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Online since: October 2013
Authors: Ki Pyo You, Young Moon Kim, Jang Youl You
TYPE 2 placing tower type in the middle and plank type buildings beside the tower got full scores in the building to land ratio, sunshine security ratio, unit energy consumption, energy reduction rate, unit energy CO2 exhaust.
They assumed that there was 4.0m/s of average wind speed at the height of 60m (top of 20-story apartment building) using wind speed data from weather stations in key cities Airflow analysis in CFD made in two directions. 1) CFD interpretation performed around the height of 60m (top of the apartment building).
When calculating directly from observatory data, calculation of the generated electricity using the anemometer data to calculate wind speed emergence time.
Blanch : The Feasibility of building-mounted/integrated wind turbines :Achieving their potential for carbon emission reduction Energy Research unit CCLRC, (2005) [2] H.D.
Celik: Energy output estimation for small-scale wind power generators using weibull- representative wind data Journal of Wind Engineering and Industrial Aerodynamics. 91(2003), p.693-707
They assumed that there was 4.0m/s of average wind speed at the height of 60m (top of 20-story apartment building) using wind speed data from weather stations in key cities Airflow analysis in CFD made in two directions. 1) CFD interpretation performed around the height of 60m (top of the apartment building).
When calculating directly from observatory data, calculation of the generated electricity using the anemometer data to calculate wind speed emergence time.
Blanch : The Feasibility of building-mounted/integrated wind turbines :Achieving their potential for carbon emission reduction Energy Research unit CCLRC, (2005) [2] H.D.
Celik: Energy output estimation for small-scale wind power generators using weibull- representative wind data Journal of Wind Engineering and Industrial Aerodynamics. 91(2003), p.693-707
Online since: September 2013
Authors: Zainal Abidin Ahmad, Mazlan Mohamed, Mohd Nor Hakim Hassan, Muhamad Iqbal bin Ahmad, Azman Ahmad Bakir
This equipment is also supplied with software, to ease data retrieving and diagnosis guides.
The authors have gathered and plotted the data for the XY plane measurements at different feed rates.
The data will be recorded and examined according to the methods explained by Y.Kakino, et al.[11] in his book.
For the XY plane, an additional feed rate of 2540m/min was measured for the comparison between manufacturing data and tested data.
Meanwhile at the ZX plane, the data have illustrated a slight reduction in the errors as the feed rates increase.
The authors have gathered and plotted the data for the XY plane measurements at different feed rates.
The data will be recorded and examined according to the methods explained by Y.Kakino, et al.[11] in his book.
For the XY plane, an additional feed rate of 2540m/min was measured for the comparison between manufacturing data and tested data.
Meanwhile at the ZX plane, the data have illustrated a slight reduction in the errors as the feed rates increase.
Online since: January 2012
Authors: Xiang Fu Ma, Ying Jie Wei, Cong Wang, Wei Cao, Wen Hu Huang
Meanwhile, the hydrofoil surface pressure and temperature numerical results with experimental data and more Hord compared to verify the validity of the numerical simulation.
The Case 290C from the experimental data reported by Hord is investigated with the following conditions: σ∞=1.7, Re=9.1×106, T∞=83.06K for 290C with liquid nitrogen.
It is found that the vapor pressure compared well with the measuring data and it is not sensitive to the variation of the rate coefficients.
The results and experimental data are consistent.
Meanwhile, according to experimental data, fixed Zwart cavitation model of evaporation and condensation coefficients, to make it better suit for simulation of liquid nitrogen cavitation.
The Case 290C from the experimental data reported by Hord is investigated with the following conditions: σ∞=1.7, Re=9.1×106, T∞=83.06K for 290C with liquid nitrogen.
It is found that the vapor pressure compared well with the measuring data and it is not sensitive to the variation of the rate coefficients.
The results and experimental data are consistent.
Meanwhile, according to experimental data, fixed Zwart cavitation model of evaporation and condensation coefficients, to make it better suit for simulation of liquid nitrogen cavitation.
Online since: September 2014
Authors: Gui Bin Pang, Yan Li, Zheng He Xu, Huan Zhi Gao
The model consists of four modules: Transpiration Module, Crop Growth Module, Water Module and Nitrogen Module.The data which the model operation needs to input mainly includes: dayly weather parameters (maximum temperature, minimum temperature, radiation, average wind vwlocity, precipitation et al.), corp growth characteristic parameter(growth rate, specific leaf area, maintenance respirationand growth, respiration parameter, partition coefficient of dry matter and specific leaf area et al.), management data of rice field(transplant density, irrigation volume, nitrogen application rate and application of frequency et al.), the soil properties parameter(underground water level, soil water potential and transmissivity et al.).
The above data are saved into the the correspondingly independent data file of Weather data file, Crop file, Experiment file, Soil data file the corresponding independent data file, which is convenient for the user to use and management. 90% of the crop parameters in the model is obtained based on the experimental results, which is universal without the need of correction.
Because the experimental data of the simulation model is not repeated, these two indicators are not shown.
According to the field observed data, we correct the parameters of ORYZA2000 model and obtain the rice crop parameters required by the model.
