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The expansion operation can be used to eliminate some narrow region of the target region and eliminate grain noise within it.
To calculate the true parameters which represent the characteristics of fracture, the reference line whose length is known is used during photographing fracture image. suppose the actual length of reference line is c, the number of pixels in the image is n, then, the actual length of a pixel is c/n.
So, the number of 0 in the binary image equals to the total pixels of fracture, called N1, then, the actual area of fracture is Area1=N1 ( c/n)².
The number of whose value=1 in the binary image equals to the total pixels of fracture, called N2, then, the actual area of fracture is Area2=N2 ( c/n)².
If the number of pixel along length direction is m, then the distance between fracture equal up pixels minus down pixels, the actual width is ,however, the max width is the maximum of series{}.

We can clearly find that the pure PEO matrix and (PEO) 16LiClO4 polymer electrolyte system are dominated by crystal morphology—spherical crystal structure is obvious, the crystal shape rules, and the distribution is compact continuous with clear crystal grain boundary.
For pure PEO, the number of spherical crystal is relative much more, but the size is small.
Compared with pure PEO system, the spherical crystal number of (PEO) 16LiClO4 system is fewer, but the size become bigger.
PEO crystallization needs two stages: nucleation and crystal nucleon growth, whose energy was provided by the thermal motion of a large number of ordered polymer chains.
CeO2 nano-particles break the regular chain structure of PEO molecular, so that the total energy of thermal motion from a large number of chain segments will be reduced.

In the process of aluminum smelting, the melting consumption of about 4-16.2%, which can be divided into two parts, has been converted to an oxide slag, cannot be recovered, the metal involved in the slag beans, which can be recovered, the number of which is related to the melting temperature, operation and the type of furnace, when the factors is determined, it is depended on the state and properties of the slag[5-6].
Table 2 Slag effect of contrast Reagent number grain size content (g) d>3mm slag 1.0Table 3 Result analysis of orthogonal experiment program factor level number A B C experiment results Na2SiF6 KNO3 Na2AlF6 rate of pinhole Recover rate % Process Performance Rating Rating level Before refining After refining 1 1 1 1 2 3 3 3 3 3 1 1 2 1 2 3 2 1 2 1 2 3 1 1 1 1 1 3 A level A level A level A level A level A level A level A level A level A level A level A level A level A level A level A level A level A level 98.3 97.6 97.4 98.6 98.5 97.9 98.5 97.9 97.3 -23 -25 31 33 45 3 23 83 15 9 8 3 5 2 5 5 1 6 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 K1 K2 K3 15 81 97 26 56 89 100 41 29 K1= The sum of the data of number i K1 5 27 32.3 8.67 18.7 29.7 33.3 13.7 9.7 K1= Ki/3 K2 K3 R 27.3 21.03 23.6 R is the maximum difference of K1,K2,K3 Measurement of removing slag According to the amount of slag in the melted aluminum alloy, the amount of the metal in the slag is measured by washing method, to evaluate the effect
Table 4 The effect of removing slag Number Alloy trademark Alloy liquidweight (Kg) Temperature (℃) Amount (%) Sample volume (g) content of slag samples (g) the weight after washing (g) 1 ZL101 300 740 0.1 15 13.13 15.65 2 ZL101 300 740 0.1 15 10.11 16.23 3 ZL203 250 670 0.15 12 10.15 11.65 4 ZL203 250 670 0.15 12 8.45 13.01 Note: Traditional agent is added in Test 1 and 3, developed agent is added in Test 2 and 4 Conclusion In this study, traditional agent is improved, the adhesion between the slag is enhanced, which has a better effect to remove slag, in summary, the agent has the following advantages: The agent developed in the research can improve the recovery rate of the aluminum, which has a better effect; The agent can reduce consumption, which has a better economic efficiency, which is valuable of promotion and application; The gas released by the agent is analyzed, it contents hazardous gas slightly, meets the national standards and will not cause pollution.

Currently, the natural quartz has a massive application as seeds for the growing process of synthetic quartz, which generate crystals with reduced number of defects and better performance in applications [3].
The slice was diced to a parallelepiped shape by a dicing saw DISCO DAD 3350, using abrasive blade THERMOCARBON (model / code: 2.25M-10C-54R7-3, 2” diameter, 0,254 mm thickness and 54 µm grain sizes).
The tuning fork had a homogenous roughness and a reduced number of chipping in the edges.
Higher values of feed speed increase roughness (Ra and Rt) and number of cracks.
Alternatively it´s necessary to submit the specimen to a complete fatigue tests, finding the number of cycles it will have functional.

