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Online since: August 2013
Authors: Da Zhen Xu, Gu Hua Li, Chun Hui Yu, Jin Liang Gao, Qun Wei
Compared with natural sand, manufactured-sand is of small porosity, poor grain shape and graded, which impacts mixes workability and the properties after hardening.
Performance density is 2.68kg/m3, bulk density is 1.45 kg/m3,the fineness modular is 2.6,methylene blue number MB =1.0,and crusher dust content is12.7%.The performance of sand conforms to the requirements of GB/T 14684-2011.Grading curve is in Fig. 1.
Experiments and results analysis Affect Low water cement ratio has on the workability of manufactured-sand Concrete Number water-cement ratio w/kg Sand ratio SP/kg Cb C S G Stone Powder A1 0.6 170 45% 0.7% 283.33 170.00 849.53 1038.31 2.38 A2 0.55 165 44% 0.9% 300 180.00 829.08 1055.19 0 A3 0.50 160 43% 1.0% 320 192.00 807.22 1070.04 0 A4 0.47 157 42% 1.2% 334.04 200.43 785.82 1085.19 0 A5 0.44 153 41% 1.3% 347.72 208.64 765.81 1102.01 0 A6 0.42 150 40% 1.4% 357.14 214.29 746.53 1119.80 0 A7 0.4 147 39% 1.6% 367.5 220.50 726.91 1136.96 0 To determine the water-cement ratio and water consumption, water using as little as possible, to ensure lower dosage of Cementitious materials.
Table 4 Workability of mixture of manufactured-sand concrete Number water- cement ratio 1m3 Powder volume slump loss /mm slump flow /mm Description A1 0.6 170.00 215 500 overall slump , minor bleeding, cohesiveness better A2 0.55 172.65 225 500 overall slump , minor bleeding, cohesiveness better A3 0.50 178.57 220 520 overall slump , minor bleeding, cohesiveness better r A4 0.47 182.29 200 470 overall slump , minor bleeding, cohesiveness better A5 0.44 185.98 230 580 overall slump , minor bleeding, cohesiveness better A6 0.42 188.12 210 515 overall slump , minor bleeding, cohesiveness better A7 0.4 190.58 210 520 overall slump , minor bleeding, cohesiveness better As is shown in Table 4, based on meeting the specified minimum cementitious materials in the mix proportion design specifications, the amount of cement droped greatly.
Affect Low water cement ratio has on Compressive strength of manufactured-sand Concrete number 7d 28d 56d A1 18.40 27.76 33.79 A2 21.03 30.04 39.97 A3 23.79 35.00 42.84 A4 26.36 32.42 45.95 A5 30.46 32.42 55.99 A6 30.89 43.74 52.47 A7 32.21 46.22 55.67 Table 5 Compressive strength of concrete(Mpa) Fig.2 Compressive strength of Concrete(Mpa) In Table4 and Fig 2, in mix proportion shown in Table3, the amount of cementitious materials is low,and 56 days of the strength of test block of mixture reached between 33.79Mpa and 67.61 Mpa.Equivalent of C30 to C60 concrete.
Performance density is 2.68kg/m3, bulk density is 1.45 kg/m3,the fineness modular is 2.6,methylene blue number MB =1.0,and crusher dust content is12.7%.The performance of sand conforms to the requirements of GB/T 14684-2011.Grading curve is in Fig. 1.
Experiments and results analysis Affect Low water cement ratio has on the workability of manufactured-sand Concrete Number water-cement ratio w/kg Sand ratio SP/kg Cb C S G Stone Powder A1 0.6 170 45% 0.7% 283.33 170.00 849.53 1038.31 2.38 A2 0.55 165 44% 0.9% 300 180.00 829.08 1055.19 0 A3 0.50 160 43% 1.0% 320 192.00 807.22 1070.04 0 A4 0.47 157 42% 1.2% 334.04 200.43 785.82 1085.19 0 A5 0.44 153 41% 1.3% 347.72 208.64 765.81 1102.01 0 A6 0.42 150 40% 1.4% 357.14 214.29 746.53 1119.80 0 A7 0.4 147 39% 1.6% 367.5 220.50 726.91 1136.96 0 To determine the water-cement ratio and water consumption, water using as little as possible, to ensure lower dosage of Cementitious materials.
Table 4 Workability of mixture of manufactured-sand concrete Number water- cement ratio 1m3 Powder volume slump loss /mm slump flow /mm Description A1 0.6 170.00 215 500 overall slump , minor bleeding, cohesiveness better A2 0.55 172.65 225 500 overall slump , minor bleeding, cohesiveness better A3 0.50 178.57 220 520 overall slump , minor bleeding, cohesiveness better r A4 0.47 182.29 200 470 overall slump , minor bleeding, cohesiveness better A5 0.44 185.98 230 580 overall slump , minor bleeding, cohesiveness better A6 0.42 188.12 210 515 overall slump , minor bleeding, cohesiveness better A7 0.4 190.58 210 520 overall slump , minor bleeding, cohesiveness better As is shown in Table 4, based on meeting the specified minimum cementitious materials in the mix proportion design specifications, the amount of cement droped greatly.
