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This structure of spinodal decomposition is about 20-40nm in size, dispersed throughout the entire cross-section of the sample.
The microstructure has a spinodal modular structure, 20-40nm modular block size.
SEM image of Cu-9Ni-6Sn after uniformity, aging 3500C in 2h time clearly observed the structure of the modular structure of spinodal decomposition with modular structure size is about 10nm.
The spinodal module structure is distributed evenly over the entire block (Fig.7).
Journal of Physics and Chemistry of Solids, (2005). 66(2-4): p. 256-260

Study on the Gas Sensitivity of a CeO2 Based Ceramic Sensing Element: Structure and Characteristic Tao Yan, Xiaolin Liu and Jianfeng Chen* Key Lab for Nanomaterials, Ministry of Education; Research Center of the Ministry of Education for High Gravity Engineering and Technology, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, PR China Keywords: Copper oxide, Gas sensitivity, Cerium oxide, CO Abstract.
In all samples, the distinct fluorite-type oxide structure of CeO2 was present.
So we can demonstrate that the copper atoms had introduced into the ceria structure.
Doping of transition metal oxides to CeO2 dramatically influence the defect chemistry and CO sensing performance.

Synthesis and Properties of Nd-substituted Bismuth Titanate Polycrystalline Thin Films with a-/b-axes Orientation Masahiro Kurachi1, Hirofumi Matsuda 2, Takashi Iijima 2, Hiroshi Uchida 1 and Seiichiro Koda 1 1 Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Technology, Sophia University 7-1, Kioi-cho, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo 102-8554, Japan 2 National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology, Tsukuba 305-8568, Japan Keywords: Bismuth layer-structured ferroelectrics, Chemical solution deposition, Orientation control, Poly-crystalline film, Lanthanoids ABSTRACT Nd-substituted Bi4Ti3O12 (BNT) polycrystalline thin films with preferred a-/b-axes orientations were grown on sputter-grown IrO2(101) layers by chemical solution deposition method.
INTRODUCTION Recently, bismuth layer structured ferroelectrics (BLSF) have been intensively investigated as candidate materials for non-volatile ferroelectric random access memory (Nv-FeRAM) devices against the lead-containing materials [1].
The a-/b-axes-oriented BIT-type epitaxial thick films have been achieved by utilizing bottom electrode layers of simple perovskite [10] and rutile-type structure [11] because ferroelectric polarization of the film is directly related to the crytallographic orientation.
The crystal structure and orientation behavior of deposited films were investigated by x-ray diffraction [(XRD), X'pert Pro, PANAlytical] of CuKα radiation.

Zu1,g 1Department of Applied Physics, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 610054, China 2Department of Physics and Engineering Technology, Sichuan University of Arts and Science, Dazhou 635000, China 3Institute of Nuclear Physics and Chemistry, China Academy of Engineering Physics, Mianyang 621900, China aftkjm@yeah.net, byanglilkd@yahoo.com.cn, cpengshuming@hotmail.com, dlongxinggui@hotmail.com, ewlzc@yahoo.com.cn, gxiaotqaozu@yahoo.com Keywords: Bond-order potential; hcp-scandium.
The self-interstitial atom (SIA) formation energy, the properties of the face-centered cubic (fcc), body centered cubic (bcc), simple cubic (sc) and diamond structures of scandium are also tested using the fitted parameters and listed in Table 2.
DFT predicts the Bo to be the most stable, while the Bc structure is the most stable for Hu potential.
At the same time the structural stability of the real hcp lattice relative to fcc, bcc, sc and diamond structures was also tested.
Massalski: 1980 Structure of Metals 3rd edn (Oxford: Pergamon), p. 626 [12] R.

X-ray diffraction studies were conducted to determine the crystal structure with a Philips PW3710 diffractometer using CuKα radiation at 35 kV and 25 mA.
One can see that (100), (002), (101) peaks of hexagonal structure (JCPDS 36-1415) appears, no preferential orientation exhibited.
The films are crystalline and exhibit the hexagonal structure with the three important peaks in the recorded range identified.
Chemistry of Materials. 2004; 16: 2965-2968
Effect of coupling structure of Eu on the photoluminescent characteristics for ZnO:EuCl3 phosphors [J] Appl Phys Lett 1998, 72: 668-670

