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In this study, using materials thermo-physical data and CAD/CAE techniques the thermal fatigue life of a permanent mould is estimated. 3D solid models of the mould-casting system consisted of a permanent mould made from grade 60 ductile iron and an aluminium 7% Si, 0.3 % Mg Casting alloy (A356) were constructed in a CAD system.
If the design life (expected life) of a PM is not achieved in the service life (due to early failure for example) the benefit expected from the cost reduction of PM casting will diminish.
ANSYS FEA software has been utilized for a cyclic thermal analysis by employing APDL (Ansys Parametric Data Language).
Fig. 6 Equivalent Stresses on Selected Nodes Fig. 7 Equivalent Strains on Selected Nodes Conclusions In this study, using materials thermo-physical data and CAD/CAE techniques the thermal fatigue life of a permanent mould is estimated.

We conclude from our data that the CTE variations are likely to be almost independent of the crystal axis directions of SiC from 123 K up to 1573 K.
Values of the CTE were calculated from the temperature-dependent strain data by adopting an averaging equation of α = strain/ΔT.
Prior to the CTE calculations, we attempted to adopt various order of polynomials equations from 3 rd to 9 th for fitting the strain data we obtained.
Fig. 2 shows the resultant data of the CTEs in the temperature range between 173 K and 423 K calculated from the equations (1) and (2).
As shown in fig. 3 the strain data for three major crystal axis directions are likely to have no significant difference in a higher temperature range.

(6) where y is the experimental data yest is the simulation results n is number of given data Fig. 2.
Experimental data adapted from Trinh et al. [10]; (b) Relationship between Deff, t0, and standard error estimate (SEE).
The latter parameters had been estimated through the above process; however, the data are based on constant release stage.
It is needed to validate whether the simulation result is corresponded to experimental data for the decay release stage.
Square dots represent experimental data [10].

The temperature is measured continuously using a K type thermocouple and is recorded using an online data acquisition system.
The online measurement of temperature is done by using a National Instruments cDAQ -9174 chassis with NI 9211 four channeled Data acquisition system designed for thermocouples.
Fig. 4.Bubble formation on the surface at 150°C Results and discussion: The variation in temperature with the evaporation time is analyzed using the values stored using data acquisition system.
Also, the time obtained till which the temperature reaches that of the initial surface temperature without the droplet is recorded from the results stored using Data Acquisition system.
The reduction in temperature will retard the rate of pad wear.

Then it processes data according to the internally utilized program using structured C.
Further it has data storing system; therefore caring out computer to the field for the data storage is not necessary.
And also it has data recording system with programmed time intervals.
It is great advantage for continuous data collection without labor consume.
An reflection error is available on the results and expected to develop a noise reduction algorithm for the program.

The Development Status and Trends of VPN Technology In the process of implementation information security's, communication both sides must carry on processes and so on status authentication, data encryption, data integrity inspection and decipher.
SOCKS v5 may act according to the rule filtration data stream, controls including Java and ActiveX.
IPSEC guarantees the data security with the password technology from three aspects: Authentication: Using in carrying on the status distinction to the main engine and the vertex; Complete inspection: Using in guaranteeing data when through network transmission has not been revised; Encryption: With encrypting of the IP address and the data to guarantee private.
The IPSEC inspects transmission's data packet's integrity, guarantees that the data has not been revised.
The table of contents server may be located at the corporation sites or carrier NOC, This approach allows cost reduction.

Data Analysis.
For details of data analysis, see Xiaofang and Pengfei (2011).
While the use of PLS scores into NN regression models (PLS-NN) has not been as widespread as that of PCA, Honigs discussed the merits of PLS-NN [13], the advantages reported include the data reduction from the use of the PLS scores, easy identification and elimination of outliers and regression curvature reduction and improved regression slope and offset.
Detailed data [15] used in network training are shown as Tab.1.
The model outputs with the test data are plotted versus the targets as stars.

The total nitrogen concentrations of leachate (Recorded as CTN) that located at the bottom of equipments were determined periodically (1 or 2 times per week), the variation laws of CTN that located at the bottom of two landfill equipments with time were researched, and the reasons for the differences were also analyzed; During the period that the degradation of the landfill waste came into a relatively stable stage, the leachate that located at each sampling points of upper, middle and lower horizontal sections of the landfill equipments was collected periodically, and the CTN was determined, the CTN　data of each point of upper, middle and lower layers were processed by using Surfer software respectively, and the spacial variation characteristics and differences of two landfill equipments were also discussed.
Therefore, making full use of the functions of biological treatment in landfill site, reduction of total nitrogen concentrations in leachate from the landfill source, to dispose the total nitrogen economically and effectively, and eventually achieving the total nitrogen "harmless, reduction and recyele", had become the hot research topics in landfill disposal technology[2,3].

With the help of the traffic speed data ,traffic density data and traffic volume data from the traffic survey and analysis, the features of traffic flow，which change with the morning peak appearing, have been found by modeling.
The former requires that a wide variety of data and information be assembled that adequately describe the current of systems, facilities and traffic [1].
When calculate the traffic capacity, multiply the capacity by reduction factors in order to correct the effect by the slope [2].There is a few researches about the effect by the horizontal curve of the approach bridge.
Get the traffic flow data in the morning from 6:00 to 9:00 by videotape observation.
The traffic volume from point C to point B [pcu/15min] 　Survey location Time Lane1 Lane2 Total 6：30--6：45 126 154 280 6：45--7：00 118 149 267 7：00--7：15 130 153 283 7：15--7：30 121 158 279 7：30--7：45 137 179 316 7：45--8：00 145 174 319 8：00--8：15 150 165 315 8：15--8：30 143 162 305 8：30--8：45 145 172 317 8：45--9：00 140 169 309 9：00--9：15 135 164 299 Data analysis With the help of the traffic analysis, the researchers could confirm the morning peak and found the relationship between traffic flow factors and other extrinsic impact factors [7].

Wink and Litvin [6,7] have studied the knowledge about reduction of noise of loaded and unloaded gear drives.
FE analysis of SBGD Straight bevel gears are developed based on the geometric data in the table 1 and are assembled into a SBGD under the PRO/E software environment.
Table 1 Basic geometric data of the example straight bevel gear pair Planetary pinion Axle shaft gear Module [mm] m 6.15 Shaft angle [deg] Σ 90 Number of teeth z 10 18 Pitch diameter [mm] D 61.5 110.7 Outer cone distance [mm] R 63.318 Pitch angle [deg] δ 20.0546 60.9454 Addendum [mm] ha 8.11 4.25 Dedendum [mm] hf 5.35 9.21 Face width [mm] b 24 Determination of the meshing interval for investigation.
Kapelevich, Asymmetric modified spur gear drives: reduction of noise, localization of contact, simulation of meshing and stress analysis, Computer Methods in Applied Mechanics and Engineering188(2000) 363-390
Litvin, Daniele Vecchiato, Kenji Yukishima, Reduction of noise of loaded and unloaded misaligned gear drives, Computer Methods in Applied Mechanics and Engineering195(2006) 5523-5536