the viscosity of melt decreases with the reduction of micro channel characteristic size, there has been no sufficient experimental data for the conclusion till now.
The results indicated that the viscosity of polymer melt flowing through micro channel increases with the reduction of characteristic size of micro channel.
For Non-Newtonian fluids, two corrections are commonly applied to capillary data to obtain the correct viscosity of polymeric fluids.
The inadequacy might be attributed to the rheological data used in the current simulation packages which are obtained from measurements of macroscopic scale.
Although there is some evidence indicating that the polymer melt flows in micro channels differ from those in macro geometries and the viscosity of melt decreases with the reduction of micro channel characteristic size, there has been no sufficient experimental data for the conclusion till now.
The results indicated that the viscosity of polymer melt flowing through micro channel increases with the reduction of characteristic size of micro channel.
For Non-Newtonian fluids, two corrections are commonly applied to capillary data to obtain the correct viscosity of polymeric fluids.
Online since: May 2013
Authors: Hua Yan
When we apply the rough set theory, the data in decision table are required to be discrete.
Rough Set: Theoretical Aspects of Reasoning about Data.
A GA-based approach to rough data model.
Intelligent Data Analysis, 2001,5(5): 431-438 [39] Tay E.H., Shen L..
IEEE Transactions on Knowledge and Data Engineering, 2002,14(3):666-670 [40] Su Chao-Ton, Hsu Jyh-Hwa.
Rough Set: Theoretical Aspects of Reasoning about Data.
A GA-based approach to rough data model.
Intelligent Data Analysis, 2001,5(5): 431-438 [39] Tay E.H., Shen L..
IEEE Transactions on Knowledge and Data Engineering, 2002,14(3):666-670 [40] Su Chao-Ton, Hsu Jyh-Hwa.
Online since: March 2015
Authors: Chuan Liu, Chang Shu, Bao Shou Sun, Cheng Chao
Table 1 The level code table of closed type CWR shaft end concavity affect factors
The Influence Rules of Forming Angle on the End Quality in Closed CWR
According to the statistical data, it has drawn the chart about the depth values of concavity related to the variation of forming angle as shown in the Figure 4.From the figure,it is obvious that the depth values of concavity decrease along with the increasing of forming angles,when the forming angle is 20°,the depth value decreases by 6.94% which is not enough great.
Fig.4 The length of concavity along with the change of forming angle α β=5° (b)ψ=50% (c)D=40mm The Influence Rules of Broadening Angle on the End Quality in Closed CWR Writer has obtained the depth values of concavity under the influence of different broadening angles by simulation[5].According to the statistical data, it has drawn the chart about the depth values of concavity related to the variation of broadening angle as shown in the Figure 5.From the figure,it is obvious that the depth values of concavity decrease along with the increasing of broadening angle,when the broadening angle is 4°,the length of concavity is 7.96mm,while the broadening angle is 8°,the depth value decreases by 13.44%.
Fig.5 The length of concavity along with the change of broadening angle β (a) α=26° (b)ψ=50% (c)D=40mm The Influence Rules of Are's Reduction on the End Quality in Closed CWR Writer has obtained the length values of concavity under the influence of different reduction of area by simulation[5].According to the statistical data, it has drawn the chart about the depth values of concavity related to the variation of reduction of area as shown in the Figure 6.
From the figure,it is obvious that when the reduction of area ψ is varying from 30% to 40%,the length of concavity becomes larger along with the reduction of area ψ increasing.When the reduction of area ψ is varying from 50% to 70%,the length of concavity becomes larger along with the reduction of area ψ decreasing.And when the reduction of area is 40%,the length of concavity is the maximum as 7.81mm,while the reduction of area is 30%,the length of concavity decreases by 17.67%.
