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Mechanical Properties and Biocompatibility of Porous Titanium Prepared by Powder Sintering Ik-Hyun Oh 1,a, Hyeon-Taek Son 1,b Chang-Seok Kang1,c , Jae-Seol Lee1,d , Jae-Ik Cho 1,e, Jung-Chan Bae1,f, Byong-Taek Lee2,g and Ho-Yeon Song3,h 1 Gwangju Research Center, Korea Institute of Industrial Technology (KITECH), Gwangju, 506-824, South Korea 2 School of Advanced Materials Engineering, Kongju National University, Chungnam, 314-701, South Korea 3 Department of Microbiology , Soonchunhyang University, Cheonan-city, 366-1, South Korea a ihoh@kitech.re.kr, bsht50@kitech.re.kr, ccskang7@kitech.re.kr, d jslee7@kitech.re.kr, e uwjaeik@kitech.re.kr, fjcbae@kitech.re.kr, glbt@kongju.ac.kr, and h songmic@sch.ac.kr Keywords: porous titanium, spark plasma sintering, porosity, young's modulus, biocompatibility Abstract.
The purpose of this study is to fabricate porous Ti compacts having roughened surface and to control the properties such as porosity and Young's modulus.
In contrast, sintering temperature affects very slightly the densification of Ti compacts, as can be seen in sintering at each temperature without sintering pressure in Table 1.
Sintering temperature (�) Sintering pressure(MPa) Mean powder size(µm) Porosity (Vol. %) 900 0 425 39.2 218 35.9 94 33.1 10 425 19.3 218 9.3 94 5.1 1100 0 425 37.7 218 34.9 94 31.9 1300 0 425 34.2 218 30.9 94 24.1 Consequently, the initial powder size and sintering pressure are dominant factors governing the densification behavior of porous Ti compacts in the temperature range from 900 to 1300�. � It should be noted that the present compacts with the porosities greater than 20 vol% are promising for biomedical applications, since the optimal porosity of implant materials for ingrowths of newbone tissue is in the range 20-50 vol% [7].

Improved mechanical properties can be obtained after thermo-mechanical deformation, such as normal extrusion, rolling and advanced severe plastic deformation process (HPT, ECAP, etc.) [4, 5].
Moreover, the deformation capability of Mg alloys is strongly affected by texture.
Researches have indicated that damping behaviour of Mg varies with large number of factors, such as solute element, grain size and its distribution, grain boundary condition, texture, and et al.
The damping tests were carried out at a dynamic mechanical analyzer (DMA) (Model TA Q800, USA) with single cantilever vibration mode.
Table 1 List of the tensile properties from Fig. 4.

Through mixing different amount of waste asphalt concrete, fiber and fly ash, to study how those factors improve the crack resistance of waste asphalt concrete fiber cement stabilized macadam materials on the basis of having no affect on its mechanical properties, so as to adapt to the requirements for material anti-cracking performance of engineering construction.
The general situation Experimental Scheme The crack resistance of waste asphalt concrete fiber cement stabilized macadam is a comprehensive performance that affected by multiple factors.
Such as cement, fiber, waste asphalt concrete and fly ash all can influence the crack resistance of waste asphalt concrete fiber cement stabilized macadam in different degree, in consideration of so many influencing factors, using orthogonal test can find the main controlled factors and its influence rules.
Considering the 4 factors above and each factor in 3 levels, then arranged 16 groups tests according to orthogonal table, shown in table 1, through water content test and drying shrinkage test to determine and analysis the influence of above factors against crack resistance.
Cement is the second order of the effect of moisture content and dry shrinkage property of materials among the four factors and is good for dry shrinkage property.

Hence, the model performs as a powerful and comprehensive tool to simulate post-form strength of 6xxx series aluminium alloys that undergo complicated thermomechanical processes including high temperature deformation and post-form heat treatment, with less than 5% deviation between measured and predicted values. 1 Introduction Age-hardening aluminium alloys have been promising candidates for structural components in the automotive and aircraft industries due to their excellent mechanical properties, such as high strength-to-weight ratio, good corrosion resistance, recyclability and remarkable formability at elevated temperatures [1].
The precipitation response of these alloys is dependent on many factors, notably chemical composition of the material, room temperature storage and plastic deformation among others.
Consequently, this affects the ageing response considerably.
One of the factors critically influencing the precipitation kinetics is the availability of quenched-in vacancies.
Dean, “An investigation of the effects of solution heat treatment on mechanical properties for AA 6xxx alloys: experimentation and modelling,” Int.

