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Online since: April 2014
Authors: Takashi Kato
We define the psaturated value denoting the ratio of the number of carbon atoms with saturated sp3 hybrid orbitals to that of the total carbon atoms located in the area directly related to the superconductivity.
The psaturated value increases with an increase in the number of these additional materials combined with carbon framework.
Therefore, the HOMO-LUMO gap value increases with an increase in the number of these additional materials combined with carbon framework.
However, we can at least say that the psaturated value increases with an increase in the number of these additional materials (whatever they are) combined with carbon framework.
For example, the virgin diamond treated by water or exposed to the hydrogen plasma in a macroscopic sized grain, in which the valence bands are completely occupied by electrons, have a possibility to exhibit high-temperature superconductivity.
The psaturated value increases with an increase in the number of these additional materials combined with carbon framework.
Therefore, the HOMO-LUMO gap value increases with an increase in the number of these additional materials combined with carbon framework.
However, we can at least say that the psaturated value increases with an increase in the number of these additional materials (whatever they are) combined with carbon framework.
For example, the virgin diamond treated by water or exposed to the hydrogen plasma in a macroscopic sized grain, in which the valence bands are completely occupied by electrons, have a possibility to exhibit high-temperature superconductivity.
Online since: March 2013
Authors: Adam Barylski
The number of trajectory intersections with the disk radius, was summed in each of the analysed ranges.
The number of trajectory intersections with the disk radius, was summed in each of the analysed ranges.
Introducing abrasive grains of different numbers (size) intensifies the material removal but it also affects the quality of the lapped surface.
The probability of breaking the grains up increases with the increase in the micrograin size, under the constant load and abrasive particles concentration.
In order to ensure the one-layer distribution of the large number micrograins it is necessary to reduce the abrasive particles concentration on the active surface of the lap and in turn abrasive particles crushed under the higher unit pressure and the material removal rate decreases.
The number of trajectory intersections with the disk radius, was summed in each of the analysed ranges.
Introducing abrasive grains of different numbers (size) intensifies the material removal but it also affects the quality of the lapped surface.
The probability of breaking the grains up increases with the increase in the micrograin size, under the constant load and abrasive particles concentration.
In order to ensure the one-layer distribution of the large number micrograins it is necessary to reduce the abrasive particles concentration on the active surface of the lap and in turn abrasive particles crushed under the higher unit pressure and the material removal rate decreases.
Online since: December 2009
Authors: Bijoy Mandal, Sujit Majumdar, Santanu Das, Simul Banerjee
Introduction
Grinding can be described as a multitooth operation in which a number of abrasive grains held by a
bonding material perform the cutting operation [1].
Some portion of this grinding energy is spent for chip formation, but most of the energy spent is consumed in sliding friction against dulled flattened abrasive grains and the work surface without removing any material.
Here the total number of treatment (N) is 8, number of central point (Cp) is 4 and number of variable (n) is 2.
Some portion of this grinding energy is spent for chip formation, but most of the energy spent is consumed in sliding friction against dulled flattened abrasive grains and the work surface without removing any material.
Here the total number of treatment (N) is 8, number of central point (Cp) is 4 and number of variable (n) is 2.
Online since: May 2020
Authors: Marina Palamarchuk, Anna Matskevich, Andrei Egorin, Mikhail V. Tutov, Eduard Tokar'
Introduction
Decontamination of spent ion-exchange resins (SIER) formed at the nuclear power plants (NPP) inevitably leads to using alkaline solutions to treat the surface and the bulk of resin’s grains to decompose the acid-insoluble silicates with the cesium ions being irreversibly bound by them [1, 2].
Cs-137 extraction from neutralized eluate was performed in dynamic conditions using a column filled with a TERMOXID-35 sorbent, which is a composite spherically-grained material based on nickel ferrocyanide applied onto hydrated zirconia (TERMOXID, Russia, TU 6200-305-123422660-98 (technical conditions)) [15].
%Sorption=(1-AiA0)×100 (1) %Desorption=1i(Vki×Aki)Ac×100 (2) where Ai – filtrate’s activity (Bq/mL), A0 – starting activity of the solution (Bq/mL), Aс – activity of RFR (Bq), Aк – activity of eluate (Bq/mL), Vk – eluate’s volume (mL), i – ordinal number of eluates fraction.
Cs-137 sorption efficiency from deactivating solution increases with the number of sorption cycles that is apparently related to gradual entering the operating mode by the resin.
