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Online since: October 2013
Authors: Wan Jun Hou, Feng Ming Sun, Sheng Yan Zhang, Hui Xi
(1) Energy saving fan and water pump
According to the survey, construction of stroke pump power consumption (including central heating system pump consumption) accounted for operating power consumption urban construction in our country in 10%, which has the potential to reduce 60%-70% power consumption.
1) It uses frequency conversion technology to reduce the energy consumption of the fan and water pump.
Air conditioning chilled water supply and return water temperature difference is 5 ℃, while the air conditioning water supply and return water temperature difference is 10 ℃, when the load is the same, air conditioning and hot water circulation should be chilled water circulation of 50%.
Especially in cold areas, heat load is less than the cold load; general hot water circulating pump flow of cold water circulation pump can meet the requirements of 1/3.
Professional data display, energy-saving lamps than incandescent energy saving 80%, incandescent lamp life is 5 times, light efficiency is 3.5 times of incandescent lamp.
Optimal design and operation of a thermal storage system for a chilled water plant serving pharmaceutical buildings [J].
Air conditioning chilled water supply and return water temperature difference is 5 ℃, while the air conditioning water supply and return water temperature difference is 10 ℃, when the load is the same, air conditioning and hot water circulation should be chilled water circulation of 50%.
Especially in cold areas, heat load is less than the cold load; general hot water circulating pump flow of cold water circulation pump can meet the requirements of 1/3.
Professional data display, energy-saving lamps than incandescent energy saving 80%, incandescent lamp life is 5 times, light efficiency is 3.5 times of incandescent lamp.
Optimal design and operation of a thermal storage system for a chilled water plant serving pharmaceutical buildings [J].
Online since: February 2011
Authors: Li Li, Guo Dong Gao, Guang Yu Mu, Wen Xiao Zhang
Fig. 1 shows that the ratio of ingredients, water added, twin-screw extruder feed rate, screw speed and barrel temperature are the influence factors of the expansion ratio.
Analysis of Water Added. 30-groups data are collected in order to carry out correlation and regression analysis.
The result of analysis suggests that the effect of water added on the expansion rate is highly significant.
There is a linear relation between water added and expansion rate.
According to the result of analyze stage, water added (X1), screw speed (X2), barrel temperature (X3) and outlet temperature (X6) are the main factors.
Analysis of Water Added. 30-groups data are collected in order to carry out correlation and regression analysis.
The result of analysis suggests that the effect of water added on the expansion rate is highly significant.
There is a linear relation between water added and expansion rate.
According to the result of analyze stage, water added (X1), screw speed (X2), barrel temperature (X3) and outlet temperature (X6) are the main factors.
Online since: July 2021
Authors: Andriy Melnychenko, Dmytro Taraduda, Alla Korogodska, Maksym Kustov
Modified stepwise model of gas sorption process with finely dispersed water flow.
Phosgene is referred to as "Carbonyl dichloride" in the professional literature.
Molecular Dynamics Studies on the Condensation Coefficient of Water.
Mass and Thermal Accommodation during Gas-Liquid Condensation of Water.
Molecular Dynamics Simulations of Water Transport through Butanol Films.
Phosgene is referred to as "Carbonyl dichloride" in the professional literature.
Molecular Dynamics Studies on the Condensation Coefficient of Water.
Mass and Thermal Accommodation during Gas-Liquid Condensation of Water.
Molecular Dynamics Simulations of Water Transport through Butanol Films.
Online since: December 2009
Authors: Norhamidi Muhamad, Hooman Abolhasani
Therefore, starch can be theoretically used as filler in water-soluble binders which can be extracted
using hot water in debinding section.
Tapioca starch granules swell in water at 76°C and create a transparent gel [4].
The excess water content in thermoplastic starch evaporates due to the working point temperature [7].
Material Weight [g] wt.% Starch 164.8 41.2 Water* 271.8 - Glycerol 93.6 23.4 LLDPE 114 28.5 Citric Acid 7.6 1.9 Stearic Acid 20 5 *: Water content in thermoplastic starch evaporates due to the working point temperature.
Dziedzic: Handbook of starch hydrolysis products and their derivatives. 1st ed., London: Blackie Academic & Professional (1995)
Tapioca starch granules swell in water at 76°C and create a transparent gel [4].
The excess water content in thermoplastic starch evaporates due to the working point temperature [7].
Material Weight [g] wt.% Starch 164.8 41.2 Water* 271.8 - Glycerol 93.6 23.4 LLDPE 114 28.5 Citric Acid 7.6 1.9 Stearic Acid 20 5 *: Water content in thermoplastic starch evaporates due to the working point temperature.
