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The unpolished dies present similar rugged surfaces covered by a layer of homogeneous diamond films on which well-faceted diamond grains with grain size of 3-4μm distribute, while the polished films are with smoother surface.
The slight shift to 1340cm-1 from 1332cm-1 in wave number may be owing to residual compressive stress caused by the different thermal expansion coefficient.

Experimental procedure: Substrate material used for TBCs application was fine grain version of Inconel 713LC supplied by PBS, Velká Bíteš, a.s in the form button-end samples made by investment casting.
Average grain size found using linear intercept method was 0.66 mm.
Nevertheless, as a general trend with increase in strain amplitudes the number of cracks increases as well as diversity of crack initiation sites [4].

The analysis of deformation and damage behavior of aluminum cast components is very complex, since local mechanical properties in the components are inhomogeneous as a consequence of spatial distribution of microstructure e.g. pore size, grain size and arm spacing of secondary dendrites.
The numerical investigation [2] shows that not only the spatial distribution of porosity but also microstructure e.g. grain sizes and arm spacing of secondary dendrites and residual stresses in an aluminum die cast component can be calculated by casting simulation.
The total element number in the observed region is 840.

For the comprehensive utilization of waste, the mineral component, chemical composition, grain size and microstructure of alumina red mud from Henan Branch of China Aluminum Co. were determined in this research.
Fig. 2 SEM photo magnified 3000 times Fig. 1 Grain-size distribution of red mud from Henan Branch of China Aluminum Co.
Air compressor Buffer tank Dust and water SO2 CO2 NOX Condenser Gas flow indicator Spray device Digital display Original flue gas Slurry tank Rotameter Absorption tower Vacuum pump Fig. 3 The process flow chart of desulfurization Table 2 Results of orthogonal experiments Number RL/S [g/g] V(SO2) [m/s] RL/G[L/m3] c(SO2) [mg/m3] η [%] 1 5:1 0.28 8:1 1700 93.0 2 5:1 0.35 10:1 1900 96.8 3 5:1 0.42 12:1 2100 97.0 4 7:1 0.28 10:1 2100 96.3 5 7:1 0.35 12:1 1700 97.5 6 7:1 0.42 8:1 1900 93.2 7 9:1 0.28 12:1 1900 96.4 8 9:1 0.35 8:1 2100 92.5 9 9:1 0.42 10:1 1700 95.6 K1 95.6 95.2 93.0 95.5 K2 95.7 95.5 96.2 95.4 K3 94.9 95.1 96.9 95.3 R 0.8 0.4 3.9 0.2 In Fig. 4, η increases with RL/G increasing under different RL/G.

And the prepared film appears very smooth, continuous and uniform with a grain size of 0.1μm, highly oriented with the (0 0 l) planes perpendicular to the substrate surface.
Organic compounds offer a number of useful properties, including structural diversity, plastic mechanical properties, ease of processing, and efficient luminescence.
The perovskite film appears very smooth, continuous and uniform, and its grain size is 0.1μm.

After a longer shearing time under isothermal conditions the starting dendritic structure of the said alloy is transformed into globular grains due to abrasion, agglomeration, welding and ripening. 1.
Hence, it is clear that the increase of shear rate increases the number of broken bands between spherical particles and decreases the alloy viscosity.
References [1] Nafisi, S., Lashkari, O., Ghomashchi R., Ajersch F., Charette A., Microstructure and rheological behavior of grain refined and modified semi-solid A356 Al–Si slurries, Acta Materialia 54 (2006) 3503–3511

From the Raman spectroscopy, it is found that the peak intensity of 8 modes in Bi1-xHoxFeO3 are increased and the modes shift to higher wave number.
The SEM image of pure BiFeO3 sample reveals grains have well defined and sharp edge with varying sizes.
The surface morphology of samples doped by Ho exhibit better microstructures with a good homogeneity, high density, small grain size without appearance of any residual porosity, which can be attributed to the reduction of the lattice imperfection caused by the volatility of bismuth in the preparation of the doped samples.

In fact, it was well detailed that instrumented indentation was found advantageous in both repeatability and a number of measured parameters over classical hardness methods for different materials.
The latter model, however, presents problems: it is necessary to know the grain distribution in the matrix, only the characteristics of the composite material in a particular point, the gradient of mechanical properties between the grains and the matrix is not taken into account by this model.

It was shown that the creep strength decreased due to the coarsening of acicular type M23C6 at subgrain boundaries and the agglomeration of M23C6 at prior austenite grain boundaries.
In NEW material, carbides are precipitated at prior austenitic grain boundaries and subgrain boundaries with a fine acicular shape.
However, at LMPs of 22.6(TA70-5), carbides are coarsened obviously and the number of carbides decreases.

CBN tool sintered at relatively lower temperature tended to fracture through the bond bridge, while the one sintered at higher temperature tended to fracture along the boundary between CBN abrasive grain and vitrified bond.
Fig.1 DSC-TG trace of CBN abrasives Table1 Compressive strengths of CBN abrasives after heat treated at different conditions Test number Heat treatment temperature (°C) Heat treatment time (h) Compressive strength (N) 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 R.T. 650 720 800 800 900 1000 1100 0 2 2 0.5 2 2 2 2 36.9 37.8 36.1 33.4 23.6 23.3 19.8 16.0 Compressive strengths of CBN particles after heat treated at different temperatures and with different holding times were shown in Table1.
CBN tool sintered at relatively lower temperature tended to fracture through the bond bridge, while the one sintered at higher temperature tended to fracture along the boundary between CBN abrasive grains and vitrified bond.