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Online since: October 2011
Authors: Shu Ling Huang, Yong Zhang, Qi Li, Dong Sheng Xu
The current water quality of Tuohe River was good in general, most of the river’s sections have residual water environmental capacity and it is necessary to carry out total pollution reduction plans (especially for COD) in future with the population growth and socio-economic development.
Table 2 Environmental quality standard for surface water [unit: mg/L] Index Class III Class IV BOD5 4 6 CODCr 20 30 NH3-N 1.0 1.5 3.1.3 Hydrological condition We collect hydrologic data of Suzhou city in recent years, and then the mean values of water quantity in each month are calculated.
Based on the monitoring data of Tuohe River, this paper adopts one-dimensional model to deduce K values of the chosen indices: BOD5, CODCr and NH3-N.
The relevant data and result of calculation is shown in the table 3 and table 4.
The research results can provide basic data and scientific evidence for the implement of volume control.
Table 2 Environmental quality standard for surface water [unit: mg/L] Index Class III Class IV BOD5 4 6 CODCr 20 30 NH3-N 1.0 1.5 3.1.3 Hydrological condition We collect hydrologic data of Suzhou city in recent years, and then the mean values of water quantity in each month are calculated.
Based on the monitoring data of Tuohe River, this paper adopts one-dimensional model to deduce K values of the chosen indices: BOD5, CODCr and NH3-N.
The relevant data and result of calculation is shown in the table 3 and table 4.
The research results can provide basic data and scientific evidence for the implement of volume control.
Online since: November 2014
Authors: Tai Hu Wu, Yao Hua Du, Chen Yu Li, Hong Tao Bao, Zhi Cheng, Feng Chen, Long Xue Qiao
To improve the detection capability and lessen the lower detection limit of particle size, a photoelectric detection circuit including two parts of pre-amplifier and noise reduction was designed in accordance with the properties of lateral scattering signals.
This apparatus is comprised of optical system, flow system, photoelectric circuit and data processing module.
Then the signals convert to corresponding voltage pulse signals through photoelectric detection circuit and transmit to data processing module.
The specific data in this apparatus are the scattering angle θ=90°, polarization angle Φ=0°, laser wavelength λ=488nm, relative index of refraction of particles m=1; incident optical power Pi≈4×10-3mw (I_i can be obtained by light power-light intensity conversion formula [7]); the distance between the surface to be measured and the receiving surface r≈0.6mm; the particle size D≈0.5μm.
The high-speed acquisition card PCI5105 of NI Company is used for data collection.
This apparatus is comprised of optical system, flow system, photoelectric circuit and data processing module.
Then the signals convert to corresponding voltage pulse signals through photoelectric detection circuit and transmit to data processing module.
The specific data in this apparatus are the scattering angle θ=90°, polarization angle Φ=0°, laser wavelength λ=488nm, relative index of refraction of particles m=1; incident optical power Pi≈4×10-3mw (I_i can be obtained by light power-light intensity conversion formula [7]); the distance between the surface to be measured and the receiving surface r≈0.6mm; the particle size D≈0.5μm.
The high-speed acquisition card PCI5105 of NI Company is used for data collection.
Online since: September 2013
Authors: Daniel Stan, Andrei Adam
The main processing parameters were compared, analyzed and ranked after their effect on extruded flow as output data.
The 3 factorial experiment with the data from the extrusion of LDPE, with this device and without ultrasonic activation (UA=0 and the limits min/max for the parameters were: melt temperature T=140...180 °C, injection pressure P = 2...5 daN/cm2, and the flowing interstice I=0.5...3 mm), revealed that the temperature of the melt is the most important parameter, with the most significant influence on the output parameter of the study, the extruded discharge.
The data from the first 8 lines of the Table 1 were grouped in a 3 factorial experiment: pressure = factor A, melt temperature Ti = factor B, mould temperature Tm = factor C, without ultrasonic activation.
The sstatistical data processing, Figure 5, shows that none of the factors has a decisive role in influencing the output parameter of the study, the length of the injected spiral, "LSp" from the Table 1.
Overall, the data from the Table 1 were used in a 4 factorial experiment (3 above mentioned factors plus the ultrasonic activation as the 4th influence factor, and the same LSp as output parameter).
The 3 factorial experiment with the data from the extrusion of LDPE, with this device and without ultrasonic activation (UA=0 and the limits min/max for the parameters were: melt temperature T=140...180 °C, injection pressure P = 2...5 daN/cm2, and the flowing interstice I=0.5...3 mm), revealed that the temperature of the melt is the most important parameter, with the most significant influence on the output parameter of the study, the extruded discharge.
The data from the first 8 lines of the Table 1 were grouped in a 3 factorial experiment: pressure = factor A, melt temperature Ti = factor B, mould temperature Tm = factor C, without ultrasonic activation.
The sstatistical data processing, Figure 5, shows that none of the factors has a decisive role in influencing the output parameter of the study, the length of the injected spiral, "LSp" from the Table 1.
Overall, the data from the Table 1 were used in a 4 factorial experiment (3 above mentioned factors plus the ultrasonic activation as the 4th influence factor, and the same LSp as output parameter).
