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In average, one PS structure unit interacted with three benzene molecules in the gel system.
The structure, property and interaction between water and polymer of gels always draw much attention of researchers.
In physical gel systems, the polymer and solvent are connected by physical interaction and the structure would be relatively simple.
DSC and FTIR were also used to study the structures and properties of them. 2.
Jing: Sci. in China Series B: Chemistry Vol. 52 (2009), p. 117 [2] S.

In order to control corrosion, cathodic protection is commonly being employed on the structures and equipment.
Cathodic protection is accomplished by applying a direct current to the structure which causes the structure potential to change from the natural corrosion potential (Ecorr).
Critical pH observed for duplex stainless steel is a trade of between hydrogen evolution and absorption for given duplex structure.
In order to study those effects, artificial sea water is used to simulate sea conditions which are generally used for marine structures.
[5] Shyan-Liang Chou, Wen-Ta Tsai, Hydrogen Embrittlement of duplex stainless steel in concentrated sodium chloride solution, Materials chemistry and physics, 60 (1999) 137

Preparation of Core/shell Composite Latex Particles and Toughening Modification for Polyamide 6 LIU Xi Jun a , LI Hai Ping b , LI Feng c , TIAN Rui Xia d and LI Qing e College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Qiqihar University, Qiqihar 161006,China a Liuxijun2002@163.com, bHaiping010@yahoo.com.cn, cLifeng3705@yahoo.com.cn, d Trx0728@yahoo.com.cn, eLiqing4331683@126.com Keywords: ITA, PA 6, Toughing modification, Compatibilizer, Core/shell latex particles Abstract.
In this paper, a novel poly(butyl methacry1ate)/poly(methyl methacrylate-itaconic acid)(PBA/P(MMA-ITA)) latex particles with core/shell structure (CSR) was synthesized by the method of pre-emulsion semi-continuous seeded emulsion polymerization.
The core/shell structure of CSR was characterized by TEM and confirmed that the average size of CSR particles was about 330 nm and that of PBA core was about 290 nm.
Testing and Characterization The ITA content of CSR core/shell particles was analyzed by non-aqueous acid-base titration, and its structure was characterized by TEM after being dyed with aqueous solution of phosphatotungstic acid with the concentration of 2% and pH of 6.0~8.0.
When the dosage of ITA was 6% of shell monomer and core/shell mass ratio was 60/40, the Fig.1 Effects of ITA dosage on ITA content in shell layer Fig.2 Effects of the core/shell ratio on ITA content in shell layer morphology of CSR particles were indeed core/shell structure (showed as Fig.3).

Rogachevb*, Ruiqi Shena aKey Lab of Soft Chemistry and Functional Materials of Ministry of Education, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing 210094, China bFrancisk Skaryna Gomel State University, Gomel 246019, Belarus * Corresponding author.
Thus Cu interlayer changes bonded structure of C layer and prevents further graphitization effectively.
Moreover, Cu/DLC bilayer has showed a nano-structure surface with smaller particle size and Rms roughness.
The stress of as-deposited Cu/DLC bilayer decreased evidently due to soft/hard layer structure.
Structure and mechanical properties of (Cu,Ti) - binary metal doped diamond-like carbon films.

Various crystal phases of alumina could be ascribed to the purity and crystal structure of precursor, as well as the re-calcination temperature and time.
In the research literature of Igor Levin (1998), it is noted that the purity and crystal structure of alumina are closely related to the purity and crystal structure of the precursor, namely Al(OH)3 [8].
Thus, the carbonation process is of great importance to the key parameters of the final alumina such as coarseness, purity and crystal structure.
And it is mentioned in literature [8] that the purity and crystal structure will cause a great difference in the final product of alumina.
(in Chinese) [8] Igor Levin, David Brandon, Metastable alumina polymorphs: crystal structures and transition sequences, J AM CERAM SOC. 81(1998): 1995-2012.

Therefore, the comparison based on heterostructure and amorphous structure for series polymer blends can be used to predict practical devices.
X-ray Diffractometer (XRD) is utilized to determine the material's phase structure and crystallinity by absorbing X-rays.
Even while the peaks on the various crystal structures seem identical, some of them are unique to each phase, making it possible to identify them.
According to the results of ferroelectric properties, PU and PMMA have amorphous structures, which also decrease the pyroelectric coefficient (shown in Fig. 5b), resulting in low ᐃT.
Papet: Materials Chemistry and Physics, vol. 117 (2009), p. 169-172

The HA structure [3] allows the substitution of Ca, by many other metal cations (Zn, Mg, Sr, etc) [1,4,5].
These data demonstrate incorporation of carbonate groups into the HA crystal structure.
Tung, Calcium phosphates: structure, composition, solubility, and stability, in: Z.
The role of bivalent metals in hydroxyapatite structures as revealed by molecular modeling with the HyperChem software
Formation and structure of zinc-substituted calcium hydroxyapatite.

In addition to these basic mechanical parameters, UHPC composites excel in other properties that are higher than conventional strength grades, due to the suitably selected granulometry, but also by the use of fillers and building chemistry to ensure the highest matrix density with minimum air microporous and capillary contents .
If the structure is stable even after exposure to extreme temperature, it is possible to perform mechanical-physical tests after its cooling to obtain residual resistance values.
These values ​​are used to assess and decide on the continued existence of a structure exposed to high temperature effects.
For the direct assessment of the strength of the building structure, or of the building material, it is necessary to determine their resistance to high temperatures.
Depending on the amount of water contained in the closed structure, not only cracks on the surface but also explosive breakage of the samples [5, 6] can occur.

The Synthesis of Polyethersulfone (PES) Derivatives for the Immobilization of Lipase Enzyme Nurlaela Rahmahwati, Deana Wahyuningrum* and Anita Alni Organic Chemistry Division, Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Institut Teknologi Bandung, Jl.
The structure of PES and its derivatives was confirmed by FTIR and 1H-NMR.

The presence of reticulated structures of C-S-H dispersed in the microstructure and involving the calcium hydroxide corroborates the results of mechanical properties, mainly for the percentages of 3 % of biopolymer and 1 % of latex.
Lea’s chemistry of cement and concrete. 4th ed.
Cement chemistry. 2th ed.