The strength properties of soil are affected directly by the physical parameters [2-3].
As for remolded saturated clays, the two physical parameters, initial void ratio and plasticity index, which represent the condition and the type of soils respectively, can almost determine their mechanical properties [4].
Therefore, it is necessary to simultaneously consider both the factors for the peak shear strength parameters.
Basic physical properties of soil were determined and their values are presented in Table. 1.
Soil Physical Properties as Predictors of Soil Strength Indices: Trinidad Case Study.

The maximum radial concave deformation is 72.0mm about the three-canvas, the distance is 147mm between the feedback source and three-canvas, and there is 75mm gap, so the three-canvas can’t contact with the feedback source, and it also can’t affect electrical property, the system is safe.
The maximum stress is 128Mpa in the forward, the safety factor is 220/128=1.72, so there is no breaking.
The force of the canvas overlay is: (5) (C——wind factor q——wind pressure S——windward area) So similarly received that the force of unit length around the canvas overlay is 1417N, the safe factor is 34.1, the canvas overlay is safe absolutely in using.
The analysis showed that the minimum factor of safety of the antenna is 5.1 in which the working wind-speed is 110km/h ensure accuracy, the reflector surface accuracy is 0.5147mm, the clearance between feedback source and canvas overlap is 75mm, and they can’t compact the electrical properties, so the system is safe.
The test showed that the antenna structure is no apparent deformation or damage in the ensure accuracy, the minimum reflector surface accuracy is 0.474mm, there is 68mm safe distance between feedback source and canvas overlap, and they can’t compact the electrical properties, so the system is safe.

The noble alloys show a good biocompatibility, but the mechanical properties are low, and the thermal expansion coefficient is higher compared to ceramics.
However the superior mechanical properties and the low cost have made these alloys to be the most used at this time in our country for the metal frame of implant-supported prosthesis.
Zirconia is widely used to build prosthetic devices because of its good chemical properties, dimensional stability, high mechanical strength, toughness, and a Young's modulus (210 GPa) similar to that of stainless steel alloy (193 GPa).
This can cause distortion of the metal structure affecting its passive adaptation.
The appearance of restoration after the test into oral cavity and after finishing and polishing The diacrylic composites resins (DCR) tend to impose themselves in the manufacturing of prosthesis and replace acrylic resins in a series of prosthetic devices, due to a number of favorable properties, such as chemical bonding of the DRC to the metal that prevents leakage of the fluid from the oral cavity, increased resistance to abrasion, resistance to aggressive factors from the oral environment.

Sintering under high temperatures, during sintering, the sintering characteristics of the iron-containing raw material itself is the most important internal factors affect sintering process.Alkalinity, water and fuel are the most important external factors affect the sintering process.To adapt the sintering characteristics of iron materials in order to reach the best sintering effect.
During the sintering process, the addition of fuel, grain size of the fuel,combustion properties of fuel and other factors that directly affect the temperature and heat change of the sintering process.
Table 2 Test Designing Quicklime Dolomite Dolomite Limestone Back to mine Water Alkalinity 2.0 3.5 4 5.9 30 6.2±0.2 1.90±0.05 Test Results Analysis 3.1 composition of fuel particle size and distribution in the mixture The solid fuel used in the test is the anthracite for sintering, fuel involved in the mixing granulation.In the function of mechanical forces, the distribution of the different fractions in the mixture changed,its composition of original particle size and the distribution of various fractions in the mixture shown in Figure 1, Figure 2 respectively.
The results show that: solid fuels in mixed granulation,in the function of mechanical force and water.
References [1] FAN xiao-hui,MENG jun,CHEN xu-ling.The Factors of Calcium Ferrite Formation in Iron Ore Sintering[J].the Journal of Central South University,2008,39(6):1125-1131.

Among the common materials adopted as substrates, Ti is unique to be used in industrial, aerospace and biomaterial devices for its high strength-to-weight ratio, melting point, chemical inertness and biocompatibility properties [2].
SiC is a rich and extensive resource in nature with nice mechanical properties and small thermal expansion coefficient, which makes it a promising alternative material of WC-Co and an applicable material of interlayer [3].
The adhesive strength between the substrate and the film is one of the important factors characterizing the quality of film.
Vohra, Tribological properties of undoped and boron-doped nanocrystalline diamond films, Thin Solid Films, 517 (2008) 800-804 [10] F.H.
Bello and et al, Film thickness effects on mechanical and tribological properties of nitrogenated diamond-like carbon films, Surf.

The dynamic coefficient relates not only to structural factors such as the system mass distribution, the system stiffness and damping coefficient, but also to the use of condition and the system control state of lifting drives.
The carrying capacity of the jib is mainly affected by its material.
The mechanical property of the material which is used to manufactured the tower jib is of discreteness, as a result, the static strength is of statistical feature[5] .
Usually, the mathematical expectation and standard deviation of the material sample tensile mechanical property can be identify through the relevant design information.
Reliability optimization design of Mechanical parts.