Dziedzic: Handbook of starch hydrolysis products and their derivatives. 1st ed., London: Blackie Academic & Professional (1995)
Online since: June 2012
Authors: Tong Chun Li, Quang Hung Nguyen, Hoang Hung Vu
As an illustration, according to the Chinese Water Resources Professional Standard SL 282-2003 [2], physical model is only used as a recommendation for first-grade and second-grade structures or structures that are especial in the construction process so as to verify the numerical model, while the FEM is used for stress analysis of arch dams.
The Vietnamese Water Resources Professional Standard 14TCN 56-88 [5] has specified that for arch dams with a height greater than 60m or below but relatively under complex conditions of structure or foundation, stress analyses must be performed based on both numerical and physical testing models, additionally designers are optional to select an analysis method to the numerical model.
[5] Ministry of Water Resources of the S.
F, A Summary of the International Academic for Arch Dams, Water Power, 2(1988), 49-52
H, Computational Rock Mechanics and Engineering, Beiking: China Water Power Press, 2006
The Vietnamese Water Resources Professional Standard 14TCN 56-88 [5] has specified that for arch dams with a height greater than 60m or below but relatively under complex conditions of structure or foundation, stress analyses must be performed based on both numerical and physical testing models, additionally designers are optional to select an analysis method to the numerical model.
[5] Ministry of Water Resources of the S.
F, A Summary of the International Academic for Arch Dams, Water Power, 2(1988), 49-52
H, Computational Rock Mechanics and Engineering, Beiking: China Water Power Press, 2006
Online since: January 2014
Authors: Bin Fan, Xue Yi Zhao
Synthetically considering a stock of factors, including environment, energy, water, air quality indoors, materials and building yard, which have a significant impact on the whole environmental performances of constructions.
Picture 4 Chinese Green building design label Evaluation methods Evaluation system of green building in China covers six indicators in Fig 1 and Fig 2: earth conservation and outdoor environment, energy conservation and utilization, water conservation and utilization, wood conservation and material energy conservation, quality of indoor environment and operation management.
Fig.1 Residential green building rating requirements Grade Ordinary items(Total 40) Preferences Land conservation and outdoor environments (Total 8) Energy conservation and energy use (Total 6) Water conservation and water use (Total 6) Materials conservation and material resource use (Total7) Indoor environmental quality (Total 6) Operations management (Total 7) ☆ 4 2 3 3 2 4 — ☆☆ 5 3 4 4 3 5 3 ☆☆☆ 6 4 5 5 4 6 5 Grade Ordinary items(Total 43) Preferences Land conservation and outdoor environments (Total 6) Energy conservation and energy use (Total 10) Water conservation and water use (Total 6) Materials conservation and material resource use (Total 8) Indoor environmental quality (Total 6) Operations management (Total 7) ☆ 3 4 3 5 3 4 — ☆☆ 4 6 4 6 4 5 6 ☆☆☆ 5 8 5 7 5 6 10 Fig.2 Public green building rating requirements Comparing to evaluation systems of green building abroad Contrasting with the BREEAM of Britain All our six indexes
Chinese Evaluation Standard of Green Building Land conservation and outdoor environments Energy conservation and energy use Water conservation and water use Materials conservation and material resource use Indoor environmental quality Operations management BREEAM Land Use Energy Water Materials Health and comfort Management Traffic Pollution Ecological value Fig.3 Comparison between Chinese Evaluation Standard of Green Building and BREEAM The advantages of BREEAM are: firstly, indexes of system is clear and considerate which can be better accepted and operated by the public; secondly, this system is open and transparent that the public can be directly involved in supervision; thirdly, with flexible adaptability, evaluation items can be adjusted and improved properly on the basis of different time, different areas and make better amelioration with the time. fourthly, its an application to life cycle, in which various environmental performances will be all ranged; fifthly, the
Chinese Evaluation Standard of Green Building Land conservation and outdoor environments Energy conservation and energy use Water conservation and water use Materials conservation and material resource use Indoor environmental quality Operations management BREEAM Sustainable development and site selection Energy and Atmosphere Efficient use of water resources Materials and Resources Indoor Environmental Quality Innovation and Design Fig.4 Comparison between Chinese Evaluation Standard of Green Building and LEED To LEED, the vertical and horizontal extension and coverage and the combination of evaluating and guiding function, makes it form a complete chain in evaluation standard and have a promising market further.What's more, it's clear in system structure, professional standard in content, easily accepted and understood in methods, and simply operating in process.
Picture 4 Chinese Green building design label Evaluation methods Evaluation system of green building in China covers six indicators in Fig 1 and Fig 2: earth conservation and outdoor environment, energy conservation and utilization, water conservation and utilization, wood conservation and material energy conservation, quality of indoor environment and operation management.