Affect Low water cement ratio has on Compressive strength of manufactured-sand Concrete number 7d 28d 56d A1 18.40 27.76 33.79 A2 21.03 30.04 39.97 A3 23.79 35.00 42.84 A4 26.36 32.42 45.95 A5 30.46 32.42 55.99 A6 30.89 43.74 52.47 A7 32.21 46.22 55.67 Table 5 Compressive strength of concrete(Mpa) Fig.2 Compressive strength of Concrete(Mpa) In Table4 and Fig 2, in mix proportion shown in Table3, the amount of cementitious materials is low,and 56 days of the strength of test block of mixture reached between 33.79Mpa and 67.61 Mpa.Equivalent of C30 to C60 concrete.
Online since: December 2014
Authors: Ilya Latushkin, Maksim S. Tepterev, Evgeniy V. Aryshenskii
However, their drawing is a complex technological process which needs a number of requirements to be met for its successful performance.
This results in not only an increase in the large solid particles number but also in an increase in the number of smaller amounts of dispersoids thereby increasing the anisotropy of the strip.
However, in this case it is necessary to have a dependency relationship which describes the correlation between the number of emerging random oriented component and a temperature of recrystallization.
A change in the volume fraction of texture components depending on the Fe content As it can be seen from the data presented above, with an increase in the Fe content there is a predictable growth in the number of textureless components.
Nes Mater, Nucleation of Recrystallized Grains from Cube Bands in Hot Deformed Commercial Purity Aluminium.
This results in not only an increase in the large solid particles number but also in an increase in the number of smaller amounts of dispersoids thereby increasing the anisotropy of the strip.
However, in this case it is necessary to have a dependency relationship which describes the correlation between the number of emerging random oriented component and a temperature of recrystallization.
A change in the volume fraction of texture components depending on the Fe content As it can be seen from the data presented above, with an increase in the Fe content there is a predictable growth in the number of textureless components.
Nes Mater, Nucleation of Recrystallized Grains from Cube Bands in Hot Deformed Commercial Purity Aluminium.
Online since: August 2013
Authors: Shu Guang Gong, Hai Shan Lu, You Xiang Li
Introduction
Screw conveyor is mainly used to transport large bulk cargo material, such as coal, mineral, grain, sand and etc [1].
Thus, the parameters expected to design mainly includes outer diameter of spiral, helix angle, screw pitch, number of thread and rotational speed. 1.
Number of thread In order to ensure the continuity of discharging, and when the screw axis outer diameter and pitch is bigger, the number of thread should choose multi-head spiral.
If the number of overlapping particles is , the impact force between particles can be determined by normal relative velocity and tangential relative velocity based on the law of contact force.
Where the distribution range of particles is , the number of particles is 20000.
Thus, the parameters expected to design mainly includes outer diameter of spiral, helix angle, screw pitch, number of thread and rotational speed. 1.
Number of thread In order to ensure the continuity of discharging, and when the screw axis outer diameter and pitch is bigger, the number of thread should choose multi-head spiral.
If the number of overlapping particles is , the impact force between particles can be determined by normal relative velocity and tangential relative velocity based on the law of contact force.
Where the distribution range of particles is , the number of particles is 20000.
Online since: September 2006
Authors: Ki Tae Kim, Jeong Min Kim, Woon Jae Jung, Joong Hwan Jun, Young-Kook Lee
The amount and number density of ε martensite are increased with
an increase in Co content, resulting in the improvement of damping capacity.
The grain size of γ austenite in each alloy was adjusted to 120µm by changing the solution treatment time, to exclude its effects on martensitic transformation behavior and resulting microstructure.
Fig. 4 shows the variation in relative numbers of ε martensite plates in unit area with ε martensite content, where the number of ε martensite plates for the Fe-23%Mn-2%Si alloy air-cooled at 298K, was regarded as a standard value.
Change in relative number of ε martensite plates with ε martensite content for experimental alloys.
The addition of Si is detrimental to the amount and number density of ε martensite, resulting in the decay of damping capacity.
The grain size of γ austenite in each alloy was adjusted to 120µm by changing the solution treatment time, to exclude its effects on martensitic transformation behavior and resulting microstructure.
Fig. 4 shows the variation in relative numbers of ε martensite plates in unit area with ε martensite content, where the number of ε martensite plates for the Fe-23%Mn-2%Si alloy air-cooled at 298K, was regarded as a standard value.
Change in relative number of ε martensite plates with ε martensite content for experimental alloys.
