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It was thought that a reduction of these problems could be achieved by improving the tool wear resistance such as using new tool materials, adapting tool geometries, and application of coating tool [4-6].
Acknowledgements This work was supported by “the National Natural Science Foundation of China (51075237)”, “the National Basic Research Program of China (2009CB724402)”, “the Taishan Scholar Program of Shandong Province”, “the Outstanding Young Scholar Science Foundation of Shandong (JQ200917)”, and “the National Natural Science Foundation of Shandong (ZR2010EZ002)”.
Ngoi: Journal of Materials Processing Technology Vol. 101 (2000), p. 287-291
Feng: Chinese Journal of Mechanical Engineering Vol. 38 (2002), p. 40-45
Shi, Solid lubricating materials (China Chemical Industry Press, China 2000)

He is also editor of Surface Coatings for Advanced Materials published by Tans Tech Publications, Uetikon-Zuerich.
Preface The use of laser science and technology in materials development has made significant progress thanks to the flexibility of beam/surface interaction with regard to wavelength, energy-density and interaction time; together with interaction environment.
In chapter three, intrinsic and extrinsic interaction mechanisms of laser radiation with materials are briefly described.
Some interesting effects which are observed while using ultra-short laser pulses to process dielectric materials are described.
In the eighth chapter, laser alloying and cladding are considered with regard to the synthesis of novel materials and surface treatments.

Materials and Test Method Materials.
It also can be used to compare and select materials and optimize mix proportions.
[2] Leung Christopher K.Y., Lee Augustus Y.F., Lai Raymond: Journal of Materials in Civil Engineering, Vol. 19 (2007)p.4-218 [3] Leung, Christopher K.Y., Asce, M. , Lee, Augustus Y.F.
,et al: Cement and Concrete Research, Vol.36 (2006)p. 740-748 [4]Cai Yuebo, Ding Jiantong, Chen Bo, et al: Journal of Southeast University ( Natural Science Edition ).
Vol. 40 (2010)p. 171-175 [5] Ding Jiantong, Chen Bo, Cai Yuebo, et al: Journal of Jiangsu University(Natural Science Edition), Vol. 32 (2011)p. 236-240

Mechanical parameters such as hardness and elastic modulus are useful to characterize the quality of materials.
When the feature size of the materials reaches the nano/submicron-scale, these conventional methods can not be suitable.
Li: International Journal of Molecular Sciences.
Pharr: Journal of Materials Research.
Shi: Journal of Materials Science.

A number of researchers have studied on the stress [2, 3], various materials [4, 5] and manifold shapes [6].
The model made by photoelastic materials can product birefringence phenomenon when it withstood loads at room temperature and the birefringence phenomenon will disappear when the loads lost.
A study on the contact stresses of square ring under uniform squeeze rate and internal pressure by photoelastic experimental hybrid method, Journal of Mechanical Science and Technology, Vol. 26 pp. 2617~2626, 2012
Experimental evaluation of stress field around the sharp notches using photoelasticity, Materials and Design, Vol. 32 pp.561~569, 2011
Experimental determination of stress field parameters in bi-material notches using photoelasticity, Materials and Design, Vol. 32 pp.4901~4908, 2011

Advanced Materials Research.
[4] Shu Fang, Bin Hu and Shengpeng Liu,The analysis on fire Smoke exhausting robot vibration based on wavelet transform,Advanced Materials Research.
Journal of Academy of Military Transportation, 2010 12(1)
Journal of Machine Dedign, 2008 25(2):65-67
Journal of Tongji University (Natural Science),2006 34(5):655-659.

Materials and Methods Plant materials and experimental design Three varieties (variety A, B, and C) of maize (Zea mays L.) were selected as the plant materials.
Thus, these materials are considered as the maize varieties gone through long-term heavy metal contamination.
The seeds of three varieties are supplied by Academy of Agricultural Sciences of Yunnan.
Beijing: China Agricultural Science and Technology Publishing House, 1999
Han, “Above- and belowground biomass allocation in Tibetan grasslands,” Journal of Vegetation Science, vol.20, 2009, pp. 177-184

, Materials and Manufacturing Processes 19(6) (2004) 979–993
Chunzheng, On adiabatic shear localized fracture during serrated chip evolution in high speed machining of hardened AISI 1045 steel, International Journal of Mechanical Sciences 75 (2013) 288–298
Bäker, Finite element simulation of high-speed cutting forces, Journal of Materials Processing Technology 176 (2006) 117-126
Jackson, A review of micro and nanomachining from a materials perspective, Journal of Materials Processing Technology 167 (2005) 316-337
Jaspers, J.H Dautzenberg, Material Behaviour in Conditions Similar to Metal Cutting: Flow Stress in the Primary Shear Zone, Journal of Material Processing Technology 122 (2002) 322-330

References [1] Davidovits Joseph, Geopolimer poly(sialat) / poly(sialat-siloxo) Mineral Matrices for Compoite Minerals, in ICCM VI & ECCM 2, Elsevier Applied Science, London, Vol.1, pp. 462-470, 1987
Aji, “Light Weight Geopolymer Paste made with Sidoarjo Mud (Lusi)”, Materials Science Forum, Vol. 803 (2015) pp 63-74
W., Produktivitas Material Beton Ringan Dalam Pemakaian Sebagai Konstruksi Dinding.
International Journal Of Molecular Sciences, Issue 1422-0067, 2012
International Journal of Engineering and Applied Sciences, vol. 3 no. 3(2305-8296), 2013.

Due to rapid growth in steel and iron manufacturing throughout the world, huge amount of waste materials is generated.
This study focused on the use of industrial waste materials such as steel slag to stabilize contamination soil.
Materials and Procedure Soil.
In another hand, in highway, and embankment constructions reduce the cost of projects and environment-friendly due to use disposal industrial waste materials.
Arbili, Statistical analysis of the performance of the soft computing based prediction model for shrinkage of concrete including mineral admixtures, ZANCO Journal of Pure and Applied Sciences, 28(2) 2016