Fig.1 Residential green building rating requirements Grade Ordinary items(Total 40) Preferences Land conservation and outdoor environments (Total 8) Energy conservation and energy use (Total 6) Water conservation and water use (Total 6) Materials conservation and material resource use (Total7) Indoor environmental quality (Total 6) Operations management (Total 7) ☆ 4 2 3 3 2 4 — ☆☆ 5 3 4 4 3 5 3 ☆☆☆ 6 4 5 5 4 6 5 Grade Ordinary items(Total 43) Preferences Land conservation and outdoor environments (Total 6) Energy conservation and energy use (Total 10) Water conservation and water use (Total 6) Materials conservation and material resource use (Total 8) Indoor environmental quality (Total 6) Operations management (Total 7) ☆ 3 4 3 5 3 4 — ☆☆ 4 6 4 6 4 5 6 ☆☆☆ 5 8 5 7 5 6 10 Fig.2 Public green building rating requirements Comparing to evaluation systems of green building abroad Contrasting with the BREEAM of Britain All our six indexes
Chinese Evaluation Standard of Green Building Land conservation and outdoor environments Energy conservation and energy use Water conservation and water use Materials conservation and material resource use Indoor environmental quality Operations management BREEAM Land Use Energy Water Materials Health and comfort Management Traffic Pollution Ecological value Fig.3 Comparison between Chinese Evaluation Standard of Green Building and BREEAM The advantages of BREEAM are: firstly, indexes of system is clear and considerate which can be better accepted and operated by the public; secondly, this system is open and transparent that the public can be directly involved in supervision; thirdly, with flexible adaptability, evaluation items can be adjusted and improved properly on the basis of different time, different areas and make better amelioration with the time. fourthly, its an application to life cycle, in which various environmental performances will be all ranged; fifthly, the
Chinese Evaluation Standard of Green Building Land conservation and outdoor environments Energy conservation and energy use Water conservation and water use Materials conservation and material resource use Indoor environmental quality Operations management BREEAM Sustainable development and site selection Energy and Atmosphere Efficient use of water resources Materials and Resources Indoor Environmental Quality Innovation and Design Fig.4 Comparison between Chinese Evaluation Standard of Green Building and LEED To LEED, the vertical and horizontal extension and coverage and the combination of evaluating and guiding function, makes it form a complete chain in evaluation standard and have a promising market further.What's more, it's clear in system structure, professional standard in content, easily accepted and understood in methods, and simply operating in process.
Online since: February 2013
Authors: Ting Yan Bi
In biological energy, water power, wind power and solar energy and some like, we need to establish and perfect the relevant measures, and further make the development of renewable energy industry clear in the position of the national strategies.
And renewable energy includes biomass energy, water power, wind, solar, etc.
With policy of industry of water and electricity, China enacted renewable energy law which made specific provision for the important problems of supportability acquisition, financial support and other renewable energy in December 2009.
Fig. 1 China's wind energy utilization(1986-2008) Additional Accumulative For the policy of industry of water and wind, China's wind energy resources are rich and it has gained 100% growth for five years, it is shown in fig. 1.
The solar water heater is one of the China's renewable energy developments, and accounts for more than 605 of the world usage, as shown in fig. 2.
And renewable energy includes biomass energy, water power, wind, solar, etc.
With policy of industry of water and electricity, China enacted renewable energy law which made specific provision for the important problems of supportability acquisition, financial support and other renewable energy in December 2009.
Fig. 1 China's wind energy utilization(1986-2008) Additional Accumulative For the policy of industry of water and wind, China's wind energy resources are rich and it has gained 100% growth for five years, it is shown in fig. 1.
The solar water heater is one of the China's renewable energy developments, and accounts for more than 605 of the world usage, as shown in fig. 2.
Online since: January 2014
Authors: Hui Li, Li Yong Fang, Xu Dong Yin, Hai Huang Zhang
In China, Chengdou Engineering Corporation of HYDROCHINA and Investigation and Design Institute of Water Resoures and HYDROPOWER of JINING PROVINCE are pioneers in utilizing CATIA for design and production in hydropower projects.
After several years of application, many achievements have been made in 3D visualization, rapid prototyping, professional knowledge reuse, and collective design.
References [1] V Alicescu and T R Jean-Pierre, Situated in the North of Quebec, Canada, 2011,p.208 [2] H Chaoming, Q Xiangdong and L Bailin, Water Power,Vol.32(2006),No.3, p.24[in Chinese] [3] Z Sherong, G Yan and Z Zongliang, Journal of Hydroelectric Engineering,Vol.27(2008),No.3, p.65[in Chinese] [4] H Zhipeng, X Lijun and P Yanfan, Design of Hydroelectric PowerStation,Vol.26(2010),No.3, p.33 [in Chinese] [5] L Chao, F Juping and D Zhan, et al, Design of Hydroelectric Power Station,Vol.27(2011), No.1,p.1[in Chinese] [6] H Zhipeng, Y Jing and Z Yonggang et al, Design of Hydroelectric Power Station, Vol.27(2011),No.4, p.9[in Chinese] [7] F Ying, Jilin Water Resources.Vol.330(2009), No.11, p.41[in Chinese] [8] Christoph M.