The addition of Si is detrimental to the amount and number density of ε martensite, resulting in the decay of damping capacity.
Online since: January 2015
Authors: Arman Turkebayev, Yuri Barabanshchikov, Azamat Dalabayev, Daniyar Tleukhanov
In practice for making of the dispersible reinforced constructions use an ordinary heavy concrete with a limit size of grains of large filler, cement-sand grout, and similarly cement or gipseous stone.
At high content of fibers bunches are aggregated in large agglomerates, free of grains of fillers and separating from a main mass.
So amount of fiber entered into concrete mix is limited by the size of grain of the large filler. 2.
The increase in length of fibers at the same volumetric dosage leads to decrease of number of fibers by un/it volume.
Introduction of a fiber in number of 3.3 % on volume basis reduces a compressive strength almost twice. 2.
At high content of fibers bunches are aggregated in large agglomerates, free of grains of fillers and separating from a main mass.
So amount of fiber entered into concrete mix is limited by the size of grain of the large filler. 2.
The increase in length of fibers at the same volumetric dosage leads to decrease of number of fibers by un/it volume.
Introduction of a fiber in number of 3.3 % on volume basis reduces a compressive strength almost twice. 2.
Online since: July 2022
Authors: S.S. Gladkin, V.T. Erofeev, T.P. Tyuryakhina, Aleksander Tingaev
A statistical description of the solid’s state has often applies to "representative volumes" (unit cells) – a minimum volume of material containing a sufficient number of carriers of the process mechanisms.
The diametric section of a 3-phase model of a spherical cell, the components of which are materials: 1- resin, 2 – fine-grained aggregate (sand) and 3 – coarse-grained inclusion (gravel, crushed stone).
Selection of the 3-Phase Composite Subset The second subject of this study is the method of analyzing a huge number of «V – R forks» that come about from calculating effective modules using formulas (5a) and (6a).
We shall underline that each time we replace the values of the parameters k2 and m, we get a different subset of the «V – R forks» and the number of such ordered subsets is infinite.
Effective modules of two-phase construction composites with grain filler.
The diametric section of a 3-phase model of a spherical cell, the components of which are materials: 1- resin, 2 – fine-grained aggregate (sand) and 3 – coarse-grained inclusion (gravel, crushed stone).
Selection of the 3-Phase Composite Subset The second subject of this study is the method of analyzing a huge number of «V – R forks» that come about from calculating effective modules using formulas (5a) and (6a).
We shall underline that each time we replace the values of the parameters k2 and m, we get a different subset of the «V – R forks» and the number of such ordered subsets is infinite.
Effective modules of two-phase construction composites with grain filler.
Online since: September 2013
Authors: Zhi Gang Liu, He Pan, Tai Hao Li
Number of neurons is the dimension of study sample vector, namely 6
Number of neurons equals the number of input layer learning samples.
Number of neurons is the dimension of output vector in the learning sample.
According to the fitness function to calculate the fitness value, the speed of the grain is, individual extremum is, population global extremum.
Fig.2 Predicted results compared with the measured results Acknowledgement The research was supported by the Key Subject of the Twelfth-five Scientific Research in the Education Department of Jilin Province with the project number 201356 and the project name Research on Data Management Technology of Large-scale Sensor Network in Agriculture.The work was also Supported by the Opening Project of Key Laboratory of Mine Informatization, Henan Polytechnic University.The project name is Research on Real-time Monitoring Displacement System of Mine Dangerous Area Based on LabVIEW with the project number KY2012-01.
Number of neurons equals the number of input layer learning samples.
Number of neurons is the dimension of output vector in the learning sample.
According to the fitness function to calculate the fitness value, the speed of the grain is, individual extremum is, population global extremum.
Fig.2 Predicted results compared with the measured results Acknowledgement The research was supported by the Key Subject of the Twelfth-five Scientific Research in the Education Department of Jilin Province with the project number 201356 and the project name Research on Data Management Technology of Large-scale Sensor Network in Agriculture.The work was also Supported by the Opening Project of Key Laboratory of Mine Informatization, Henan Polytechnic University.The project name is Research on Real-time Monitoring Displacement System of Mine Dangerous Area Based on LabVIEW with the project number KY2012-01.
Online since: November 2007
Authors: W. Han, Ming Xia Lu, H. Wang, G. Liu
The toxic effects of heavy metals on the biosphere have been demonstrated by a number of
studies.
The average grain sizes (D) were calculated from the diffraction peak using the Scherrer formula: θβ λ cos 89.0 =D where λ is the X-ray wavelength employed, θ is the diffraction angle of the peak, and β is defined as the half-width after correction of the instrumental broadening.