According to the conducted researches [10, 11] the structure of fine concrete, first of all formed by granules of small filler is capable to reach the best indicator only in case of application of sand Large (FR. 2.5-3.0) and Increased size (FR. 3.0-5.0), corresponding to the requirements.
References [1] Rozental N.K., Chekhniy G.V., The reasons for the formation and methods of preventing the formation of efflorescence on the surface of building structures, Proceedings of the 1st All-Russian Conference on Concrete, Moscow, 2001, pp. 1444- 1447 [2] Babkov V.V., Klimov V.P., Sakhibgareev R.R., Chuikin A.E., Mechanisms of efflorescence on surfaces of external walls of buildings from a piece of wall materials, Magazine of Building materials. 8 (2007) 74-76
[4] Babkov V.V., Gabitov A.I., Chuikin A.E., Features of salinization on the surfaces of the external walls of buildings erected in winter conditions on the basis of piece wall materials, Bashkir Chemistry Journal. 5 (2007) 156-159
[8] Stepanova V.F., Rozental N.K., Chekhniy G.V., Reasons for the formation of efflorescence on the surface of building structures, Building materials, equipment and technologies of the XXI century. 3 (2000) 12-13
D., Influence of fine-grained concrete structure on the main technical properties, Concrete Technology. 2 (2013) 16-17

Magnesium alloys exhibit, however, low ductility near room temperature due to their limited number of active slip systems having a HCP crystal structure.
Addition of solute elements to pure magnesium can improve the formability either by reducing the axial ratio (c/a) or by transforming the hexagonal crystal structures into a cubic structure.
Reducing the axial ratio of HCP structures can be accomplished through the addition of alloying elements, which occupy the substitutional sites of the crystal lattice.
Pearson: The Crystal Chemistry and Physics of Metals and Alloys (Wiley-Interscience, New York, 1972)

The precise structure and polymorphs of the biominerals are controlled by a small amount of bio-macromolecules, such as proteins and polysaccharides, contained in the minerals [2,3].
In copoly[Ser(P) x Aspy ] (x : y = 75 : 25, 50 : 50, 25 : 75), the spherical vaterite (Fig. 1b), the epitaxial calcite (Fig. 1c) and the helical structure with a clockwise P twined spiral morphology (Fig. 1d) were obtained.
Most interestingly, when the Ca 2+/copoly[Ser(P) 75 Asp 25 ] residue molar ratio in the mixed solution was 10, a CaCO3 helical structure with a clockwise P twined spiral morphology was obtained (Fig. 1d).
The helical crystals were calcite and had a regular repetition structure.
Mann: Biomineralization: Principles and Concepts in Bioinorganic Materials Chemistry (Oxford Univ Press, UK 2001)

Some famous mathematicians discovered the existence of a special structure and morphology with study on continuous non-differentiable curves.
In the past few years, fractals have been found to have very important applications in science, such as physics, chemistry, geology, electron microscopy, and so on [7-12].
Mandelbrot set is an impressive and a highly visual aesthetic image with complex and delicate structure.
The structure between the part and the whole pattern is constantly repetitive and similar.
This situation has become infinitely fine structure in the visual performance.

Synthesis, Fluorescence and Kinetic of a New Photochromic Diarylethene Bearing Condensed Aromatics Moiety Renjie Wang, Weibin Li, Weijun Liu, Gang Liu* Jiangxi Key Laboratory of Organic Chemistry, Jiangxi Science and Technology Normal University, Nanchang 330013, P.
The photochromic process of diarylethenes is based on a reversible transformation between the open-ring isomer with a hexatriene structure and the closed-ring isomer with a cyclohexadiene structure, according to the Woodward–Hoffmann rule [2, 4].
Generally, the open-ring isomer is colorless in most cases, while closed-ring isomer shows some color, such as yellow, red, or blue, depending on the molecular structures.
The structure of compound diarylethene 1o was characterized by 1H NMR spectroscopy. 1H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl3, TMS): δ 2.17 (s, 3H, –CH3), 2.31 (s, 3H, –CH3), 4.01-4.12(m, 4H, –CH2), 5.79 (s, 1H, 1,3-dioxolane–H), 6.83 (s, 1H, thiothene–H), 7.17 (d, 2H, benzene–H, J = 8.0), 7.30-7.34 (m, 2H, benzene–H, J = 8.0), 7.40-7.52 (m, 3H, naphthalene–H, J = 8.0), 7.79 (d, 1H, naphthalene–H, J = 8.0), 7.70-7.86 (t, 2H, naphthalene–H, J = 8.0).