Figure 5: Cs-137 uptake from alkaline solution in dynamic conditions; a – outlet sorption curves, b – outlet desorption curves, 1-6 – number of sorption cycle, С0 – starting activity of the solution (Bq/mL), С – filtrate’s activity (Bq/mL) Efficiency values of eluate’s decontamination after neutralization on TERMOXID-35 sorbent are given in Table 3.
Cs-137 extraction from neutralized eluate was performed in dynamic conditions using a column filled with a TERMOXID-35 sorbent, which is a composite spherically-grained material based on nickel ferrocyanide applied onto hydrated zirconia (TERMOXID, Russia, TU 6200-305-123422660-98 (technical conditions)) [15].
%Sorption=(1-AiA0)×100 (1) %Desorption=1i(Vki×Aki)Ac×100 (2) where Ai – filtrate’s activity (Bq/mL), A0 – starting activity of the solution (Bq/mL), Aс – activity of RFR (Bq), Aк – activity of eluate (Bq/mL), Vk – eluate’s volume (mL), i – ordinal number of eluates fraction.
Cs-137 sorption efficiency from deactivating solution increases with the number of sorption cycles that is apparently related to gradual entering the operating mode by the resin.
Figure 5: Cs-137 uptake from alkaline solution in dynamic conditions; a – outlet sorption curves, b – outlet desorption curves, 1-6 – number of sorption cycle, С0 – starting activity of the solution (Bq/mL), С – filtrate’s activity (Bq/mL) Efficiency values of eluate’s decontamination after neutralization on TERMOXID-35 sorbent are given in Table 3.
Online since: January 2012
Authors: Bruno C. De Cooman, Ernst Kozeschnik, Seong Ho Han, Jae Hyuk Jung
In table 1, the number in the square brackets indicates the atomic N/Al ratio.
The average ferrite grain size was 5.2 ± 0.06 mm, and the influence of the composition and the isothermal hold temperature on the grain size was not pronounced Numerical analysis of the IF spectra.
In order to resolve the Snoek spectra of Fe-Mn-N alloys into a number of Debye relaxation peaks, a three-dimensional arrangement of the Mn substitutional atoms was taken into account.
In this notation the number indicates the number of Mn atoms in the octahedral unit.
The average ferrite grain size was 5.2 ± 0.06 mm, and the influence of the composition and the isothermal hold temperature on the grain size was not pronounced Numerical analysis of the IF spectra.
In order to resolve the Snoek spectra of Fe-Mn-N alloys into a number of Debye relaxation peaks, a three-dimensional arrangement of the Mn substitutional atoms was taken into account.
In this notation the number indicates the number of Mn atoms in the octahedral unit.
Online since: May 2011
Authors: Kai Wang, Nan Nan Zhao, De Chao Wang, Yong Jie Yang
The energy of the acoustic emission events is relatively concentrative and the number of the acoustic emission events is less before and after the main damage; the acoustic emission events and their energy of limestone “break out” very suddenly and concentrative, almost no acoustic emission event occurs before and after
The number of acoustic emission events is still large and their energy rate is still higher at this time.
With further loading, coal gradually comes to the state of residual strength or deformation stage and the number of the acoustic emission events decreases gradually and their energy rate reduces gradually.
A large number of microscopic studies show that coal is a typical inhomogeneous material.
It consists of sand grains and fillings among the sand grains.
The number of acoustic emission events is still large and their energy rate is still higher at this time.
With further loading, coal gradually comes to the state of residual strength or deformation stage and the number of the acoustic emission events decreases gradually and their energy rate reduces gradually.
A large number of microscopic studies show that coal is a typical inhomogeneous material.
It consists of sand grains and fillings among the sand grains.
Online since: November 2012
Authors: Li Ming Lian, Fang Fang Yan
Because EDS can not respond to elements of atomic number less than10.
Fig.3 X-ray diffraction pattern of nickel-phosphorus composite Al2O3 deposits (a: room temperature b:300˚C c:50˚C d:400˚C ) It indicts that migratory ability of atoms is improved after heat treatment at 300˚C .The structure of the deposit is mixture of crystalline compound and amorphous compound .The coating has obvious crystallized at 350˚C and 400˚C , the coating has completely changed into equilibrium phase of Ni, Ni3P.The diffraction peak at 400˚C is more sharply than 350˚C .If the temperature increase further, grains will grow bigger.
Along with increasing of the heat treatment temperature, Ni3P phase grew at 450˚C , the number of electrochemical corrosion micro cells gradually drop off, which will help to improve corrosion resistance of coating.