The average grain sizes (D) were calculated from the diffraction peak using the Scherrer formula: θβ λ cos 89.0 =D where λ is the X-ray wavelength employed, θ is the diffraction angle of the peak, and β is defined as the half-width after correction of the instrumental broadening.
Online since: October 2009
Authors: Tomiko Yamaguchi, Kazumasa Nishio, K. Nakano, T. Anzai
The number of revolution of the V mill is 40 rpm.
In the microscopic observation, intermetallic compounds or deposits on the grain boundary are not observed, but some voids in the case that the density of the green compacts is less than 55%.
Fig.9 SEM images, characteristics X-ray images and ratio of each mixed layer for FGPJ Mixing ratio (Cu/SUS304 mass %) 80 / 20 60 / 40 40 / 60 20 / 80 SEM Image Characteristic X-ray image Cu-Kαααα Characteristic X-ray image Fe- Kαααα Area ratio (Cu/SUS304 %) 81.3 / 18.7 56.3 / 43.7 44.7 / 55.3 16.0 / 84.0 Austenitic Stainless Steel Side Austenitic Stainless Steel Side Austenitic Stainless Steel Side Austenitic Stainless Steel Side Copper Side Copper Side Copper Side Copper Side Fig.8 External appearance of FGPJ (In case of HIP treatment) 0 20 40 60 80 100 120 140 160 180 100/0 80/20 60/40 40/60 20/80 0/100 Mixing ratio (Cu/SUS304) Liner law of mixture rule : Mean value & range Vickers hardness number ( Hv ,0.5) Mixing ratio (Cu/SUS304), (%) Vickers hardness number, (Hv,0.5) Fig.10 Relation between mixing ratio of Cu / SUS304 and Vickers hardness number
In the microscopic observation, intermetallic compounds or deposits on the grain boundary are not observed
In the microscopic observation, intermetallic compounds or deposits on the grain boundary are not observed, but some voids in the case that the density of the green compacts is less than 55%.
Fig.9 SEM images, characteristics X-ray images and ratio of each mixed layer for FGPJ Mixing ratio (Cu/SUS304 mass %) 80 / 20 60 / 40 40 / 60 20 / 80 SEM Image Characteristic X-ray image Cu-Kαααα Characteristic X-ray image Fe- Kαααα Area ratio (Cu/SUS304 %) 81.3 / 18.7 56.3 / 43.7 44.7 / 55.3 16.0 / 84.0 Austenitic Stainless Steel Side Austenitic Stainless Steel Side Austenitic Stainless Steel Side Austenitic Stainless Steel Side Copper Side Copper Side Copper Side Copper Side Fig.8 External appearance of FGPJ (In case of HIP treatment) 0 20 40 60 80 100 120 140 160 180 100/0 80/20 60/40 40/60 20/80 0/100 Mixing ratio (Cu/SUS304) Liner law of mixture rule : Mean value & range Vickers hardness number ( Hv ,0.5) Mixing ratio (Cu/SUS304), (%) Vickers hardness number, (Hv,0.5) Fig.10 Relation between mixing ratio of Cu / SUS304 and Vickers hardness number
In the microscopic observation, intermetallic compounds or deposits on the grain boundary are not observed
Online since: October 2010
Authors: Marcin Chmielewski, Dariusz Kalinski, Katarzyna Jach, Katarzyna Pietrzak
The mechanical strength of the shaped blank-product, but also indirectly of the final product (after sintering), depends on the interaction between two polymers and the polymer and the powder grains.
Experimental Slurry preparation The solid phase used for the preparation of the slurry was α-Al2O3 (denoted as A16SG, delivered by Almatis) with the parameters: average grain size – about 0.5µm, specific surface area (measured by BET) – 8.9m2/g, and the density (measured by the pycnometric method) – 3.89g/cm3.
In the present experiments, we used structural foams delivered by the Kureta Co (Germany) in which the number of open pores per inch was 10, 20 and 30 (ppi10, ppi20, ppi30).
The foams differed in the number of pores per inch.
Since the amount of the slurry deposited on the substrate depends on the number of substrate openings, the density of the material deposited on the pppi30 foam is higher than that with the other foams and, thus, the open porosity of the material is higher.
Experimental Slurry preparation The solid phase used for the preparation of the slurry was α-Al2O3 (denoted as A16SG, delivered by Almatis) with the parameters: average grain size – about 0.5µm, specific surface area (measured by BET) – 8.9m2/g, and the density (measured by the pycnometric method) – 3.89g/cm3.
In the present experiments, we used structural foams delivered by the Kureta Co (Germany) in which the number of open pores per inch was 10, 20 and 30 (ppi10, ppi20, ppi30).
The foams differed in the number of pores per inch.
Since the amount of the slurry deposited on the substrate depends on the number of substrate openings, the density of the material deposited on the pppi30 foam is higher than that with the other foams and, thus, the open porosity of the material is higher.