Here, the convergence criterion for the network is determined by the average root mean square (RMS) error between the desired and predicted output values, (1) whereis the average RMS, is the number of training or testing data, is the number of variables in the output, andare the target output and network output for neuron, respectively. 1% RMS error was set as the convergence criterion for flow stress prediction.
After repeated trials by changing the number of neurons in the hidden layer from 5 to 30, it was found that a network with one hidden layer consisting of 15 hidden neurons gives a minimum RMS error and thereby considered as the optimal configuration for the prediction of flow stress for 2124-T851 aluminum alloy.
The number of iteration is 16,800.
(3) (4) (5) whereis the experimental result andis the predicted value. and are the mean values ofand, respectively.is the total number of data employed in the investigation.
This is because low strain rates and high temperatures provide longer time for energy accumulation and higher mobilities at boundaries for the nucleation and growth of dynamically recrystallized grains and dislocation annihilation, and thus reduce the flow stress level.

There are two parameters, n and, used in MesoDyn simulations to describe the number of Gaussian beads and the interaction between beads. 2.1 MesoDyn Calculation Parameters.
To built the mesoscale model of the blends, we should set up the beads number, interaction between beads, running time, solve method and other parameters that related to the calculation.
To map the representative polymer chains onto Gaussian chains, the bead number (n) can be got by Eq.1: (1) where n is the number of the beads, Nmono is the chain length of monomer and C∞ is the characteristic ratio of monome.
Calculated by Eq.1, the beads number is 6 and 10.
The smallest elements in the simulation model change into beads after the coarse grain step.

A large number of small coherent Zn-Mg clusters are formed during natural aging in the Al-Mg-Zn alloys, which are transformed to the larger incoherent meta-stable precipitates during subsequent artificial aging.
The total number of counts in each spectrum was about 106.
The critical strain appears to be independent on the number density and the size of the T’-phase, while the type of precipitates seems to have a marked influence on the onset for serrated flow.
These changes in the mean positron lifetime illustrate that semi-coherent or incoherent precipitates are transformed from coherent solute clusters and the trapping site of positron changes from the vacancy in coherent cluster to the misfit dislocations or the grain boundary-type interface, as reported [11].
A large number of small coherent Zn-Mg clusters are formed during natural aging for the Al-Mg-Zn alloys, which are transformed to the larger incoherent meta-stable precipitates during subsequent artificial aging. 3.

Shorter distance produces higher heat input and causes the material stringers to melted with the filler, while longer distance increases the number of porosity and prevents the formation of a complete fusion zone.
Torch distance porosity diameter n (number of porosity) weld area (mm2) porosity/ mm2 image measurement 18 0.063 147 60 3.35 0.124 41 0.231 13 Total 201 27 0.062 240 37 7.40 0.13 29 0.254 5 Total 274 36 0.049 260 39 7.69 0.126 37 0.273 3 Total 300 Duan, et al [15] reported several factors that may cause porosity defects during the welding process.
Also, a large number of porosity defects in the welded T-joint (Fig. 3) and small dimples on the fracture surfaces (Fig. 4) were observed.
This phenomenon is due to the partial melting of the grain boundaries, and the diffusion of alloying elements from solid phase to liquid phase during the welding process.

The cyclic number at which the applied load drops to 30% of its starting value was considered as fatigue life, Nf.
If the number of cycles to initiate a crack of length ao is N1 and the number of cycles to propagate the crack to a critical crack size af is N2, the number of cycles to failure Nf can be represented by Nf=N1+N2 (1) The curve of maximum tensile stress versus cyclic number N is shown in Fig. 2.
When the total strain amplitude is as high as ±1.5%, a definite saturation stress is observed after slow cyclic hardening during the first several cycles Fig. 2 Cyclic stress behavior as a function of the number of cycles N Effects of Test Temperature.
Unlike the results observed in superalloys where the reduction of fatigue life is caused by oxygen embrittlement of the grain boundaries [11, 12], the environmental effect on the fatigue life is little in Ti60 alloy because of its transgranular crack initiation and propagation mode.

A sensor node might vary in size from that of a shoebox down to the size of a grain of dust, although functioning "motes" of genuine microscopic dimensions have yet to be created.
Although some multi-core processors, such as Intel’s Core Duo, allow measuring the number of cache lines allocated to each co-runner, they provide no mechanism to enforce fair cache sharing.
The expression for is: (2) L2MissPI denotes the number of cache misses per instruction; L2CopyBackPI represents the number of transactions (per instruction) writing dirty cache lines back to memory; MemoryLatency equals memory access time required to fetch a cache line and memory-bus delay per memory transaction.
StoreBuffLatencyPI presents the number of cycles per instruction a processor latency on a store buffer Now, we can calculate the, where and can get from performance hardware counters.
The relationship between the co-runners’ miss rates for a processor with n+1 cores is presented by equation (5) (5) Where is a thread for which we compute the fair miss rate, is the ith co-runner, is the number of co-runners, and a and b are the linear equation coefficients.