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Online since: September 2011
Authors: Liang Wang
According to the survey data, lush trees can block 50% ~ 90% of the solar radiation heat.
For the south windows, the choice of suitable varieties or layers of glass and take effective measures to reduce energy consumption, under the premise may be appropriate to increase the window size, to take full advantage of solar radiant heat in winter; the other window in meeting room’s indoor lighting, ventilation, based on the appropriate reduction in window size, reduce energy consumption, The Area ratio of window to wall should meet the national norms requirements: "North 0.25, east/west 0.3".
Slope roof ventilation window before and after the set, closed in winter, so that the lower part of the roof space to form a closed insulation space, open in summer, so that the internal hot air under the action of the natural wind flow to the outdoor discharge, a heat insulation space Paying much attention to the thermal insulation of balcony, reducing the northwest wind in winter for indoor direct penetration, and make the appropriate reduction in overhang length, so as not to affect households in the winter sunshine the next block.
For the south windows, the choice of suitable varieties or layers of glass and take effective measures to reduce energy consumption, under the premise may be appropriate to increase the window size, to take full advantage of solar radiant heat in winter; the other window in meeting room’s indoor lighting, ventilation, based on the appropriate reduction in window size, reduce energy consumption, The Area ratio of window to wall should meet the national norms requirements: "North 0.25, east/west 0.3".
Slope roof ventilation window before and after the set, closed in winter, so that the lower part of the roof space to form a closed insulation space, open in summer, so that the internal hot air under the action of the natural wind flow to the outdoor discharge, a heat insulation space Paying much attention to the thermal insulation of balcony, reducing the northwest wind in winter for indoor direct penetration, and make the appropriate reduction in overhang length, so as not to affect households in the winter sunshine the next block.
Online since: October 2012
Authors: Shi Li
Given the many possibilities to substantially reduce buildings’ energy requirements, the potential savings of energy efficiency in the building sector would greatly contribute to a reduction of energy consumption.
The implications of such potential reduction should not be underestimated, as the scale of energy efficiency in buildings is large enough to influence security policy, climate preservation and public health on a national and global scale [1].
The data only calculates building energy consumption in the process of usage, not including energy consumption of building material production and building construction.
The implications of such potential reduction should not be underestimated, as the scale of energy efficiency in buildings is large enough to influence security policy, climate preservation and public health on a national and global scale [1].
The data only calculates building energy consumption in the process of usage, not including energy consumption of building material production and building construction.
Online since: December 2013
Authors: Qian Wang, Zhou Rong Zhang, Zhi Xia He, Li Ming Dai
The simulation results of cylinder pressure were in good agreement with the experiment data, verifying the simulation models [10].
The NO decreases at first and then increases with the injection rate reduction.
M.Sc. thesis, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China, 2013(In Chinese) [11] Minami, T., et al., Reduction of Diesel Engine NOx using Pilot injection, SAE paper 950611, 1995
The NO decreases at first and then increases with the injection rate reduction.
M.Sc. thesis, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China, 2013(In Chinese) [11] Minami, T., et al., Reduction of Diesel Engine NOx using Pilot injection, SAE paper 950611, 1995
Online since: March 2013
Authors: Dmitri A. Molodov, Christoph Günster, Günter Gottstein
Field
Total number of grains
Subset
Mean grain size, µm
Number of grains
Grain fraction
both
82
1285
0.67
0 T
1925
(90°,20°,φ2)
81
656
0.34
(270°,20°,φ2)
83
629
0.33
both
100
1298
0.88
17 T
1471
(90°,20°,φ2)
99
444
0.30
(270°,20°,φ2)
100
854
0.58
The rolling texture with two peaks in the (0002) pole figure measured after 90% reduction is similar to those already reported in literature for low alloyed zinc after high rolling reductions.
For analysis of EBSD data the whole set of grains was subdivided into subsets with orientations around (90, 20, φ2) and (270, 20, φ2).
For analysis of EBSD data the whole set of grains was subdivided into subsets with orientations around (90, 20, φ2) and (270, 20, φ2).