Online since: September 2014
Authors: Wen Zhong Zhao, Yue Dong Wang, Chun Ge Nie
At last, the numerical results of the third scheme were compared with test data, and the reliability of finite element models was confirmed.
Comparison of FEM Results and Test Data According to the comparison of three schemes above, scheme 3 was selected for stator transportation.
Comparison of FEM results and test data at arc of ear plate (DW1 in Fig. 7(a), there four data due to symmetry of structure) and 5 bolts at vicinity of ear plate(bolt L1~L5 in Fig.7(b)) are shown in Fig.8 Fig. 8 Comparison of FEM results and strength test Good consistent could be found between FEM results and test data in Fig.8, which indicates that FEM results could be reference for evaluation of transportation safety.
At the meanwhile, numerical results are slightly lower than test data for bolts, the bolt with maximum axial stress 450MPa is labeled as L3, axial stress is 465MPa if dynamic coefficient is included, and is still lower than permissible stress of bolt 506MPa, which indicates the reliability of connection between end shield and frame during transportation.
Then, numerical results and strength test data were compared, and precision and reliability of finite element model were confirmed, which indicates that FEM results could be an important reference for evaluation of transportation safety.
Comparison of FEM Results and Test Data According to the comparison of three schemes above, scheme 3 was selected for stator transportation.
Comparison of FEM results and test data at arc of ear plate (DW1 in Fig. 7(a), there four data due to symmetry of structure) and 5 bolts at vicinity of ear plate(bolt L1~L5 in Fig.7(b)) are shown in Fig.8 Fig. 8 Comparison of FEM results and strength test Good consistent could be found between FEM results and test data in Fig.8, which indicates that FEM results could be reference for evaluation of transportation safety.
At the meanwhile, numerical results are slightly lower than test data for bolts, the bolt with maximum axial stress 450MPa is labeled as L3, axial stress is 465MPa if dynamic coefficient is included, and is still lower than permissible stress of bolt 506MPa, which indicates the reliability of connection between end shield and frame during transportation.
Then, numerical results and strength test data were compared, and precision and reliability of finite element model were confirmed, which indicates that FEM results could be an important reference for evaluation of transportation safety.
Online since: December 2013
Authors: Lei Zhang, Zong Liang Qiao, Feng Qi Si, Zhi Gao Xu
The simulation data show that the Multi-objective optimum method can get more effective results compared to the weight coefficient method.
However, SVM training is time consuming when analyzes huge data.
Fig.2 LSSVM characteristic models of demister Multi-objective optimization model of the demister Multi-objective optimization means to search the best design data within the range of design variables under all constraint conditions.
However, there is no exist of the best design data which can make all the targets reach optimal values at the same time, as these targets are always in conflict situations.
As a result, the best design data which can make all the targets reach optimal values at the same time don’t exist in Multi-objective optimal model of demister.
However, SVM training is time consuming when analyzes huge data.
Fig.2 LSSVM characteristic models of demister Multi-objective optimization model of the demister Multi-objective optimization means to search the best design data within the range of design variables under all constraint conditions.
However, there is no exist of the best design data which can make all the targets reach optimal values at the same time, as these targets are always in conflict situations.
As a result, the best design data which can make all the targets reach optimal values at the same time don’t exist in Multi-objective optimal model of demister.
Online since: September 2013
Authors: Joanna Strug
However, most test generation methods provides tests reflecting only the intended use of a system, while an accurate model should also ensure proper handling of specific, erroneous situations and prevent processing of incorrect or unexpected, in certain conditions, data [1].
Thus, a model accepting all these tests can still be able to process incorrect data and provide seemingly correct results.
The main idea behind this approach is to apply mutation testing to mutate tests, mostly by modifying data the model should process or conditions the model works in.
When an evaluated model is run against a mutated test, it either performs as if the data or conditions were correct and expected don’t recognizing occurrence of an erroneous situation (accepts the test) or fails (rejects the test).
A single test defines a scenario for forcing a model to behave in a particular way by giving expected conditions that should hold, data to process and a sequence of steps (usually in a form of operation calls) to perform in order to obtain an expected output.
Thus, a model accepting all these tests can still be able to process incorrect data and provide seemingly correct results.
The main idea behind this approach is to apply mutation testing to mutate tests, mostly by modifying data the model should process or conditions the model works in.
When an evaluated model is run against a mutated test, it either performs as if the data or conditions were correct and expected don’t recognizing occurrence of an erroneous situation (accepts the test) or fails (rejects the test).
A single test defines a scenario for forcing a model to behave in a particular way by giving expected conditions that should hold, data to process and a sequence of steps (usually in a form of operation calls) to perform in order to obtain an expected output.
Online since: January 2013
Authors: Xiao Chun Wu, Xia Li, Ming Yao Li, Xiao Xia Li
And an effective method for correction of friction was used to amend the tested flow stress, Meanwhile, the constitutive equations of flow stress-strain for TL1438 steel during hot forming was established based on the amended flow stress and hyperbolic sine which includes Zener-Hollomon parameter, and related parameters of TL1438 during hot forming was obtained by analyzing the data.