After several years of application, many achievements have been made in 3D visualization, rapid prototyping, professional knowledge reuse, and collective design.
References [1] V Alicescu and T R Jean-Pierre, Situated in the North of Quebec, Canada, 2011,p.208 [2] H Chaoming, Q Xiangdong and L Bailin, Water Power,Vol.32(2006),No.3, p.24[in Chinese] [3] Z Sherong, G Yan and Z Zongliang, Journal of Hydroelectric Engineering,Vol.27(2008),No.3, p.65[in Chinese] [4] H Zhipeng, X Lijun and P Yanfan, Design of Hydroelectric PowerStation,Vol.26(2010),No.3, p.33 [in Chinese] [5] L Chao, F Juping and D Zhan, et al, Design of Hydroelectric Power Station,Vol.27(2011), No.1,p.1[in Chinese] [6] H Zhipeng, Y Jing and Z Yonggang et al, Design of Hydroelectric Power Station, Vol.27(2011),No.4, p.9[in Chinese] [7] F Ying, Jilin Water Resources.Vol.330(2009), No.11, p.41[in Chinese] [8] Christoph M.
Online since: September 2013
Authors: Dominik Gazdič
Main slag components are:
§ gehlenite - 2CaO.Al2O3.SiO2
§ akermanite - 2CaO.MgO.2SiO2
§ melilite - solidified gehlenite and akermanite solution
§ merwinite - 3CaO.MgO.2SiO2
§ belite - β - 2CaO.SiO2
§ wollastonite - β - CaO.SiO2
By its properties the granulated blast furnace slag is classified among so called latently hydraulic materials, i.e. materials that after adding of water do not mature or solidify.
During their hardening compounds similar to compounds formed at slag-Portland hardening are formed. [1] They are characterised with small development of hydration heat and significant resistance to aggressive waters.
· normal consistency; performed by Vicat method · compressive strength and tensile strength at bend; they were set with hydrated pastes with water - binder ratio corresponding to a normal consistency mash.
At theoretical study of professional literature (3) they obtained compressive strengths and ability to resist aggressive environment effects were emphasised, however also the questions of slag binding capacity loss and disintegration were mentioned in dependence on amount and type of used exciters and contained impurities which are perceptible only after a longer period of hydration.
During their hardening compounds similar to compounds formed at slag-Portland hardening are formed. [1] They are characterised with small development of hydration heat and significant resistance to aggressive waters.
· normal consistency; performed by Vicat method · compressive strength and tensile strength at bend; they were set with hydrated pastes with water - binder ratio corresponding to a normal consistency mash.
At theoretical study of professional literature (3) they obtained compressive strengths and ability to resist aggressive environment effects were emphasised, however also the questions of slag binding capacity loss and disintegration were mentioned in dependence on amount and type of used exciters and contained impurities which are perceptible only after a longer period of hydration.
Online since: October 2011
Authors: Zhong Hua Zhang, Pei Zhang
The community establishes the unit solely responsible for promoting sustainable development, and invites professional consultants in respect of sustainable development to undertake the action and coordination in relation to sustainable development.
Water environment.
Formulating laws and regulations to protect the clean water environment and its recycling; adopting water-saving technology; improving the community’s standard-reaching rate of sewage discharge; attaching importance to the creation of waterfront and other water-enjoyable-space environment.
In the housing construction, it takes the demand features of human beings and local characteristics into full account and builds high quality apartments; It pay much attention to the efficiency of the water resource utilization.The exclusive rainwater collection and purification system is set up in the community to recycle and make use of the rainwater.
The discharged sewage is also processed to use the recycled water as much as possible; Recycled utilization of renewable materials.
Water environment.
Formulating laws and regulations to protect the clean water environment and its recycling; adopting water-saving technology; improving the community’s standard-reaching rate of sewage discharge; attaching importance to the creation of waterfront and other water-enjoyable-space environment.
In the housing construction, it takes the demand features of human beings and local characteristics into full account and builds high quality apartments; It pay much attention to the efficiency of the water resource utilization.The exclusive rainwater collection and purification system is set up in the community to recycle and make use of the rainwater.
The discharged sewage is also processed to use the recycled water as much as possible; Recycled utilization of renewable materials.