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The reduction of weight in arm would enable the elevation of speed.
The maximum stress values were extracted from the modelling data for the four different materials, as well as the elastic deformation at the maximum stress location.
However, the weight reduction was significant, enabling the increase of operational speed considerably.
Based on the results shown in Figures 3 and 4, our estimation showed that the weight reduction for using magnesium alloys could enable to increase the operational speed up to 26% in comparison to steel robot arms.
Mg alloys also showed superior to other candidates in terms of weight reduction, while still maintaing similar P-value to the current robot materials.

All thermocouples were connected to a data-logger, which automatically recorded the temperature readings at 5-minute intervals throughout the test period.
By adding CSF, the adiabatic temperature rise demonstrated an unanimous reduction as displayed in the third column of Table 2.
Measured adiabatic temperature rise Predicted adiabatic temperature rise Experimental value (°C) Reduction (°C) Per binder content (°C / 100 kg/m3) Predicted value by Eq. 6 (°C) Error (°C) 1 58.7 - 9.7 59.2 0.5 2 56.9 -1.8 9.5 56.8 -0.1 3 55.4 -3.3 9.4 54.9 -0.5 4 63.3 - 11.2 62.4 -0.9 5 58.0 -5.3 10.4 58.4 0.4 6 54.8 -8.5 9.9 55.3 0.5 7 64.4 - 12.1 63.5 -0.9 8 57.1 -7.3 10.9 58.5 1.4 9 54.5 -9.9 10.5 54.4 -0.1 10 63.0 - 12.6 63.0 0.0 11 58.5 -4.5 11.8 57.4 -1.1 12 52.8 -10.2 10.8 52.9 0.1 13 60.6 - 12.9 61.5 0.9 14 55.8 -4.8 11.9 55.6 -0.2 15 51.1 -9.5 11.0 50.9 -0.2 Fig. 3 Variation of adiabatic temperature rise with W/B ratio Fig. 4 Variation of adiabatic temperature rise per binder content with strength Prediction Formula and Design Chart of Adiabatic Temperature Rise.
The results revealed that at CSF dosage of 5%, the reduction in adiabatic temperature rise varied between 1.8°C and 7.3°C; whereas at CSF dosage of 10%, the reduction in adiabatic temperature rise varied between 3.3°C and 10.2°C.

It has been shown that the methanol crossover during fuel cell operation leads to an efficiency reduction down to 35% [5].
Nevertheless, SPEEK has also been used as a matrix for the inclusion of inorganic oxides and proton conductors [8-10], which may lead to a reduction in methanol permeability.
Water uptake of SPEEK membranes as a function of ZrO2 content (data at room temperature).
For the two polymers analyzed, the introduction of ZrO2 in the range of2.5% to 5% (w/w) led to a much higher reduction in water and methanol permeations than in the proton conductivity (Figs. 2-4).
Comparatively with the fluxes obtained for NAFION 112 ® , the incorporation of 5% or 7.5 % (w/w) ZrO2 in the two polymeric matrixes led to a 3-times reduction of water and methanol fluxes.

By the end of 2009, Sulfur dioxide emissions reduction of 13.14%, the emission reduction target [1] what the "Eleventh Five-Year Plan" of the State Environmental Protection had proposed, was completed ahead of schedule.
But to 2010, China's sulfur dioxide emissions still reached 22.678 million tons [2] ; the emission reduction task is still arduous.
In a physical adsorption process, gas molecules are adsorbed onto solid surfaces to form a regular state, its entropy reduction and the △S is negative.
Data (2007)596-599

Another inspection technique for buried pipelines is to measure the electromagnetic parameters above the ground, and find out defects through analyzing the measurement data.
In order to get the optimal performance for noise reduction, noise matching of the amplifier must be considered.
It’s an instrumentation amplifier with the gain of 2000, which provides an excellent performance in noise reduction.
The output of AD630 at different phases between x(t) and r(t) We can find that the PSD, which is made up of AD630, is sensitive to the phase, which means that PSD is more effective in noise reduction than the full-wave rectifier.
It is positively correlated with the noise reduction of the lock-in amplifier.

For example, the environmental benefits of using recycled material is in the following fields: in the field of environmental protection, in reduction of greenhouse gases, in reduction of air pollution and in significant reduction of landfills. [2] The Limiting Factors of the Usage of Recycled Materials The number of recyclable materials depends on the length of the road network, with its extent, type of surface as well as the financial resources intended for the construction and reconstruction of roads.
Utilization of recycled material can achieve cost reduction.
At present, there is not enough data yet to compile a universal decision-making model, so for the time being, each construction must be assessed individually.

When compared with other combination and also with untreated fiber the 10% addition has high tensile values due to reduction in diameter of fiber, improving crystalline packing, removal of hemicelluloses and other some surface impurities from fibers make fiber stronger after NaOH treatment [6, 21].
The main reason for low density and reduction in cross sectional area on optimally treated VSF due to chemical corrosions occurs on fibers outer surface during treatments and create damage [6].
· The optimal NaOH treated fibers had an increase of 43.58% in tensile strength and the treated fibers may improve the adhesion between fibers and polymer matrices by reduction wax content on fibers material
· The reduction of hemicellulose, wax and lignin from fibers on alkali treatment was proved by chemical analysis data studies

Introduction Current laws and regulations in the Czech Republic, as well as through the country´s membership of the EU, require reductions in energy consumption.
Recycling ensures the provision of raw materials in times of shortages, costs reductions when the prices of primary materials are increasing, and a reduction in the environmental burden produced by secondary raw materials.
The obtained data and the comparison of the results are shown in Table 1.
Another indisputable advantage is the reduction in financial costs during construction.

Also, materials with lower bedding stiffness cause a high reduction in induced stresses.
This means that the change in the property of the material and compaction degree has a high effect on the reduction of tensile stresses than the effect of changing the bedding thicknesses.
A circular hole of 250 mm in diameter cut in each face to facilitate the monitoring of cracks growth, as access for wires of strain gages and LVDT’s to the data devices, and to read deflection measurements through dial gauge.
From equation 1 and 2, the bending moment is obtained as follows: M=(σi- σ°)2*C*I=εi-ε°2*C *Ec*I (3) The sign conventions are, the bending moment is positive when producing com in the outer fibers of the wall.The test results show that the bending moments of dense bedding were always greater than that of loose bedding as shown in Fig. 9 , which indicate the benefit of the using loose bedding beneath the buried concrete pipe in reduction the bending moments in the pipe section.
The bending moments of dense bedding were always greater than that of loose bedding, which indicates the benefits of the usage of loose bedding beneath the buried concrete pipe in reduction the bending moments in the pipe section.

Statistical processing of experimental data was carried out using a mathematical modelling apparatus on the calculated coefficients of polynomial models of the "Composition-property" class.
External activation of polymer-containing compositions leads to reduction of their volume deformations by 13-40% that is most effective manifested when using fillers of mixed compositions.
Internal and complex activation leads to reduction of volume deformations of polymer composites on average by 2 and 2.5 times, respectively.
At the same quantitative composition of filler, an increase in particles specific surface to S2 and S3 provides reduction of volume deformations by 7% and 22%, respectively.
For all the accepted compositions of control systems, a decrease in the filler specific surface from S2=300 m2/kg to S3=500 m2/kg causes a reduction of volume deformations of filled polymer compositions on average by 16%.