For the friction and deformation thermal effects during the experiments can not be ignored, an effective method of friction correction was set to amend experimental data, and in accordance with experimental data after the correction, constitutive equation of high-temperature was established to prepare for the numerical simulation of hot forging process.
In order to make the hot deformation process of TL1438 steel truthfully reflected by true stress-strain curve, it is needed to amend the flow stress test data for creating accurate high-temperature constitutive relation [3].
Fig.1 The schematic diagrams of the samples before and after pressed the stress formula of amended friction is as Eq(1)[4]: (1) Where P is the the true stress before amendment, h is instantaneous height of the specimen,is the initial height for samples, Δh is instantaneous reduction, R is for the instantaneous radius of the samples, R0 is initial radius of samples, and , m is the friction factor, which is calculated as Eq(2)-Eq(4): (2) (3) (4) Where h1 is the sample height after compression, and , where RM is the maximum of the bulge, RT is underside radius which is the part of the indenter in contact with specimen, and its express formula is , Δh1 is total changes in height of specimen after compression.
(a) (b) (c) (d) Fig.2 The experimental and corrected stress-strain curves of TL1438 Steel (a) έ=0.01s-1 (b) έ=0.1s-1 (c) έ=1s-1 (d) έ=10s-1 High temperature constitutive equation The constitutive equation of TL1438 steel in this paper was established according to the corrected stress data which reduced the influence of friction.
For the friction and deformation thermal effects during the experiments can not be ignored, an effective method of friction correction was set to amend experimental data, and in accordance with experimental data after the correction, constitutive equation of high-temperature was established to prepare for the numerical simulation of hot forging process.
In order to make the hot deformation process of TL1438 steel truthfully reflected by true stress-strain curve, it is needed to amend the flow stress test data for creating accurate high-temperature constitutive relation [3].
Fig.1 The schematic diagrams of the samples before and after pressed the stress formula of amended friction is as Eq(1)[4]: (1) Where P is the the true stress before amendment, h is instantaneous height of the specimen,is the initial height for samples, Δh is instantaneous reduction, R is for the instantaneous radius of the samples, R0 is initial radius of samples, and , m is the friction factor, which is calculated as Eq(2)-Eq(4): (2) (3) (4) Where h1 is the sample height after compression, and , where RM is the maximum of the bulge, RT is underside radius which is the part of the indenter in contact with specimen, and its express formula is , Δh1 is total changes in height of specimen after compression.
(a) (b) (c) (d) Fig.2 The experimental and corrected stress-strain curves of TL1438 Steel (a) έ=0.01s-1 (b) έ=0.1s-1 (c) έ=1s-1 (d) έ=10s-1 High temperature constitutive equation The constitutive equation of TL1438 steel in this paper was established according to the corrected stress data which reduced the influence of friction.
Online since: February 2013
Authors: Roberto Montanari, Ilaria Cappelloni
This work reviews and critically discusses data of mechanical properties reported in literature.
Analysis of literature data shows that E value strongly depends on the position.
In general these data are affected by a strong scattering.
Literature data are reported in Table 7.
Table 9 resumes literature data.
Analysis of literature data shows that E value strongly depends on the position.
In general these data are affected by a strong scattering.
Literature data are reported in Table 7.
Table 9 resumes literature data.
Online since: November 2014
Authors: Qiang Li, Kui Yang, Li Ma
Data playback will restore the data package of the TCP upper layer application protocol.
Design of data recovery module.
Data recovery module means restore the intrusion data package that is caught by the detector.
Then, catch the threading of the data package, data package manage and analyze dispatch thread, and data stream restores threading to realize the data recovery.
The revert database stores the application protocol after the reduction.
Design of data recovery module.
Data recovery module means restore the intrusion data package that is caught by the detector.
Then, catch the threading of the data package, data package manage and analyze dispatch thread, and data stream restores threading to realize the data recovery.
The revert database stores the application protocol after the reduction.
Online since: October 2013
Authors: Di Wang, Guo Zhong Sun
However, the main exporting industries are energy and emission intensive, which reveals disadvantage for carbon reduction.
Several studies have been conducted to analyze the relationship between CO2 emission and GDP, FDI and trade, but different conclusions have been made because of different data sources, carbon accounting methods and econometric models [1-3].
Data.
The data of GDP per capita, foreign direct investment and export are adopted or derived from the 1995-2010 China Statistical Yearbooks.
Statistics data showed that 2/3 of the enterprises which has got the certifications of ISO14001 are foreign-invested enterprises and 1/2 of enterprises which has obtained certification of environmental labeling are foreign-invested enterprises.
Several studies have been conducted to analyze the relationship between CO2 emission and GDP, FDI and trade, but different conclusions have been made because of different data sources, carbon accounting methods and econometric models [1-3].
Data.
The data of GDP per capita, foreign direct investment and export are adopted or derived from the 1995-2010 China Statistical Yearbooks.
Statistics data showed that 2/3 of the enterprises which has got the certifications of ISO14001 are foreign-invested enterprises and 1/2 of enterprises which has obtained certification of environmental labeling are foreign-invested enterprises.