However,the inner metal in the end of shaft is going to reduce under the influence of reduction of area being larger,as a result,the radial compression which is acted on the surface of shaft's end is becoming smaller and smaller,then the displacement between surficial metal and inner metal is going to be smaller and smaller.[6] Fig.6 The concavity along with reduction of area ψ (a)α=26° (b)β=5° (c)D=40mm The Influence Rules of Billet Diameter on the End Quality in Closed CWR Writer has obtained the length values of concavity under the influence of billet diameter by simulation[5].According to the statistical data, it has drawn the chart about the depth values of concavity related to the variation of reduction of area as shown in the Figure 7.
Fig.4 The length of concavity along with the change of forming angle α β=5° (b)ψ=50% (c)D=40mm The Influence Rules of Broadening Angle on the End Quality in Closed CWR Writer has obtained the depth values of concavity under the influence of different broadening angles by simulation[5].According to the statistical data, it has drawn the chart about the depth values of concavity related to the variation of broadening angle as shown in the Figure 5.From the figure,it is obvious that the depth values of concavity decrease along with the increasing of broadening angle,when the broadening angle is 4°,the length of concavity is 7.96mm,while the broadening angle is 8°,the depth value decreases by 13.44%.
Fig.5 The length of concavity along with the change of broadening angle β (a) α=26° (b)ψ=50% (c)D=40mm The Influence Rules of Are's Reduction on the End Quality in Closed CWR Writer has obtained the length values of concavity under the influence of different reduction of area by simulation[5].According to the statistical data, it has drawn the chart about the depth values of concavity related to the variation of reduction of area as shown in the Figure 6.
From the figure,it is obvious that when the reduction of area ψ is varying from 30% to 40%,the length of concavity becomes larger along with the reduction of area ψ increasing.When the reduction of area ψ is varying from 50% to 70%,the length of concavity becomes larger along with the reduction of area ψ decreasing.And when the reduction of area is 40%,the length of concavity is the maximum as 7.81mm,while the reduction of area is 30%,the length of concavity decreases by 17.67%.
However,the inner metal in the end of shaft is going to reduce under the influence of reduction of area being larger,as a result,the radial compression which is acted on the surface of shaft's end is becoming smaller and smaller,then the displacement between surficial metal and inner metal is going to be smaller and smaller.[6] Fig.6 The concavity along with reduction of area ψ (a)α=26° (b)β=5° (c)D=40mm The Influence Rules of Billet Diameter on the End Quality in Closed CWR Writer has obtained the length values of concavity under the influence of billet diameter by simulation[5].According to the statistical data, it has drawn the chart about the depth values of concavity related to the variation of reduction of area as shown in the Figure 7.
Online since: August 2013
Authors: Jian Bin Ye, Zhi Yan Ding, Qi Zhu
Station energy efficient management system acquires and stores real-time energy consumption data of field devices by field bus.
The layer is a bridge between application layer and resource layer or external systems, and it separates data coupling of the two, and has data acquisition and access function.
It encapsulates access interface to resource layer, and ensures that the system will not depend on specific data source. 4) Resource Layer.
The data that generates from system interior or comes from other external systems is finally stored in the local database.
The peak and valley situation of energy demand data are vividly shown by way of graphics.
The layer is a bridge between application layer and resource layer or external systems, and it separates data coupling of the two, and has data acquisition and access function.
It encapsulates access interface to resource layer, and ensures that the system will not depend on specific data source. 4) Resource Layer.
The data that generates from system interior or comes from other external systems is finally stored in the local database.
The peak and valley situation of energy demand data are vividly shown by way of graphics.
Online since: March 2006
Authors: Ja Choon Koo, Y.S. Han, Sean W. Kang, Yeon Sun Choi
And it is the most expensive budget consumer so that controlling of the
flutter becomes the primary design issue of the data storage industry.
Furthermore the higher rotating speed requirement for the faster data throughput aggravates the fluttering situation in common integration of the modern rotating-disk-type data storage devices.
Although many digital data storage field researchers equipped with cutting edge computational resources are focusing on the development of an effective analysis tool, the given complexity of the rotor and fluid interaction physics hampers the enhancement efforts and the outcome usually becomes ad hoc.
