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The result shows that the Gd5Si1.99Ge2Zn0.01 alloy has monoclinic phase with Gd5Si2Ge2-type structure.
The polymorphic orthorhombic phase with Gd5Si4-type structure coexists with the monoclinic phase in Gd5Si2Ge2 alloy.
There are two phases which is a large amount of the monoclinic Gd5Si2Ge2-type structure and small amount of the orthorhombic Gd5Si4-type structure in Gd5Si2Ge2 alloy.
During first-order phase transition process, the structural phase transition and magnetic phase transition will be simultaneous generating, the crystal structure adopts the orthorhombic structure in the ferromagnetic (FM) state and changes into the monoclinic structure in the paramagnetic (PM) state.
,et al. in: Handbook on the Physics and Chemistry of Rare Earth, edited by K.A.

Introduction Survived from generations of evolution, some plants such as Nelumbo nucifera (or commonly known as the lotus plant) have developed a unique approach that combines chemistry and physics to achieve superhydrophobicity for its surface, leading to self-cleaning and water repellency.
As the deposition potential was increased to -1 V, the rod-like structures evolved into conical structures which bundled via self-assembling process into flower-like microstructures.
Fig. 5 is the proposed mechanism for the formation of ZnO into hierarchical dual-structure.
These ZnO nanocrystals eventually grow anisotropically into nanorod structures.
Several of these structures further aggregate side by side to reduce their surface energies.

Complex flow structures are found in the recirculation zone.
Investigations have taken advantage of laser diagnostic techniques[2， 3] and large-eddy simulations (LES) [4] to understand the chemistry and fluid dynamics of reacting swirling flows.
And the compositional structures of these methane flames are measured using the simultaneous Raman-Rayleigh laser-induced fluorescence (LIF) technique.
The combusting flow conditions are described in the second section, where details of the flame structure are given.
The influence of velocity ratio on the flow structure is the result of interaction of fuel jet and swirl air.

The fiber was ground to disrupt the lumen structure or extracted with diethyl ether to remove wax from cotton.
When cotton fiber is damaged and cut by the grinding process, the intact lumen structure is destroyed and inside lumen can be seen.
When cotton was ground into the smaller size than its fiber length (18mm), the intact lumen structure of cotton was damaged and cotton fiber could not hold oil inside lumen.
It shows that the intact lumen structure is more important than wax on the surface in the oil sorption of lignocellulosic fiber.
Further research is called for in the application of lignocellulosic fibers for sorption to define the factors contributing to sorption, and to investigate the potentials for modification of the surface chemistry to increase sorption capacity.

Protein Adsorption Behavior of Hydroxyapatite during Hydrothermal Synthesis Toshio Nagasaki1, 2, a, Fukue Nagata2, b * Makoto Sakurai1, c and Katsuya Kato2, d 1 National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), 2266-98 Anagahora, Shimoshidami, Moriyama-ku, Nagoya, Aichi 463-8560, Japan 2 Department of Applied Chemistry, Chubu University, 1200 Matsumoto-cho, Kasugai, Aichi 487-8501, Japan atoshio-nagasaki@aist.go.jp, bf.nagata@aist.go.jp, csakurai@isc.chubu.ac.jp, dkatsuya-kato@aist.go.jp Keywords: Hydroxyapatite, Hydrothermal synthesis, Protein adsorption, Surface structure, Abstract.
The surface structure of hydroxyapatite (HAp) particles during hydrothermal synthesis and their protein adsorption behavior were investigated.
The purpose of this study was to examine the surface structure of HAp particles during hydrothermal synthesis and their protein adsorption behavior.
According to the literature, CO32− ions tend to occupy the OH and PO4 sites in the HAp structure [17].
Summary The surface structure of HAp particles during hydrothermal synthesis and their protein adsorption behavior were examined.

