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Online since: July 2011
Authors: Xiao Hua Gu, Jia Liang Zhou, Jian Hong Liu
Introduction:
Polymer Nanocomposites develop rapidly in recent years, nanomaterials add in nanocomposite materials will affect the crystallization behavior of materials, thus affecting the processing properties of the material.[1]
At the same time the crystallization process is a key factor to decide the structure of crystalloid and the degree of crystallinity in the forming process, different polymer structure will affect crystallization ability and crystallization speed, while the structure of crystalloid and the degree of crystallinity decide the meterial’s physical, chemical and mechanical properties.
(2.2) In the formula Xc is relative crystallinity at time t, Zt is kinetic constants, n is Avrami Index,it is about with nucleation and the process of growth,then on(formula2.2) logarithmic: (2.3) Jeziorny[5] directly applied Avrami equation to the analyze constant temperature DSC curves .Taking into account the non-isothermal nature of the polymer, the cooling rate R as a correction factor and characterize non-isothermal crystallization kinetics parameters Zc
This is because the nano-particles unique pore structure of the nano-scale powders and its nano-size effect, increasing its enthalpy and the crystallization of the polymer properties and contributing to crystallization rate.
The optical properties and the nucleation behavior of the PET/SiO2nano-composite materials[J].Polymer Materials Science and Engineering, 2007,7(23):94-98.In Chinese
Effect of modified clay on the crysyallization property of PET/clay nanocomposites[J].Jounal of China University Mining and Technology, 2007,9(36):701-706.
(2.2) In the formula Xc is relative crystallinity at time t, Zt is kinetic constants, n is Avrami Index,it is about with nucleation and the process of growth,then on(formula2.2) logarithmic: (2.3) Jeziorny[5] directly applied Avrami equation to the analyze constant temperature DSC curves .Taking into account the non-isothermal nature of the polymer, the cooling rate R as a correction factor and characterize non-isothermal crystallization kinetics parameters Zc
This is because the nano-particles unique pore structure of the nano-scale powders and its nano-size effect, increasing its enthalpy and the crystallization of the polymer properties and contributing to crystallization rate.
The optical properties and the nucleation behavior of the PET/SiO2nano-composite materials[J].Polymer Materials Science and Engineering, 2007,7(23):94-98.In Chinese
Effect of modified clay on the crysyallization property of PET/clay nanocomposites[J].Jounal of China University Mining and Technology, 2007,9(36):701-706.
Online since: March 2017
Authors: Anthony N. Ede, Gideon Bamigboye, David O. Olukanni, Oluwole A. Olaniyi, Isaac I. Akinwumi
Many factors have to be considered before the final choice is made.
Of all these factors, safety remains the most fundamental because the loss of structural integrity could lead to structural failure and the consequent loss of lives, properties, investment and means of economic livelihood.
Based on these scenarios, this paper evaluates the economic and safety factors of steel reinforcing bars used in Nigeria.
The mechanical properties of steel reinforcement bars used in reinforced concrete structures and their cost implications for sustainable infrastructure delivery are assessed.
The tensile properties were limited to 12 mm and 16 mm of local and imported types.
Of all these factors, safety remains the most fundamental because the loss of structural integrity could lead to structural failure and the consequent loss of lives, properties, investment and means of economic livelihood.
Based on these scenarios, this paper evaluates the economic and safety factors of steel reinforcing bars used in Nigeria.
The mechanical properties of steel reinforcement bars used in reinforced concrete structures and their cost implications for sustainable infrastructure delivery are assessed.
The tensile properties were limited to 12 mm and 16 mm of local and imported types.
Online since: September 2010
Authors: E. Hernández-Sánchez, Ivan Campos-Silva, M. Ortíz-Domínguez, O. Bravo-Bárcenas, Marco Antonio Doñu-Ruíz, J. Martínez-Trinidad, Y. Domínguez-Galicia, D. Bravo-Bárcenas, J.A. Jiménez-Bernal
., 07740, México
a
icampos@ipn.mx, b
mortizd@ipn.mx,
cenhernandezs@ipn.mx, ddbravob0200@ipn.mx,
e
obravob0800@ipn.mx,
fmdonur0800@ipn.mx,
gjomartinezt@ipn.mx,
h
ydominguez@ipn.mx
Keywords: boriding; boride layers; fracture indentation; mechanical properties; fracture toughness;
Palmqvist cracks models.
Mono-phase layers have better properties.
The cracks produced by mechanical contact between the indenter and the material surface, essentially depend on the geometry of the indenter and the applied load.
In brittle polycrystalline materials, the microstructure affects the indentation cracks in a number of ways, such as crack termination at porosity and/or grain boundaries normal to the crack path and crack deflection along grain boundaries.
