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(1)Dimensionality reduction by PCA.
Case Study According to statistical yearbooks and water resources bulletins in Jiangsu from 1997 to 2010, and other data from China’s Meteorological Administration, statistical yearbooks of China, environment statistical yearbooks of China, water conservancy statistical yearbook of China and urban water supply statistical yearbooks[9-11], we work out the data of factors of water consumption per ten thousand yuan GDP in Jiangsu from 1997 to 2010.
So that we must standardize the factors’ data first, then do the PCA
SPSS software is used in the processing of data’ s standardization, and the standardized data is achieved.
So that the dimension reduction process works and we get the coefficients of major factors’ score.

Predicted total fatigue life by solely considering small crack growth stage agreed well with the experimental data.
One of the concerns with welded structures, however, is the tendency of cracking and the consequent reduction of their fatigue lives.
Large crack growth data for cracks in the HAZ area were employed as da/dN∆ Keff base-line of the TA15 alloy.
Predicted total fatigue life by solely considering small crack growth stage agreed well with experimental data.
Fig. 5 The notches on M(T) specimens Fig. 6 Etching picture of large crack growth at HAZ Figure 8 gives the large crack da/dN-∆ Keff data for the parent TA15 metal, the weld zone and the HAZ area.

The solution of both problems of fluid flow and metal plastic flow provide fields of velocities, pressure and temperature, and provides important data about materials flow pattern [7,11].
In this work, the numerical scheme presented by Martins et al. [16,17] was applied to analyse the work zone of aluminum axisymmetric direct extrusion in a 90° die with a reduction ratio of 8.0.
Parameters Values Yield Strength (sY) 80 (MPa) Deformation (e) 87.85 % Initial Velocity (v0) 2.5 (mm/s) Initial Strain Rate () 0.9 (s-1) Time Step (∆t) 10-15 (s) The main contribution of present work is to demonstrate that the numerical scheme previously developed in [16,17] can also describe the dead zone of metal plastic flow in axisymmetric direct extrusion in a 90º die and with a reduction ratio of 8.0.
Conclusions From the results and analysis of aluminum axisymmetric direct extrusion in a 90º die by present FVM , using a fixed Eulerian mesh, the following conclusions can be outlined: § from the axial velocity contours calculated by present FVM, the dead zone could be observed, i.e., present numerical scheme has succeed to capture the dead zone which is the region where the axial velocity is very small near the 90o die wall in direct extrusion; § the dead zone calculated by present FVM is smaller than calculated by slip-line field theory; § the axial velocity increased its magnitude from external layer to the central region line inside the billet as expected; § the radial velocity increased its magnitude on the die wall where the area reduction occurs, and the billet deformation takes place; § the biggest calculated pressure occurred at the inlet deformation region of extrusion; § the die wall around the corner in the reduction exit area shows the highest effective strain rate

In order to achieve the aim of sustainable development, the transformation to a low carbon society has becoming a revolution for all the countries, especially the developing ones, who will bear the brunt of the climate change effects because of lack of the capability to adapt, and the establishment of reduction target of the greenhouse gas emission has brought them great pressures.
LCT is generally divided into two categories, one is the reduction techniques in the field of energy consumption, including the four main sectors of production and circulation, transportation, construction and residential, family, the other is the reduction techniques in the field of the supply of energy, including fossil fuel energy sector, new energy and renewable energy sectors [2].
There is no data to indicate that low-carbon technology infringement cases exist in developing countries.
With the continuous rise of global temperature, and the commitment on carbon emission reduction, the low-carbon technology is the most effective way to stabilize climate change.

Thickness [mm] Rm [MPa] Rp 0,2 [ MPa] Elongation A Lo=50mm [ %] Reduction [%] True reduction [ε] 7,5 93,5 63,5 37,0 5,0 117,8 114,5 15,5 33,3 0,41 3,0 146,1 136,0 11,3 60,0 0,92 2,0 161,3 150,3 5,0 73,3 1,32 1,0 169,4 161,3 4,3 86,7 2,01 0,50 177,9 160,0 3,3 93,3 2,71 0,20 206,0 190,0 2,5 97,3 3,62 Table 5.
Thickness [mm] Rm [MPa] Rp0,2 [MPa] Elongation Lo= 50mm [%] Reduction [%] True reduction [ε] 3,0 96,5 70 30 2,0 125,2 114 7,7 33,3 0,41 1,0 133,1 124 6,7 66,6 1,10 0,50 152,0 145 3,1 83,3 1,79 0,20 189,6 180,0 3,6 93,3 2,71 Fig. 1.
Table 6 is built with the data values shown in Tables 4 and 5.