Recognized advantages of the LES for the transient turbulent problems and the effectiveness of the squeeze film damper for the reduction of flutter of the rotating data storage devices, few of publications are available for the combined studies of damper design and air flow excitation by the numerical analysis models.
A theoretical study about LES from the digital data storage systems point of view has been presented.
Furthermore the higher rotating speed requirement for the faster data throughput aggravates the fluttering situation in common integration of the modern rotating-disk-type data storage devices.
Although many digital data storage field researchers equipped with cutting edge computational resources are focusing on the development of an effective analysis tool, the given complexity of the rotor and fluid interaction physics hampers the enhancement efforts and the outcome usually becomes ad hoc.
Recognized advantages of the LES for the transient turbulent problems and the effectiveness of the squeeze film damper for the reduction of flutter of the rotating data storage devices, few of publications are available for the combined studies of damper design and air flow excitation by the numerical analysis models.
A theoretical study about LES from the digital data storage systems point of view has been presented.
Online since: January 2022
Authors: Vijayabaskar Narayanamurthy, Kanakadandi Gopinath, Yendluri Venkata Daseswara Rao
This constitutive data is used in the numerical simulations.
The reduction in thickness due to stretching of the thin steel disc is evaluated from experiment and simulations.
The mean true stress-strain curve (Fig. 2(c)) derived from the mean engineering stress-strain curve data from the test results is considered for numerical simulations in explicit FEA.
The reduction in the thickness measured after experiment varied from 7.6% at r = 0 to 0 % at r = 0.96rmax.
There is a reasonable agreement between the experiment and simulation on the reduction sheet thickness.
The reduction in thickness due to stretching of the thin steel disc is evaluated from experiment and simulations.
The mean true stress-strain curve (Fig. 2(c)) derived from the mean engineering stress-strain curve data from the test results is considered for numerical simulations in explicit FEA.
The reduction in the thickness measured after experiment varied from 7.6% at r = 0 to 0 % at r = 0.96rmax.
There is a reasonable agreement between the experiment and simulation on the reduction sheet thickness.
Online since: December 2010
Authors: Jin Ying Li, Jin Chao Li, Ya Jun Wei, Yu Zhi Zhao
The rough set theory deals with identifying structural relationships in the data and it is useful in discovering potentially significant facts or data patterns in multidimensional attribute collections.
In a word, RSBPNN model through rough set to do data reduction uses the dataset as the design basis and training data of BP neural network, thus the two methods can complement each other.
This paper adopts the data from 2001 to 2006 as the training sample, the data have been disposed by tab.1.
“Equal frequency binning” in the ROSETTA software is used to do the data discrimination, and The Johnson's algorithm in the ROSETTA software is used to do attribute reduction.
[5] Ivo Diintsch, GUnther Gediga, “Rough set data analysis.”
In a word, RSBPNN model through rough set to do data reduction uses the dataset as the design basis and training data of BP neural network, thus the two methods can complement each other.
This paper adopts the data from 2001 to 2006 as the training sample, the data have been disposed by tab.1.
“Equal frequency binning” in the ROSETTA software is used to do the data discrimination, and The Johnson's algorithm in the ROSETTA software is used to do attribute reduction.
[5] Ivo Diintsch, GUnther Gediga, “Rough set data analysis.”
Online since: September 2018
Authors: Anatoly Kh. Adzhiev, Buzigit M. Khuchunaev, Fatima E. Kanametova
The analysis of the water-salt balance data in the Bolshoi Tambukan lake within the period 1972-2015 is performed.
Methodology In this work we analyzed the data of the lake water-salt balance from 1972 till 2015, we have carried out recession analysis of the collected data, which fragments are presented in the Table 1.
Morphological parameters year 1973 1978 1984 1989 2004 2008 Water volume (million m3) 0.71 1.56 3.15 4.83 8.58 9.31 Average-annual value of mineralization (g/l) 78 50 43 29 28 27 1 – experimental data, 2 – theoretical calculations.
The curves on the picture are fixed according to the collected data and with the help of the statement (1).
