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Online since: April 2012
Authors: Jie Huang, Jian Li Yang, Mei Li Du, Xiao Gang Yang
As we all know, the chromium ions in wastewater can cause great harm on the human body and the environment, and chemical methods to remove heavy metal ions in wastewater cost highly, so it can be removed by the use of zeolite adsorption, as opposed to conventional zeolite, due to ultra-zeolite particle size decreases, the outer surface multiply increased,exposed to the surface of the cell number also increased compared with conventional molecular sieve, thereby the restrictions of spread reduces greatly, the adsorption capacity of zeolite improves greatly.
In this study, based on mature hydrothermal method, first synthesize zeolite 4A, then base on it to synthesize ultra-zeolite 4A by using of microwave method [6-7] to reduce the grain size, surface area increases, thus enhance adsorption, and use it absorb chromium ions in wastewater, is a new, efficient, inexpensive, easy to get and a feasible treatment with adsorption of chromium ion in wastewater.
Also seen from the entire diffraction pattern, the peak number is much, diffraction peak intensity is strength, there is no mixed crystals, indicated this sample is molecular sieve 4A.
In the study, we has prepared ultra-zeolite 4A by microwave method, used XRD, SEM, IR and Surface area analyzer to characterize and analyze, used it to remove Cr3 + in wastewater, and got the following conclusions: We has prepared ultra-zeolite 4A by microwave method, its surface area increased significantly compared with conventional zeolite 4A, can be seen from the SEM spectrum of the prepared zeolite,its crystal size decreases a lot and crystal morphology is uniform, synthetic crystal grain diameter is about 700 ~ 800nm.
Online since: May 2013
Authors: Ning Duan, Yao Wen Gao, Teng Zhang, Ke Ming Wu, Yin Feng Zhang
The reason might be that the number of solvent molecules covered on the surface of painting films tended to be saturated and the intermolecular interaction got enhanced with adding of solvents.
As it could be seen from the SEM micrograph in Fig. 8(b), some continuous wodge and unobvious change of the grain boundary might be responsible for the fact that the paint stripper had no corrosion effect to the substrates.
However, some black grain boundaries were observed in Fig. 8(c), which might be due to the slower stripping speed of the finish varnish sample, resulting in the longer stripping time and a little bit corrosion.
Acknowledgement Financial support was provided by the Youth Talent Project of Hubei Education Hall (project number Q20121106).
Online since: March 2010
Authors: Xiao Ping Zhou, Xin Bin Hu, Yi Sheng Xu
The materials synthesis and synthetic materials sediment can be simultaneous, the ceramic phase is synthesized by in-situ synthesis with a fine grain size and the bonding with metal substrate is good[12-16].
This device can control time of heating and cooling and record cycle numbers of heating-cooling automatically.
At the same time, massive hard phase(Mo2FeB2 particulates)in the coating will make the number of grain boundary per unit volume increase and the resistance of crack propagation augment.
Online since: January 2013
Authors: Jun Bo Hu, Zhong Luo
The usual mica is white, and its grain size is 40-80 mesh.
Its reason is that the grain size of QH700 is larger than K100, and the density is lower, as 0.08g/cm3.
The effect of multilayer of fillings Table 1 shows the serial number and fillings component of layered PU sandwich in multilayer.
Table1 The serial number and fillings component of layered PU(units: g) L-1 L-2 L-3 L-4 L-5 L-6 PUEP 60 60 60 60 60 66 EP 40 40 40 40 40 34 KH550 3 3 3 5 5 5 K100 12 12 12 — — 3 K180 — — — 6 6 4 K600 — — — 10 10 10 K800 — — — 2 2 2 QH700 15 15 15 10 10 10 QH450 5 5 5 — — — C — — — 4 4 4 Mica 7 6 6 — — 6 593 15 14 15 11 11 — T5000 6 6 10 11 11 10 D2000 6 6 10 11 11 10 Al2O3 16 — — — — 20 D230 — — — — — — Short fiber — — — 1 1 1 Remark under-layer 14mm, up-layer 11mm.
Online since: January 2012
Authors: M. Sato, Toshihiro Ishikawa, Kohei Morishita, S. Ochiai, H. Okuda
(ii) With increasing exposure temperature, the number and the size of such voids increased.
(iii) The voids formed at the triple points of β-SiC crystal grains.
Transmission electron microscopy characterization revealed no secondary phase at the grain boundaries, while turbostratic carbon has been observed at some triple points [14] as shown schematically in Fig.3(a).
The number and size of such defects increased with increasing exposure temperature.
Online since: February 2012
Authors: Yun Hai Ma, Xing Wang Chai, Zhi Feng Yan, Dong Hui Chen, Jiang Man
From the first time Currey [4] found that the strength , toughness and other properties of molluscs’ shell nacre is about 1000 times more than natural aragonite crystals’ strength, it makes a number of researchers [5-7] explore the relationship between mechanical properties of nacre and micro-structure.
