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The main advantage of this cooling method is an intensive heat removal from the producing tool and the plastic part which results in reduction of cooling and cycle time.
Experiment Fig. 2 CAD model of prototype mould insert modified for conventional cooling method (left) and spot cooling method (right) Analysis of temperature fields was performed with using of infrared camera Flir ThermaCAM SC660 and reporting software Flir that mediated the evaluation of the data.
The difference is primarily caused by the shortening of the cooling time duration and the final effect is reduction of heat mass removed from the part by the heat transfer medium.
The temperature profiles obtained from the thermocouples located in the mould insert on the movable side of the injection mould once again confirmed the tendency of working temperatures reduction with higher amount of injected CO2, see Table 1.
The effect of reduction of temperature field homogeneity with bigger amount of injected CO2 was observed even when cooling by combined system.

Based on the data above, it can be interpreted that the influence of gravity will result in the smaller particle size being produced with increasing deposition time.
The reduction of contact angle value causes the reduction of IFT value, where the reduction IFT value can increase oil recovery [19, 21].
The contact angle test results show that nanosilica can change wettability shown from the reduction of contact angle value.

For instance, by 2012 compared to 2007 there had been planned to reduce the energy intensity of GDP by 17-18 % (in fact the reduction was – 6-8 %, by the way, in the construction field the planned figures had been even less), to increase the level of housing up to 30-35 sqm of living space per person (actual figures were – 23.4 sqm and much less for some social groups).
The implementation of considered industrial structural solutions for public buildings instead of the previously developed ones with a mixed frame of concrete panel elements [3, 16] provides a significant (up to 30 %) reduction of precast concrete, and therefore it reduces the weight of a building.
A detailed analysis of the experimental data, comparisons and results of the calculation are presented in work [22].
Analysis of the presented results (table 1) shows that the implementation of the proposed structural solutions provides a reduction of the construction materials by 21.3 % and energy consumption by 11.2 %.
Performed feasibility assessment of the effectiveness of structural solutions has shown that the implementation of the proposed structural solutions provides a reduction of the construction materials by 21.3 % and energy consumption by 11.2 %.

It is particularly important for high power output and cost reduction by keeping optical surface clean.
As the cleanest large-scale laser ever built, NIF has presented stringent cleanliness requirements for optics, structures and environments to prevent laser-induced damage and avoid laser quality reduction.
The PCVS is mainly composed of a particle collection tool and a microscope based data reduction system.
Electrostatic reduction of particulates for laser resistant hafnia coatings (Report).

The terro-titanium-silicon alloy (Ti-Si-Fe alloy) was extracted by the smelting reduction of the HTBF slag in electric-arc furnace,the residue couldbe used as spinel containing calcium aluminate cement[20].
Taken with the SAED and HRTEM data, this confirms that the flake-like Ti3(Si,Al)C2 crystal has a single crystal structure.
Adjusting the Ti-Si-Fe alloy composition at smelting reduction process or introducing other Ti source such as elemental titaniumcan solve this problem effectively.The experimental temperature of 1300 oC is too higher to the MSS method due to the good volatility of the molten salt of alkali chloride.
Research on Reduction of Panzhihua Iron and Steel Co.
Low‐temperature preparation of titanium diboride fine powder via magnesiothermic reduction in molten salt.

This procedure (usually with 60-90% thickness reduction) normally introduces very strong texture and anisotropy in the steel sheets due to the substantial plastic deformation.
These plates were then conventionally rolled along the longitudinal axes to a thickness of ~0.5mm (80% reduction), which corresponded to conventional rolling (0°), inclined rolling (45°) and cross rolling (90°), respectively.
The decrease of the dislocation density and residue stress reduces the number of pinning sites for domain walls, which would result in the reduction of the number of MBN jumps [9], and the decrease of the MBN rms, peak, energy and time integral.
MBN parameters (rms, energy and time integral) calculated from the raw MBN data, or the characteristic values (peak and FWHM) obtained from the smoothed envelops all have intrinsic relations to the material microstructure and stress state, and can all be used to evaluate the recrystallization process.
Edrisy, Effect of skin pass rolling reduction rate on the texture evolution of a non-oriented electrical steel after inclined cold rolling, J.

Reduction of oxygen occur at the metal surface for applied potentials ranging from –0.8 VSCE to –1.2 VSCE according to: H2O + O2 + 4e– → H2 + 2OH– (1) For low cathodic potentials, reduction of water occurs which leads to hydrogen evolution (Equation 2).
The Tafel straight line of H2O reduction can clearly be seen for Eapp –1.2 VSCE (Figure 2).
For this reason, data for HF behaviour discussed was the electrolyte resistance (Re).
Eapp –1.2 VSCE induces H2O reduction and thus formation of brucite.

Metallic nanoparticles exhibit size and shape-dependent properties that area of interest for applications ranging from catalysts and sensing to optics, antibacterial activity and data storage [6-8].
Although there are a lot of techniques for the synthesis of silver nanoparticles like reduction, thermal decomposition, radiation assisted, electrochemical, sonochemical, microwave assisted process and recently via green chemistry route [13-15], but all these methods are time consuming and of course need costly apparatus.
Once the reduction process began, colour changes appeared and the solution turn into pale yellow.
The solution was kept in the same position for 100 minutes for complete reduction of silver nitrate to silver nanoparticles.
The colour change was due to the change of plasmon resonance of silver nitrate as a result of reduction process which clearly indicated the formation of silver nanoparticles in the reaction mixture [17-20].

Thus, there is need to intensify research on how to utilize this waste for the benefits of humanity and also for the reduction of the amount of waste that ends up in landfill and creating environmental pollution [1].
To identify the phases present, International Centre for Diffraction Data was used and the result is presented in Fig. 1.
It is evidently clear that the maximum bulk density was achieved by the addition of Fe2O3 at 5 wt.% and this is attributed to the reduction of sintering temperature and formation of dense microstructure due to the addition of Fe2O3.
This research shows that the addition of Fe2O3 engenders the reduction of porosity, which serves as a stress collection center, as the maximum stress is attained crack is formed, and thus hardness and strength reduction.

This WCR reduction is postulated because of the two different liquids (water and hydrocarbon) competing for the same surface area (top metal coupon) to condense.
The monitoring of the experiment (temperature of the gas and steel surface) and data collection (condensed water volume) were conducted at least twice a day for a total of 7-days testing.
Other monitoring data included the pH of the condensed water and the observation of the bottom solution (e.g., volume reduction), but these monitoring data will not be discussed in this paper, as they are not within the scope of the research.
For example, at 20ºC of the delta temperature between steel and gas, the WCR of the experiment with condensate is 0.3 ml/m2.s while for the experiment without condensate is 1.1 ml/m2.s, and this is approximately a 73% reduction value of the WCR when the gas condensate was present. 1.1ml/m2.s Fig. 8 Water condensation rate experiment with condensate and without condensate When the condensation process took place in the system without the presence of condensate, only one liquid is expected to be condensed on the surface of the top coupon, i.e., the condensed water.