The reduction in production caused by rice lodging at later stages lead to the model’s higher simulations of the yield.
The above data are saved into the the correspondingly independent data file of Weather data file, Crop file, Experiment file, Soil data file the corresponding independent data file, which is convenient for the user to use and management. 90% of the crop parameters in the model is obtained based on the experimental results, which is universal without the need of correction.
Because the experimental data of the simulation model is not repeated, these two indicators are not shown.
According to the field observed data, we correct the parameters of ORYZA2000 model and obtain the rice crop parameters required by the model.
The reduction in production caused by rice lodging at later stages lead to the model’s higher simulations of the yield.
Online since: October 2010
Authors: Li Bao An
The model generates lower unit production costs compared with the results from the literature and machining data handbook.
Table 1: Data for the Given Example L = 300 mm, Dw = 50 mm, re = 1.2 mm ko = 0.5 $/min, kt = 2.5 $, te = 1.5 min, tp = 0.75 min h1 = 7´10-4 (min/mm), h2 = 0.3 (min) Vmax = 500 m/min, Vmin = 5 m/min, fmax = 0.9 mm/rev, fmin = 0.1 mm/rev, ds,max = 2 mm, ds,min = 0.5 mm, dr,max = 4 mm, dr,min = 1 mm T = 25 min, Rs,max = 0.0025 mm, Rr,max = 0.025 mm, Fmax = 200 kgf, Pmax = 5 kW, h = 0.85 C = 227, α = 0.2, β = 0.35, γ = 0.15, k1 = 108, m = 0.75, n = 0.95 The data were substituted into the model and the three solution methods were applied for a variety of total depths of cut.
Although it is about 2% larger than the unit production cost value found by integer programming, there is still a reduction of 28.55% from the handbook’s suggestion.
The optimization model presented in this paper yields much lower unit production costs compared with the results from the literature and machining data handbook.
Vol. 40(2008), p. 562 [8] Machinability Data Center: Machining Data Handbook (3rd edition, Metcut Research Associates Inc., Cincinnati, Ohio 1980).
Table 1: Data for the Given Example L = 300 mm, Dw = 50 mm, re = 1.2 mm ko = 0.5 $/min, kt = 2.5 $, te = 1.5 min, tp = 0.75 min h1 = 7´10-4 (min/mm), h2 = 0.3 (min) Vmax = 500 m/min, Vmin = 5 m/min, fmax = 0.9 mm/rev, fmin = 0.1 mm/rev, ds,max = 2 mm, ds,min = 0.5 mm, dr,max = 4 mm, dr,min = 1 mm T = 25 min, Rs,max = 0.0025 mm, Rr,max = 0.025 mm, Fmax = 200 kgf, Pmax = 5 kW, h = 0.85 C = 227, α = 0.2, β = 0.35, γ = 0.15, k1 = 108, m = 0.75, n = 0.95 The data were substituted into the model and the three solution methods were applied for a variety of total depths of cut.
Although it is about 2% larger than the unit production cost value found by integer programming, there is still a reduction of 28.55% from the handbook’s suggestion.
The optimization model presented in this paper yields much lower unit production costs compared with the results from the literature and machining data handbook.
Vol. 40(2008), p. 562 [8] Machinability Data Center: Machining Data Handbook (3rd edition, Metcut Research Associates Inc., Cincinnati, Ohio 1980).
Online since: May 2014
Authors: Sverre Gulbrandsen-Dahl, Knut Marthinsen
The authors have earlier published data with characterisation of microstructure of aged Al-Mg-Si alloys, including estimation of the coherency strain field surrounding these (semi-) coherent precipitates.
(4) The data from Table 2 is plotted according to this proportionality as the open prisms in Fig. 2.
The correlation between yield strength and Eq. 4 can be calculated from the data in Table 2 and 3 by applying:
(5) The calculated correlation from applying Eq. 5 on the data in Tables 2 and 3 is 0.78.
Heat treatment, yield strength, tensile strength of the samples Alloy Artificial ageing at 175°C [min] Yield strength [MPa] Tensile strength [MPa] A 180 244 312 B 60 324 349 B 180 352 382 C 60 286 337 C 180 319 328 C 600 325 346 Figure 2: Yield strength as function of the solution of equation (4) with measured cross section and volume fraction of hardening precipitates, β’’ with both original data, and with correction of the measurement data with an increase in precipitate radius with 1 nm due to its coherency strain field.
(4) The data from Table 2 is plotted according to this proportionality as the open prisms in Fig. 2.
The correlation between yield strength and Eq. 4 can be calculated from the data in Table 2 and 3 by applying:
(5) The calculated correlation from applying Eq. 5 on the data in Tables 2 and 3 is 0.78.
Heat treatment, yield strength, tensile strength of the samples Alloy Artificial ageing at 175°C [min] Yield strength [MPa] Tensile strength [MPa] A 180 244 312 B 60 324 349 B 180 352 382 C 60 286 337 C 180 319 328 C 600 325 346 Figure 2: Yield strength as function of the solution of equation (4) with measured cross section and volume fraction of hardening precipitates, β’’ with both original data, and with correction of the measurement data with an increase in precipitate radius with 1 nm due to its coherency strain field.