From equation (1), the indentation load is expressed as: (2) 0.0319 CK P d a Multiplying both terms in equation (2) by /da factor, it results: 2 1/2 (3) 0.0319 CKd P d a a Also, the relation used to obtain the Kc in the boride layer, shows that the ratio between the applied load and the factor 2 1/2 da should be constant.
Mono-phase layers have better properties.
The cracks produced by mechanical contact between the indenter and the material surface, essentially depend on the geometry of the indenter and the applied load.
In brittle polycrystalline materials, the microstructure affects the indentation cracks in a number of ways, such as crack termination at porosity and/or grain boundaries normal to the crack path and crack deflection along grain boundaries.
From equation (1), the indentation load is expressed as: (2) 0.0319 CK P d a Multiplying both terms in equation (2) by /da factor, it results: 2 1/2 (3) 0.0319 CKd P d a a Also, the relation used to obtain the Kc in the boride layer, shows that the ratio between the applied load and the factor 2 1/2 da should be constant.
Online since: November 2011
Authors: Sen Cao, Yan Cao, Lei Lei, Yu Bai, Lei Shi
As an efficient and general method, the optimization and convergence performance of SA algorithm is mainly affected by the problem and several factors.
However, because of calculation complexity and neglect of some actual factors, they are far away from actual applications.
After inputting correct data, the canvas image property of Timage component is generated in a dynamic way and the Gantt chart of the initial solution is also generated.
References [1] Rao Yunqing, Liu Shiping, The study of manufacturing execution system in agile workshop, Chinese Journal of Mechanical Engineering. 13 (2002) 654-657
However, because of calculation complexity and neglect of some actual factors, they are far away from actual applications.
After inputting correct data, the canvas image property of Timage component is generated in a dynamic way and the Gantt chart of the initial solution is also generated.
References [1] Rao Yunqing, Liu Shiping, The study of manufacturing execution system in agile workshop, Chinese Journal of Mechanical Engineering. 13 (2002) 654-657
Online since: December 2013
Authors: Jing Chen, Qing Jie Zhu
With model preferences, material properties and boundary conditions are defined, and fluid-solid coupling is calculated.
The parameters, such as the stress and displacement tolerances and relaxation factors, convergence criteria, etc. which control the convergence of the coupled system are determined in the fluid model.
It means that rock creep is the primary factor for steel casing damage, and casing damage is also affected by temperature load or steam injection.
Also this is based on the porosity and permeability of material property.
Beside rock creep, temperature load also affects steel casing damage.
The parameters, such as the stress and displacement tolerances and relaxation factors, convergence criteria, etc. which control the convergence of the coupled system are determined in the fluid model.
It means that rock creep is the primary factor for steel casing damage, and casing damage is also affected by temperature load or steam injection.
Also this is based on the porosity and permeability of material property.
Beside rock creep, temperature load also affects steel casing damage.
Online since: December 2023
Authors: Glenn Carlo M. Miranda, Persia Ada N. de Yro
Gold [Au] wires have always been to the first choice of material for the wires, ranging from purities of 2N (99%) to 4N (99.99%), due to its electrical and thermal properties.
The rate at which the heat is dissipated along the wire is dependent on the material’s thermal properties.
The solid-state reaction of various binary metal systems behaves differently, as different metals have different atomic properties and behavior.
The design of the experiment has three center points, and two levels with three factors: US Energy (Current), Force and Initial Force.
Among these three (3) factors, only the US Energy (Current) parameter will only be the variable, the other two will be constants.
The rate at which the heat is dissipated along the wire is dependent on the material’s thermal properties.
The solid-state reaction of various binary metal systems behaves differently, as different metals have different atomic properties and behavior.
The design of the experiment has three center points, and two levels with three factors: US Energy (Current), Force and Initial Force.
Among these three (3) factors, only the US Energy (Current) parameter will only be the variable, the other two will be constants.
Online since: December 2007
Authors: Ying Xue Yao, Y. Lu, R.H. Hong
Therefore the
thermal characteristics of motorized spindle become the main factor influencing machining quality,
and directly limit further increase of its rotate speed.
Xingqi Jiang, Professors of Zhejiang University in China, analyzed heat generation characteristics and heat transfer characteristics of high-speed, precision angular contact bearing, and calculated the relevant properties of actual motorized spindle.
A lot of complex factors cause the heat, include many kinds of friction, and those various frictions will become severe along with the increase of spindle's rotate speed, the heating value will also increase.
PLANE55 element which contains heat exchange properties is usually used in 3D space plane or axi-symmetric structure, and can be used to make thermal analysis of steady state and transient state in 2D space.
(5) The heat-affected zone of bearing increases along with rotate speed increasing
Xingqi Jiang, Professors of Zhejiang University in China, analyzed heat generation characteristics and heat transfer characteristics of high-speed, precision angular contact bearing, and calculated the relevant properties of actual motorized spindle.