The Effect of Phosphotungstic Acid Filled on Carboxymethyl Cellulose/Polyvinyl Alcohol Matrix as the Polymer Electrolyte Membrane Yohana Ivana Kedang1,2,a, Lukman Atmaja1,b*, Mardi Santoso1,c, Arif Priyangga1,d 1Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Institut Teknologi Sepuluh Nopember, Surabaya, 60111, Indonesia 2Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Agriculture, Universitas Timor, Kefamenanu, 85613, Indonesia ayohanakedangunimor@gmail.com, b*lukman_at@chem.its.ac.id, ctvs9@chem.its.ac.id, darifpriyangga97@gmail.com Keywords: Carboxymethyl cellulose, Polyvinyl Alcohol, Phosphotungstic Acid, Mixed Matrix membrane.
The filler PTA also supports the membrane to form a homogenous surface structure.
The CMC membrane (Fig. 5(a)) and the CMC/PVA/CA membrane (Fig. 5(b)) showed a dense structure without void and aggregation due to the CMC, PVA and CA are well dispersed and homogenous in solution.
It is in an agreement with the FTIR analysis, which showed that the PTA Filler was blended into the membrane structure.
Han, ‘Synthesis and structure of carboxymethylcellulose with a high degree of substitution derived from waste disposable paper cups’, Carbohydr.

China 2State Key Lab of Rare Earth Resource Utilization, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130022, P.
Many types of branched nanocrystals such as mulitipod, star-shaped, and nanoflower or nanothorn structures have been synthesized using multiple step solution-phase synthesis methods [1].
Thus, the irregular nanosheets can be confirmed to be cubic structure of the magnetite.
The final shape of the product is the cooperative result of the internal crystal structure and the external factors.
Thus, the cooperative result of the internal crystal structure and external reaction factors leads to the formation of unique multi-branched FeO(OH) structures.

Up until now, however, these experimental results have not been theoretically interpreted, and information on local structure for this impurity center has not been obtained.
P0 is the dipolar hyperfine structure parameter for the free 3d5 ion.
The core polarization constant in the formulas of the hyperfine structure constants can be determined from the relationship  2/(3 ) [21].
Therefore, the g-shifts and the anisotropy of the g factors (or the hyperfine structure constants) are much less sensitive to the local structure (or the impurity shift Z), and then the experimental g factors close to 2 and the almost isotropy for the observed g factors and the hyperfine structure constants [8] can be understood. 3) The theoretical calculations (Cal. b) based on omissions of the ligand contributions lead to the slightly higher D value, when the impurity shift is considered.
Weast: CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics (CRC Press, Boca Raton 1989) p.

The formed magnetic-fluorescent liposomes with embedded structure can be used for both magnetic resonance imaging and fluorescent imaging in biological field.
With recent developments in chemistry and the synthesis of powerful, innovative contrast agent such as iron oxide, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) has become one of the most important imaging modalities in both clinical and research settings because of its fast scan times, its capacity to produce excellent quality and high-resolution images, and because there is no need for radiochemicals [1, 2].
To build magnetic-fluorescent multimodality imaging probes, various structures have been designed and fabricated, such as embedded [3-6], dumbbell-like [7, 8], and linker-coupled core/shell structures [9, 10].
Furthermore, the stability of these structures in biological media is needed to be further evaluated.
In this work, we will encapsulate hydrophilic iron oxide and hydrophobic QDs into liposomes to form embedded structure.

Elemental analysis and crystal structure were evaluated using Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscopy (FESEM), Energy Dispersive X-ray (EDX) and X-ray Diffraction (XRD) analysis.
The XRD results in Figure 3 indicates several peaks correspond to ZnO crystal planes which can be indexed to hexagonal structure of ZnO with lattice constant a= 3.24 Å and c = 5.19 Å.
Chemistry of Materials. 2007;19(21):5143-7
Growth temperature and V/III ratio effects on the morphology and crystal structure of InP nanowires.
The use of gold for fabrication of nanowire structures.