Due to the slow rotation rate of the cube orientation the resultant 0°/90° ears are able to balance the newly forming 45° ears up to rather high rolling reductions.
Because of the high deformations and temperatures involved in breakdown rolling, the material readily recrystallizes statically between passes, which results in a reduction in grain size and a fairly mild cube recrystallization texture.
In the following tandem line hot strip is produced on 3 or 4 connected rolling stands in steps of the order of 50% thickness reduction.
The required microchemistry data, including the concentration of solids as well as size and density of second-phase particles were provided by a microchemistry model ClaNG [15].
Accordingly, here the range with suitable Z and ∆Z earing values is shifted towards smaller reductions (Fig. 6), where the materials strength is usually not sufficient. 0.0 0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0 2.5 -10 -5 0 5 10 Z ∆Z 100% 20% 20% rolling degree 0% 50% 75% 85% 92% Z ∆Z 0% 5% 100% 0% 0% Z, ∆Z [%] ε Fig. 6.

Lett. 31, 710, (2010). ] typically employed to get a reduction of the interface states density.
For this reason, proper calibration samples consisting of many different doping levels (typically ranging from 1015 to 1020 cm-3) with known resistivity are used to obtain R vs r calibration curves for SSRM data quantification.
Such treatments, used to achieve a reduction of the interface state of density and an improvement of channel mobility in MOSFETs, have been shown to cause an incorporation of N or P in a nm-thick SiC layer underneath the gate oxide.
Fig.5 reports the surface morphology (a), the lateral current map (b) and the respective line profiles ((c) and (d)) for EG on 8° off-axis SiC, showing a significant reduction of the EG conductance over (11-2n) facets with respect to the basal plane (0001).
Finally, CAFM has been employed to study the current transport in epitaxial graphene (EG) grown on off-axis 4H-SiC (0001), showing a significant reduction of the EG conductance over (11-2n) facets with respect to the basal plane (0001).

In fact, the material quality has rapidly increased due to the strong reduction of the overall defects density [4] and the material suppliers became able to provide large size wafers (up to 150mm).
Not least, also the raw material cost is recently showing a fast reduction thanks to the increased number of players in the field.
A correlation between Dit and the field effective channel mobility mFE has been established considering both our data and the state of the art results found in the literature (Fig. 3b) [8].
Drift resistance increase is balanced by channel resistance reduction due to channel mobility increase.
Complete results of such analysis is shown in Fig. 6 where normalized VTH is reported: a positive gate bias stress up to +30V (orange dots and red line) brings an increase of 15% respect to VTH starting value, on the contrary a negative gate bias stress (red line) up to -30V brings a reduction of 25%.

When the fibre reinforced composites (FRC) are applied for sandwich panels it is possible to achieve weight reductions of the element of about 30% [26].
Fig. 6 Plate with connectors Fig. 7 Plastic dissipation for plates without stiffeners Conclusions The presented work is focused on the improvement of the blast response of the blast walls in terms of energy dissipation and reduction of dynamic impact on the supporting primary steelwork.
It is shown that significant improvements in energy dissipation and reduction of forces while reducing displacements may be achieved by modifying the plate typology.
The reduction of the relative displacement was observed whereas the energy dissipation was significantly increased.
Cook, "A Constitutive Model and Data for Metals Subjected to Large Strains, High Strain Rates, and High Temperatures," in Proceedings 7th International Symposium on Ballistics, Hague, 1983

Introduction With global concerns mounting over energy security, environmental sustainability, and climate change, the reduction of fossil fuel consumption and the expedited development and utilization of renewable energy sources have emerged as a shared consensus and collaborative effort among nations worldwide [1].
Data from the China National Energy Administration indicates that as of December 2023, the installed wind power capacity has reached 440 million kilowatts, marking a 20.7% year-on-year increase.
To refine the microstructure grain size and enhance low-temperature impact toughness, a rolling reduction ratio exceeding three times was mandated.
The rolling reduction per pass was increased to ensure that the rolling deformation penetrated the steel plate’s center, thereby enhancing its overall performance.
During the recrystallization stage, high temperature, low speed, and significant reduction were applied.