Materials and methods Clams collected from Yingkou, Liaoning, between the ages of 2-3 years, were removed the cuticle of the surface by ethanol, removed a small amount of grease on the nacre with 0.12mol / L NaOH, and then stored at 25℃, relative humidity 70% of the dry environment for 30 days, cut into 4mm×4mm×4mm approximate cube with the CER-2011 precision sample cutter and separated the clam shell nacre and the prismatic layer, recived 4mm×4mm×2mm sheet body and were partly numbered.
Fig.1 Schematic diagram of specimen cutting damage Fig.2 Different compression direction stress - strain curve a) Compression perpendicular to the shell surface; b)Compression parallel to the shell surface;c) Compression nacre; d) Prismatic layer compression Fig.4 Linear load scratch morphology at different times a)Early scratches b)Medium scratches c)Late scratch In the compressed samples for microscopic damage surfaces observed: edges of nacre ragged, cracks expanded along the aragonite polygonal boundary that makes the crack expanded approach increase, thus leaving the energy of the fracture needed to improve, play a significant toughening effect; the crack of prismatic layer stretch along the diagonal, the crack ends when come across grain boundaries, there is significant role in crack arrest and helping toughness grain of prismatic layer; in the overall compression process, lamellar slip and the material shear deformation occurred, resulting in the generation of non-elastic strain
Online since: May 2011
Authors: Li Ma, Zhao Hui Hu, Hong Jun Liu, Yi Li
As temperature rises, size and number of dimples increase gradually.
Furthermore, snake sliding and deflection along the grain boundary can be seen from the upper right in Fig. 6-(b).
Since materials are composed of polycrystalline, crystal grains with different orientations will restrict each other and it is inevitable that slipping proceeds along multiple slip system at high temperature, and finally reflects on snake sliding trait by intersection of slipping system.
Acknowledgements This work has been supported by the “Zhejiang Provincial Natural Science Foundation of China” under contract number Y4100185.
Online since: August 2014
Authors: Yan Ru Chen, Shui Lin Zheng, Yi Chen Lu, Xiao Min Lian, Chao Yang Li
Changes of D10 obtained under 600rpm and 1000rpm indicate that the number of fine particles participate in agglomerations is increased.
Changes of D90 obtained under 600rpm and 1000rpm indicate that the number of fine particles adhering to larger particle surface is increased.
After ultrafine grinding, intensity of characteristic peaks for each plane of GCC is reduced, and the widths of main diffraction peaks have an obvious broad trend indicating that the structure of some GCC particles was distorted and grain size was reduced which resulted in reduction of diffraction intensity.
Compared to the patterns of product using glass beads, it can be seen that there are significant changes of diffraction peak intensity and width in patterns using zirconia beads, indicating that zirconia has a high efficiency and strong impact on the lattice distortion and grain size reduction.
Online since: November 2015
Authors: Stefan Velicu, Ionel Păunescu, Paul Liviu Păunescu
The dimensions of the layers shown in figure no. 4 depend on a number of factors of the metal that constitute the compressor components and also of a number of factors exterior to the system.
The layout in layers for the superficial layer reveals the following elements: 1 – area of elastohydrodynamic lubrication; 2 – area of molecular aggregates or area of liquid crystals; 3, 4 - adsorbed or chemoadsorbed layer formed of polar molecules in the lubricating environment and oriented perpendicular to the surface of the metal; 5 - tribo polymerized or tribo metallo polymerized layer formed after the polymerization of lubricant molecules or other kind of molecules due to the process of friction; 6 – tribo chemical layer formed of non stoichiometric oxides or clusters of acids of the metallic material; 7 - area formed of „soft" components; 8 – area in which the particles resulting from wear are „dissolved” and where the vacancies prevail abundantly; 9 – area where the structure of the material is amorphic (the size of mosaic blocks is less than 10Å); 10 – area in which there is a mechanical texturing and where the mosaic block, the crystalline sub-grains or even grains are rotated
Online since: May 2014
Authors: Chen Xia Wang, Feng Yun Li, Yu Liang Hou
Grain size distribution in grading in 5 ~ 31.5, and grading curve in between the upper and lower limits of 《Technical Requirements and Test Method of Gravel and Crushed Stone for Ordinary Concrete》(JGJ53-92) standard, so the gradation of recycled aggregate meets the requirements.
Tab. 1 Properties of recycled concrete aggregate Grain size distribution(mm) The apparent density (kg/m3) Packing density (kg/m3) Bibulous rate(24h)(%) Needle flake particle concentration(%) Silt content(%) Crush indicators (%) 5~40 2476 1291 3 6.7 4.05 15.3 Tab. 2 Properties of rebars Reinforced type The diameter(mm) The yield strength (MPa) Ultimate strength (MPa) elongation(%) Modulus of elasticity (MPa) Reduction of area (%) Steel slot area (mm2) HRB335 18 410 520 32 2.2 12 1.2 Recycled concrete.
When the anchorage length is 180 mm, According to the different recycled coarse aggregate replacement ratio(30%, 50%, 100%), specimen numbers were RC-180-30, RC-180-50, RC-180-100, when the anchorage length is 360 mm and 450 mm, according to the previous method number.
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