Online since: December 2012
Authors: Lan Yao, Sui Huai Yu, Chao Jiang
Table 1 Multi-hierarchy Index System of Ergonomics Evaluation
Goal Hierarchy
Principle Hierarchy
Index Hierarchy
Principle Hierarchy
Index Hierarchy
Ergonomics Performance of Aircraft Passenger Cabin Interior Environment
Seat Subsystem
A
Sitting Height a1
Noise
F
Noise f1
Sitting Width a2
Noise Reduction f2
Seatback Surface a3
Humidity Controlling G
Humidity g1
Adjustment degree a4
Controlling Stability g2
Softness a5
Temperature Controlling H
Temperature h1
Foot Space a6
Controlling Stability h2
Storage Subsystem
B
Opening Way b1
Air Condition I
Air Quality i1
Storage Depth b2
Security Subsystem
J
Security j1
Storage Height b3
Escape Equipment j2
Channel Subsystem
C
Main Channel mc1
Guiding Subsystem
K
Comprehensiveness k1
Row Space c2
Accuracy k2
Ground Subsystem
D
Obstacle d1
Striking Degree k3
Anti-slipping d2
Dining Subsystem
L
Dinning Height l1
Lighting System
E
Overall Lighting e1
Firmness l2
Local Lighting e2
Color Subsystem
M
Reasonable Degree m1
Light Stability
Table 2 Evaluating Weights of Subsystems and Indexes Index Weight Index Weight Index Weight Seat Subsystem A 0.147 Seatback Surface a3 0.176 Noise Reduction f2 0.520 Storage Subsystem B 0.092 Adjustment degree a4 0.154 Humidity g1 0.545 Channel Subsystem C 0.098 Softness a5 0.121 Controlling Stability g2 0.454 Ground Subsystem D 0.078 Foot Space a6 0.110 Temperature h1 0.630 Lighting System E 0.061 Opening Way b1 0.341 Controlling Stability h2 0.370 Noise Subsystem F 0.055 Storage Depth b2 0.227 Air Quality i1 1.000 Humidity Controlling Subsystem G 0.037 Storage Height b3 0.432 Security j1 0.500 Temperature Controlling Subsystem H 0.061 Main Channel c1 0.615 Escape Equipment j2 0.500 Air Condition Subsystem I 0.043 Row Space c22 0.385 Comprehensiveness k1 0.308 Security Subsystem J 0.147 Obstacle d1 0.500 Accuracy k2 0.404 Guiding Subsystem K 0.086 Anti-slipping d2 0.500 Striking Degree k3 0.288 Dining Subsystem L 0.055 Overall Lighting e1 0.375 Dinning Height l1 0.542 Color Subsystem
Table 3 Evaluation Scores Index Score Index Score Index Score Index Score S.1 S.2 S.3 S.1 S.2 S.3 S.1 S.2 S.3 S.1 S.2 S.3 a1 95.8 87.4 93.8 b3 90.4 86.4 72.6 f1 91.4 91.4 78.8 j2 91.8 92.6 87.6 a2 91.6 91.4 85.4 c1 87.8 90.6 80.4 f2 89.6 84.4 87.8 k1 88.6 91.2 91.8 a3 87.2 89.2 82.0 c2 91.0 89.0 76.8 g1 90.6 82.6 91.0 k2 86.6 85.0 89.6 a4 80.2 76.6 85.8 d1 93.8 75.6 85.4 g2 91.2 78.4 93.8 k3 90.2 83.8 78.4 a5 90.8 86.4 86.6 d2 91.4 85.0 90.2 h1 90.4 82.4 91.4 l1 88.4 78.6 86.6 a6 91.4 84.6 86.8 e1 87.4 91.8 88.8 h2 91.6 79.0 84.4 l2 91.0 87.0 88.2 b1 88.8 81.2 74.4 e2 89.4 88.6 80.2 i1 88.6 88.0 82.6 m1 92.0 90.6 91.6 b2 86.4 76.2 76.2 e3 87.6 86.6 82.2 j1 91.0 90.4 78.4 3.3 Non-dimensional Index As the evaluation scores are expected to be as high as possible, the initial data is calculated by Eq. (16) and become non-dimensional.