Month and annual precipitations on the lake flat water are measured according to the observation data at the Tambukan meteorological station, located on the north-eastern side of the lake.
Methodology In this work we analyzed the data of the lake water-salt balance from 1972 till 2015, we have carried out recession analysis of the collected data, which fragments are presented in the Table 1.
Morphological parameters year 1973 1978 1984 1989 2004 2008 Water volume (million m3) 0.71 1.56 3.15 4.83 8.58 9.31 Average-annual value of mineralization (g/l) 78 50 43 29 28 27 1 – experimental data, 2 – theoretical calculations.
The curves on the picture are fixed according to the collected data and with the help of the statement (1).
Month and annual precipitations on the lake flat water are measured according to the observation data at the Tambukan meteorological station, located on the north-eastern side of the lake.
Online since: May 2011
Authors: Li Li Meng, Mei Lin Li, Ke Di Yang, Yan Xuan Wen, Yun Fei Long, Hai Feng Su, Fan Wang
Li3V2(PO4)3/C has been synthesized by a simple one-step carbothermal reduction technology using LiH2PO4, V2O5 as the raw materials and sucrose as carbon source.
X-ray diffraction (XRD) and scanning electron microscope (SEM) measurements showed that Li3V2(PO4)3/C synthesized by one-step carbothermal reduction had monoclinic structure.
Carbon coated Li3V2(PO4)3 have been prepared using various methods,such as hydrogen reduction method [7, 14, 17-18], carbothermal reduction method(CTR) [3, 8, 16, 19], microwave method [20-21], sol-gel [8, 19, 22-24] , rheological phase method [25].
The impedance data were recorded in an AC voltage of 5mV in the frequency range from 100kHz to 1 mHz.
Fig.12 The CV(a) and EIS (b) of the optiminized Li3V2(PO4)3 /C Conclusions We have prepared Li3V2(PO4)3/C by a simple one-step carbothermal reduction technology.
X-ray diffraction (XRD) and scanning electron microscope (SEM) measurements showed that Li3V2(PO4)3/C synthesized by one-step carbothermal reduction had monoclinic structure.
Carbon coated Li3V2(PO4)3 have been prepared using various methods,such as hydrogen reduction method [7, 14, 17-18], carbothermal reduction method(CTR) [3, 8, 16, 19], microwave method [20-21], sol-gel [8, 19, 22-24] , rheological phase method [25].
The impedance data were recorded in an AC voltage of 5mV in the frequency range from 100kHz to 1 mHz.
Fig.12 The CV(a) and EIS (b) of the optiminized Li3V2(PO4)3 /C Conclusions We have prepared Li3V2(PO4)3/C by a simple one-step carbothermal reduction technology.
Online since: December 2013
Authors: Chia Jui Chiang, Chih Cheng Chou, Yu Hsuan Su, Yong Yuan Ku
The data acquisition and control algorithm is implemented in the MOTOTRON ECU.
The SNS control module communicates with the engine control module (ECM) through the SAE J1939 (CAN1) data link [7].
In DFT, the sequence of N data points x(1), x(2),…, x(N) is transformed into the list of coefficients of a finite combination of complex sinusoids, ordered by their frequencies.
Only the frequency range from 0 to 2 Hz of the spectrums are shown due to the fact that the Nyquist frequency of the sampled data is 2 Hz.
Moreover, discretization distortions (small amplitude steps) resulted from digitization of the continuous data during data acquisition can be clearly observed.
The SNS control module communicates with the engine control module (ECM) through the SAE J1939 (CAN1) data link [7].
In DFT, the sequence of N data points x(1), x(2),…, x(N) is transformed into the list of coefficients of a finite combination of complex sinusoids, ordered by their frequencies.
Only the frequency range from 0 to 2 Hz of the spectrums are shown due to the fact that the Nyquist frequency of the sampled data is 2 Hz.
Moreover, discretization distortions (small amplitude steps) resulted from digitization of the continuous data during data acquisition can be clearly observed.