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Weather, moisture content, temperature, soil properties, salinity, humidity, wind direction and some parameters taken into consideration when discussing environmental factors in term of atmospheric environment.
Effect of Silica Sand Filler on Mechanical Properties of Epoxy Grout for Composite Repair of Steel Pipelines.
Mechanical properties of graphene-modified epoxy grout for pipeline composite repair.
Mechanical properties of graphene nanoplatelets-reinforced epoxy grout in repairing damaged pipelines.
Jurnal Teknologi MECHANICAL PROPERTIES OF NANOTUBES-MODIFIED EPOXY GROUT FOR.

But cost is still the main factor, which restricts the PV development.
Main affecting factors of lifetime include crystal defects, impurity concentration and so on.
Many thermal donors will directly affect the properties of solar cell.
Although the cost at current is higher than CZ-Si, by optimizing growing conditions and mechanical structure of the stove to increasesilicon crystal output, the cost can be decreased greatly even lower than CZ-Si.

Ghani e Dept. of Mechanical & Material Engineering, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Bangi, Malaysia a faxury@yahoo.com.my, babubakar@eng.ukm.my, ckimi_ilmn@yahoo.com, dchase@eng.ukm.my, e jaharah@eng.ukm.my Keywords: Stainless steel; Surface roughness; Insert nose radius Abstract.
Austenitic typed stainless steels mainly used because it can withstand operation at high temperature and higher corrosion resistance properties [1].
Surface roughness has affected by many factors like the cutting tool geometry, depth of cut, cutting speed, feed rate, the microstructure of work piece, the rigidity of the lathe [4].
If the value less than the confident interval, the factor are significant due to the response.
In the limits of test, the parameters affecting the average surface roughness are, in respect of importance, as the following: feed rate, insert radius and cutting speed.

In the elastoplastic state, mineral grains are enclosed by bitumen, which, at low stresses that do not even exceed the yield stress, has elastic properties, and at high stresses, visco-elastic properties.
In addition to temperature, asphalt concrete in a road structure is affected by climatic and natural factors in the form of rain, meltwater, etc.
These parameters are also affects the deformational stability of asphalt concrete.
Selection of effective compositions of asphalt concrete should be based on the laws of the change in physical and mechanical properties from the operating conditions of each component.
Technical efficiency, which depends on the level of improvement in the parameters of physical, mechanical and operational properties. 2.

Introduction It is well known that the existence of pores can act as crack initiation sites causing stress concentration, reduce the load bearing area, and detriment static/dynamic mechanical properties of the sintered part
[1, 2] Mechanical properties of porous materials with pores inside are strongly dependent on the amount, size, distribution, and shape of pores.
There have been a large numbers of researches on the effect of porosity on the mechanical properties of sintered parts inevitably containing pore for a long time. [3~6] The majority of the researches were, however, focused on the parts made by conventional powder metallurgy mainly consisting of pressing and sintering, in which the systematic control of pore shape and microstructure is inherently difficult.
(6) It should be noted in the present model that the initial stacking structure, i.e. the initial porosity �i affects the strength of sintered parts even with the same porosity.
Haynes, The Mechanical Bchaviour of Sintered of Sintered Metals, (Freund Pub., London, UK 1981)

Study of Interfacial Bonding Strength of Coat based on XRD Dejun Kong1,a ,Yongkang Zhang1,2,b , Aixin Feng 1 , Jinzhon Lu 1 and Tao Ge1 1 School of Mechanical Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China 2 School of Mechanical and Power Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China a kong-dejun@163.com, bykzhang@ujs.edu.cn Keywords: Interfacial bonding strength, X-ray diffraction (XRD), Coat, Residual stress Abstract.
Introduction Coat technology is one of the important means to increase material surface performances, such as wearability, corrosion resistance, thermal resistance, fatigue resistance, radiation resistance and special properties of light, heat and electricity [1-3].
Residual stress is a widespread phenomenon during coat process, and is one of the main factors which effect bonding strength between coat and matrix [4].
Its hardness is above HRC65 after quenching and annealing of removing residual stress, TiN coat is deposited on ceramic cutting tool by PVD (Physical vapor deposition), and their mechanical properties are shown as Table 1 [7-8].
Table 1 Mechanical properties of Si3N4 substrate and TiN coat Material Expansion coefficient [K-1] Elasticity module [GPa] Density [g/cm 3] Si3N4 3.35×10-6 300 3.21 TiN 8.0×10-6 450 5.44 Test Device.

The author researched the mechanism of filtration on the basis of experiment and discovered that the porous structure is a key factor affecting the efficiency.
Porous structure type in fiber filter bed Factors influencing the efficiency of the filter The expansion ratio of the fibers The expansion ratio of the fibers impacted deeply on filtration efficiency by experiment result.
Contact sediment, mechanical removing, contact flocculation taken place distinctively in every pass hole.
Conclusions Fiber is a new kind of filtration materials whith can to improve filtration efficiency .The most important factor to dominate filtration efficiency is internal porous and porosity of fiber in-depth bed which will be controlled by structure and construction in filtration bed.
Water & Wastewater Engineering 2004(5):21-24 [8] Wanjun FU, ZL2007 1 00647 14.9 State Intellecture Property Office of The peoples Republic China Jun.29 2011.

In the solvent extraction step, various influence factors, such as pH of solvent, treatment time, and temperature were studied respectively.
Introduction Activated carbon (AC) possesses amazing absorption properties due to its abundant porous structure, high specific surface area, and functional groups on the surface.
Solid-to-liquid ratio is one of the important factors which has an impact on AC regeneration.
Meanwhile due to the large filtrate volume, the load and the cost of the mechanical separation unit can be enlarged.
Another important factor affecting the RE is the processing time with solvent.

Wear of diamond tool is also very serious, which affects the surface quality of the machined work material, even if ductile mode where an undeformed chip thickness is at a nano scale is used.
The wear process can be due to the combined actions of mechanical abrasion wear and adhesion wear.
Adams [4] used the electronic structure methods to investigate adhesion between Al and various ceramics to determine the factors that control adhesion.
The amorphous phase in the chip and the machined surface is in a high energy state and their chemical property is active, under high temperature condition, it is easy to react with carbon atoms in the tool surface.
Summary wear of diamond tool is also very serious, which affects the surface quality of the machined work material, even if ductile mode where an undeformed chip thickness is at a nano scale is used.

The size of SDAS directly affects the distribution of composition segregation, second phase and formation of solidification micropores.
On the other hand, SDAS has a significant impact on the mechanical properties as well as high cycle fatigue [1-3].
When a chemical element is added, the mathematical model of coarsening coefficient A can be expressed to function of C0, Ci, m and k: A=f(C0，Ci，m，k) (3) The partial derivation of each variable parameter can be obtained as follows: (4) (5) (6) (7) Let A' be the criterion factor of the coarsening coefficient of the secondary dendrite arm spacing, which can be obtained by combining (3) - (7): A' = (8) It is deduced from (8) that when different solutes of the same concentration are added respectively and the criterion factor A' is less than zero, the element will contribute to refining the SDAS, and the larger the absolute value of A' is, the more obvious the refining effect of the element will be.
In this model, the coarsening coefficient depends on many factors such is m, k, co and ci.
[3] Lorella Ceschini, Alessandro Morri, Stefania Toschi, Sten Johansson, Salem Seifeddine, Microstructural and mechanical properties characterization of heat treated and overaged cast A354 alloy with various SDAS at room and elevated temperature, Materials Science and Engineering: A, (648) 2015, 340-349