Table 2 Evaluating Weights of Subsystems and Indexes Index Weight Index Weight Index Weight Seat Subsystem A 0.147 Seatback Surface a3 0.176 Noise Reduction f2 0.520 Storage Subsystem B 0.092 Adjustment degree a4 0.154 Humidity g1 0.545 Channel Subsystem C 0.098 Softness a5 0.121 Controlling Stability g2 0.454 Ground Subsystem D 0.078 Foot Space a6 0.110 Temperature h1 0.630 Lighting System E 0.061 Opening Way b1 0.341 Controlling Stability h2 0.370 Noise Subsystem F 0.055 Storage Depth b2 0.227 Air Quality i1 1.000 Humidity Controlling Subsystem G 0.037 Storage Height b3 0.432 Security j1 0.500 Temperature Controlling Subsystem H 0.061 Main Channel c1 0.615 Escape Equipment j2 0.500 Air Condition Subsystem I 0.043 Row Space c22 0.385 Comprehensiveness k1 0.308 Security Subsystem J 0.147 Obstacle d1 0.500 Accuracy k2 0.404 Guiding Subsystem K 0.086 Anti-slipping d2 0.500 Striking Degree k3 0.288 Dining Subsystem L 0.055 Overall Lighting e1 0.375 Dinning Height l1 0.542 Color Subsystem
Table 3 Evaluation Scores Index Score Index Score Index Score Index Score S.1 S.2 S.3 S.1 S.2 S.3 S.1 S.2 S.3 S.1 S.2 S.3 a1 95.8 87.4 93.8 b3 90.4 86.4 72.6 f1 91.4 91.4 78.8 j2 91.8 92.6 87.6 a2 91.6 91.4 85.4 c1 87.8 90.6 80.4 f2 89.6 84.4 87.8 k1 88.6 91.2 91.8 a3 87.2 89.2 82.0 c2 91.0 89.0 76.8 g1 90.6 82.6 91.0 k2 86.6 85.0 89.6 a4 80.2 76.6 85.8 d1 93.8 75.6 85.4 g2 91.2 78.4 93.8 k3 90.2 83.8 78.4 a5 90.8 86.4 86.6 d2 91.4 85.0 90.2 h1 90.4 82.4 91.4 l1 88.4 78.6 86.6 a6 91.4 84.6 86.8 e1 87.4 91.8 88.8 h2 91.6 79.0 84.4 l2 91.0 87.0 88.2 b1 88.8 81.2 74.4 e2 89.4 88.6 80.2 i1 88.6 88.0 82.6 m1 92.0 90.6 91.6 b2 86.4 76.2 76.2 e3 87.6 86.6 82.2 j1 91.0 90.4 78.4 3.3 Non-dimensional Index As the evaluation scores are expected to be as high as possible, the initial data is calculated by Eq. (16) and become non-dimensional.
Online since: May 2014
Authors: Feng Bin
The electrode as a reduction catalyst, usually plated with platinum in a transparent conductive film glass.
Reduction of the electrolyte is oxidized state, spread to the electrodes, and recombined with the external circuit flows, thus completing the cycle.
Preparation As the current most sophisticated techniques solar cells, While the technology is supported by the microelectronics industry , From 2012 data, the crystalline silicon cells occupy 90% of the global PV industry market share.
Reduction of the electrolyte is oxidized state, spread to the electrodes, and recombined with the external circuit flows, thus completing the cycle.
Preparation As the current most sophisticated techniques solar cells, While the technology is supported by the microelectronics industry , From 2012 data, the crystalline silicon cells occupy 90% of the global PV industry market share.
Online since: February 2019
Authors: E.A. Chernyshov, I.D. Romanov, A.D. Romanov
When replacing the steel armor of an armored hull with aluminum one, the reduction in the weight of an armored hull is achieved due to the higher hardness of aluminum plates and the withdrawal of some hard parts [3].
The further effective enhancement of protection with the mass conservation or reduction is associated with the increasing hardness of a barrier by creating aluminum + ceramics composites.
The results of such stand tests as well as the analysis of literature data have shown that the breaking of conventional aluminum alloys occurs without destroying the core [1, 2, 9 - 11].
The further effective enhancement of protection with the mass conservation or reduction is associated with the increasing hardness of a barrier by creating aluminum + ceramics composites.
The results of such stand tests as well as the analysis of literature data have shown that the breaking of conventional aluminum alloys occurs without destroying the core [1, 2, 9 - 11].
Online since: August 2014
Authors: Prashant P. Pandav, S.B. Lokhande, Shivprakash B. Barve
In1997 [1, 2] Kyoto protocol was approved by many nations called for the reduction in emission of green house gas including HFC refrigerants.
Reduction in pressure ratio leads increase in volumetric efficiency of compressor compared with 134a & R12.Eco friendly refrigerants have highest efficiency than other refrigerants.
Data logging system is also incorporated with the refrigeration system in order to store the pressure and temperature at various places.
Reduction in pressure ratio leads increase in volumetric efficiency of compressor compared with 134a & R12.Eco friendly refrigerants have highest efficiency than other refrigerants.
Data logging system is also incorporated with the refrigeration system in order to store the pressure and temperature at various places.
Online since: September 2013
Authors: Zhen Chao Zhou, Rui Chen
The adjustment of weight of fuzzy inference and defuzzification layers is based on gradient descent search, that is,
(4)
(5)
The input and output data collected on the spot aiming at neural network training sample adopt BP algorithm to train network.
Fig. 6 describes working conditions of acceleration load reduction of diesel engine.
Fig. 6 Working Conditions of Acceleration Load Reduction Fig. 7 Working Conditions of Deceleration On-Load In fact, the diesel engine is a complex and changing system.
Fig. 6 describes working conditions of acceleration load reduction of diesel engine.
Fig. 6 Working Conditions of Acceleration Load Reduction Fig. 7 Working Conditions of Deceleration On-Load In fact, the diesel engine is a complex and changing system.