A lot of complex factors cause the heat, include many kinds of friction, and those various frictions will become severe along with the increase of spindle's rotate speed, the heating value will also increase.
PLANE55 element which contains heat exchange properties is usually used in 3D space plane or axi-symmetric structure, and can be used to make thermal analysis of steady state and transient state in 2D space.
(5) The heat-affected zone of bearing increases along with rotate speed increasing
Online since: July 2014
Authors: Wei Liu, Xiong Zhang
Table 2 Q345 steel material properties
Yield stress (MPa)
Plastic strain
Young's modulus
Poisson's ratio
261.0
0.001267
2.060E+05
0.3
273.0
0.00157
3.961E+04
0.3
288.6
0.02480
6.715E+02
0.3
313.5
0.03300
3.049E+03
0.3
398.5
0.06000
3.144E+03
0.3
Figure 5 Ribbed high-strength bolt connection Figure 10 Bolt connection failure
Table 3 Friction type high-strength bolts of material properties
Yield stress(MPa)
Plastic strain
Young's modulus
Poisson's ratio
618
0.00000
2.1E+05
0.3
940
0.003
—
0.3
1040
0.005
—
0.3
Leads of the formula and definition on specific parameter.
In view of the above errors control, is recommended for use of 2.5 (6) when an access to a safety factor of 1.25.
In consideration of the safety factor, has very realistic design engineering significance of this formula with the guidance of the node.
[2] Yu-xia ZHAO,The Reasch On Semi-rigid properties of T Steel Connections,Xi'an, Southwest Jiaotong University, 2007
A Comparative Study of Steel Frame Joints angle measurement method and the mechanical model.
In view of the above errors control, is recommended for use of 2.5 (6) when an access to a safety factor of 1.25.
In consideration of the safety factor, has very realistic design engineering significance of this formula with the guidance of the node.
[2] Yu-xia ZHAO,The Reasch On Semi-rigid properties of T Steel Connections,Xi'an, Southwest Jiaotong University, 2007
A Comparative Study of Steel Frame Joints angle measurement method and the mechanical model.
Online since: December 2012
Authors: Bai Dong Zhao, Pei Chao Chen, Ya Long Zhang
In this paper, there are several factors that influence the sustainable development of building energy.
There are many factors that affect construction life.
The main factors are the following: City planning and government decision-making factors, Architectural design factors, Construction quality factors, Migration factors, Land value factors and land ownership factors.
In these factors, the most important factor is the city planning and the government decision-making factors.
We can also put the aggregate in the hydrochloric acid solution or glacial acetic acid solution, to improve the properties of recycled aggregate by the reaction between the acid and Calcium hydroxide of the cement.
There are many factors that affect construction life.
The main factors are the following: City planning and government decision-making factors, Architectural design factors, Construction quality factors, Migration factors, Land value factors and land ownership factors.
In these factors, the most important factor is the city planning and the government decision-making factors.
We can also put the aggregate in the hydrochloric acid solution or glacial acetic acid solution, to improve the properties of recycled aggregate by the reaction between the acid and Calcium hydroxide of the cement.
Online since: May 2011
Authors: Zhong Hua Tang, De Bao Lei, Kai Zhao
Table 1, a building in Beijing in the summer when the confounding factors available to send the cooling load to the air-conditioned room.
The task of air-conditioning automatic control system is to overcome these confounding factors, and maintain a certain air-conditioned room temperature, humidity and air quality.The temperature and humidity control performance not only depends on the automatic control system, but also primarily depends on the rationality of air-conditioning systems and the object properties of air conditioning.
Humidity related properties.
In addition, indoor design temperature and humidity standards are also important factors. under the conditions of ensuring the production technology and human health conditions, if the summer design temperature of the indoor air is 1 ℃ higher, it will save as much as 11.2% in energy consumption .The saving is very significant.
The amount of fresh air direct impacts on air conditioning load, thus affecting the air-conditioning system host, cooling towers, water pumps, fan coil units and other power consumption.
The task of air-conditioning automatic control system is to overcome these confounding factors, and maintain a certain air-conditioned room temperature, humidity and air quality.The temperature and humidity control performance not only depends on the automatic control system, but also primarily depends on the rationality of air-conditioning systems and the object properties of air conditioning.
Humidity related properties.
In addition, indoor design temperature and humidity standards are also important factors. under the conditions of ensuring the production technology and human health conditions, if the summer design temperature of the indoor air is 1 ℃ higher, it will save as much as 11.2% in energy consumption .The saving is very significant.
The amount of fresh air direct impacts on air conditioning load, thus affecting the air-conditioning system host, cooling towers, water pumps, fan coil units and other power consumption.