Online since: June 2008
Authors: Ming Feng Chiang, Tzong Ming Wu
Both the X-ray diffraction
data and transmission electron microscopy images of the PLLA/LDH nanocomposites indicate that
most of the LDH layers were disorderly exfoliated into the PLLA matrix.
As a result of ion exchange between the interlayer anion and PLA-COOH, the X-ray data of P-LDH shifts into a smaller angle at 2θ=6.23°, which corresponds to an interlayer distance of 14.19 Å (trace b in Fig. 1A).
For further investigation of the influence of LDH on the thermal degradation of PLLA/LDH nanocomposites, the activation energies (Ea) of thermal degradation for the PLLA/LDH nanocomposites are estimated by the TGA/DTA data.
Therefore, a possible explanation for the reduction in the Ea values needs to be reached.
These data can provide sufficient evidence to prove that the thermal stability of PLLA decreases with increasing the amounts of Mg and Al.
As a result of ion exchange between the interlayer anion and PLA-COOH, the X-ray data of P-LDH shifts into a smaller angle at 2θ=6.23°, which corresponds to an interlayer distance of 14.19 Å (trace b in Fig. 1A).
For further investigation of the influence of LDH on the thermal degradation of PLLA/LDH nanocomposites, the activation energies (Ea) of thermal degradation for the PLLA/LDH nanocomposites are estimated by the TGA/DTA data.
Therefore, a possible explanation for the reduction in the Ea values needs to be reached.
These data can provide sufficient evidence to prove that the thermal stability of PLLA decreases with increasing the amounts of Mg and Al.
Online since: December 2013
Authors: Agoes Priyanto, Adi Maimun, Shuhaimi Mansor, Saeed Jamei, Mohammad Mobassher Tofa, Nor Azwadi
The numerical results of the compound wing for fixed ground validated with the experimental data.
Total wing span (b) [mm] 250 Root chord length (c) [mm] 200 Middle wing span (bm) 125 Taper ratio (c/ ct) 1.25 Anhedral angle (a) [°] 13 For the validation propose, the CFD simulation was compared with experimental data using the low speed wind tunnel at the Universiti Teknologi Malaysia.
The reduction of drag coefficient related to moving ground as compared with fixed one was greater at lower ground clearance of 0.1.
Total wing span (b) [mm] 250 Root chord length (c) [mm] 200 Middle wing span (bm) 125 Taper ratio (c/ ct) 1.25 Anhedral angle (a) [°] 13 For the validation propose, the CFD simulation was compared with experimental data using the low speed wind tunnel at the Universiti Teknologi Malaysia.
The reduction of drag coefficient related to moving ground as compared with fixed one was greater at lower ground clearance of 0.1.
Online since: January 2016
Authors: M.S. Kovalchenko
As an example, Fig. 2 shows Williams’ data [23] on the densification kinetics for pressure sintering of copper powder with the particle sizes of 76 – 104 µm.
The graphical data of the above article were scanned and digitized to provide for calculations along the data points of each curve seen on the display.
Besides, the results may affect the limited data obtained in single experiments for each condition without checking reproducibility.
After comparing the experimental and modeled data, it is seen that the developed dynamic model adequately represents the process of impact sintering.
Data on the shear viscosity depending on the initial impact velocity v0 under impact sintering of porous g-iron at temperatures from 920 to 1200 °С are shown in Fig. 11.
The graphical data of the above article were scanned and digitized to provide for calculations along the data points of each curve seen on the display.
Besides, the results may affect the limited data obtained in single experiments for each condition without checking reproducibility.
After comparing the experimental and modeled data, it is seen that the developed dynamic model adequately represents the process of impact sintering.
Data on the shear viscosity depending on the initial impact velocity v0 under impact sintering of porous g-iron at temperatures from 920 to 1200 °С are shown in Fig. 11.
Online since: May 2015
Authors: Seok Ho Yoon, Keun Hong Chae, Hua Ping Liu
The throughput of the data transmission is proportional to the modulation index M, thus, a single objective fitness function fthroughput can be expressed as where Mmax and Mmin are the maximum and minimum values of M, respectively.
The Single Objective Fitness Function for the Interference Reduction.
We firstly measured a frequency spectrum of [250 MHz, 260 MHz] bands at the top of a mountain in Yongin city, Korea, and then, used the measured data as the input of the simulator.
When all weight values are non-zero and the weight value w1 is the largest, the scenario can be regarded as ‘multimedia service mode’ where the SU needs to transmit data using a wide vacant band.
The Single Objective Fitness Function for the Interference Reduction.
We firstly measured a frequency spectrum of [250 MHz, 260 MHz] bands at the top of a mountain in Yongin city, Korea, and then, used the measured data as the input of the simulator.
When all weight values are non-zero and the weight value w1 is the largest, the scenario can be regarded as ‘multimedia service mode’ where the SU needs to transmit data using a wide vacant band.