Fig.3 X-ray diffraction pattern of nickel-phosphorus composite Al2O3 deposits (a: room temperature b:300˚C c:50˚C d:400˚C ) It indicts that migratory ability of atoms is improved after heat treatment at 300˚C .The structure of the deposit is mixture of crystalline compound and amorphous compound .The coating has obvious crystallized at 350˚C and 400˚C , the coating has completely changed into equilibrium phase of Ni, Ni3P.The diffraction peak at 400˚C is more sharply than 350˚C .If the temperature increase further, grains will grow bigger.
Along with increasing of the heat treatment temperature, Ni3P phase grew at 450˚C , the number of electrochemical corrosion micro cells gradually drop off, which will help to improve corrosion resistance of coating.
Online since: March 2012
Authors: Elżbieta Jezierska
Ordering of atoms occurs in a large number of alloys.
From the large angle convergent beam electron diffraction (LACBED) on polycrystal the continuity of lattice planes between neighbouring grains can be noticed.
The number of fringes depends mainly on the thickness of the illuminated zone and can be used to measure the specimen thickness.
From the large angle convergent beam electron diffraction (LACBED) on polycrystal the continuity of lattice planes between neighbouring grains can be noticed.
The number of fringes depends mainly on the thickness of the illuminated zone and can be used to measure the specimen thickness.
Online since: November 2010
Authors: Y. Iino
Results and Discussion
Fig. 3 shows the relation between number of fatigue cycle N and the fatigue crack length a and b.
It is seen from Fig. 4 (c) and (d) that the recrystallized grain size just at the crack in H2 is larger than that in pure air.
This means that APZ size with high accumulated plastic strain Fig. 3 Relation between number of cycle N and fatigue crack length on the notch root surface a and fatigue crack length on the side surface b.
It is seen from Fig. 4 (c) and (d) that the recrystallized grain size just at the crack in H2 is larger than that in pure air.
This means that APZ size with high accumulated plastic strain Fig. 3 Relation between number of cycle N and fatigue crack length on the notch root surface a and fatigue crack length on the side surface b.
Online since: February 2011
Authors: Wang Nian Zhang, Chang Hua Liu, Guo Dong Sun, Xue Fei Du, Ning Deng
In order to examine the parallelism of the method, use six samples material of A, B, C, D, E, F each time respectively, each sample takes 10g, take two types of different serial numbers each time, experiment six times each kind of samples respectively.
From fig.1 and table 3 .As a result of the grain size difference, causes the final rate of liveweight growth difference.
Experimental maximum deviation experiment’s degree 1 2 3 4 5 6 A maximum deviation 0.10 0.15 0.08 0.08 0.07 0.07 B maximum deviation 0.09 0.11 0.14 0.15 0.05 0.07 C maximum deviation 0.13 0.17 0.13 0.13 0.07 0.11 D maximum deviation 0.14 0.14 0.08 0.12 0.06 0.18 E maximum deviation 0.02 0.12 0.12 0.07 0.11 0.10 F maximum deviation 0.08 0.06 0.07 0.10 0.06 0.07 Table 3 Sample A, B, C, D, E, F final average weight gain Materal number 1 2 3 4 5 6 A 1.03 0.81 0.93 0.96 0.98 1.02 B 1.26 1.16 1.19 1.22 1.12 1.22 C 0.89 0.91 0.81 0.83 0.88 0.98 D 0.75 0.92 0.76 0.84 0.85 0.97 E 0.52 0.65 0.51 0.49 0.58 0.56 F 0.43 0.58 0.46 0.44 0.48 0.49 Table 4.
From fig.1 and table 3 .As a result of the grain size difference, causes the final rate of liveweight growth difference.
Experimental maximum deviation experiment’s degree 1 2 3 4 5 6 A maximum deviation 0.10 0.15 0.08 0.08 0.07 0.07 B maximum deviation 0.09 0.11 0.14 0.15 0.05 0.07 C maximum deviation 0.13 0.17 0.13 0.13 0.07 0.11 D maximum deviation 0.14 0.14 0.08 0.12 0.06 0.18 E maximum deviation 0.02 0.12 0.12 0.07 0.11 0.10 F maximum deviation 0.08 0.06 0.07 0.10 0.06 0.07 Table 3 Sample A, B, C, D, E, F final average weight gain Materal number 1 2 3 4 5 6 A 1.03 0.81 0.93 0.96 0.98 1.02 B 1.26 1.16 1.19 1.22 1.12 1.22 C 0.89 0.91 0.81 0.83 0.88 0.98 D 0.75 0.92 0.76 0.84 0.85 0.97 E 0.52 0.65 0.51 0.49 0.58 0.56 F 0.43 0.58 0.46 0.44 0.48 0.49 Table 4.