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Table 2 Thermal behavior data of composite foams.
The addition of modified coconut fibres decreased the crystallisation state by around 1-3 °C, resulting in easier crystallisation reduction.
The incorporation of coconut fibres at the highest 20% content level resulted in reduction of glass transition temperature of the composite foams.
Plain PLA showed homogeneity, whereas Figs. 1(a) and 2(e) showed the reduction of the smooth surface of the matrix with addition of natural rubber [17].

Figure 1: P-I diagrams for the panel obtained from the SDOF model, plastic beam approach, and FE analysis for two different damage levels Data points obtained from the different approaches show that the SDOF model often produced conservative P-I points, especially in the dynamic regime of response.
The value of peak pressure acting at the end of a panel was obtained by applying a reduction factor (η) to the maximum peak pressure value of the mid-span.
The reduction factor can be obtained depending on the maximum incident angle and the incident pressure value at the end of the panel.
To demonstrate the effect of non-uniform pressure distribution on the P-I diagram as shown in Fig. 3, a reduction factor of 0.75 was applied to the mid-span peak pressure to obtain the peak pressure at the end of the panel.

Based on DTA measurement in glass transition range Tg and Tg', the beginning and ending temperatures of glass transition, the viscosity can be simulated from DTA data from C.
With increasing alkali, the decrease of intensities of peaks A, B and C is a direct indication of an overall reduction in the number of corner-shared structural units: TBP-TP-TBP, polyhedtaTBP-TP and their combinations.
The observed frequency shift to higher energy with a corresponding reduction in the number of density of vibrational states under peak A is a direct measure of the reduction in the overall connectivity of structural units, which further supports the evidence for the preponderance of TeO3+δ and TeO3 structures with the increasing concentrations of alkali ions.

However, jet impact angle does not significantly affect the smooth depth of cut, but results in a marked improvement (up to 50% reduction) in the surface roughness when it is increased from 50° to 70°.
Analyzing the experimental data has revealed that nozzle oscillation could in fact increase or decrease the cutting performance such as total depth and smooth depth of cut.
In the worst cases, improper use of nozzle oscillation has resulted in about 37% reduction in the smooth depth of cut.
This adverse effect was also noticed on the total depth of cut, up to 7% reduction for the small number of cases that the experiment could produce for comparison.

H is gotten through the net radiation from a single energy balance approach [7], as: (2) Where Bn is Bowen ratio given as 0.2 for tropical region [14], and Q* is the net radiation obtained from: (3) where K* is net short wave radiation, L+ and L- comprises the incoming and outgoing long wave radiation, The net short wave radiation was deduced from: ) (4) is the incoming solar radiation with clear skies, a1 and a2 are 990 W/m2 and -30W/m2 respectively, is the reduction factor that gives the interception of solar radiation by clouds, b1 and b2 are 0.75 and 3.4 respectively, while (1-r) is the reduction factor caused due to the reflection of incoming solar radiation by the surface, r is the reflection factor of albedo (r is 0.23 vegetated surface) [1].
However, after 16.00h solar radiant intensity dropped, which led to reduction in MH.
P., A Simple Scheme for Daytime Estimate of the Surface Fluxes from Routine Weather Data, Journal of Climate and Applied Meteorology 22(4), 1983, 517 – 529

Fig.(1) Sketch of the component part of the experimental rig Mechanical Characteristics Determination When the engine reach thermal equilibrium, the required data are recorded, also the emission parameters (CO, CO2, HC and NOx) are recorded too, then engine performance are determined as the following [7].
The increase in the ratio of LPG blending more than 20% led to reduce the thermal efficiency due to reduction in the volumetric efficiency as the density of LPG fuel is low.
Fig. 5 shows the reduction of CO2 as the increase in LPG blending ratio.
LPG fuel blending duration improves engine efficiency and gives maximum reduction in specific fuel consumption at a blending ratio about 20%. 3.

The purpose of this paper is to provide original data on the effect of different degrees of colddrawing deformation on residual stresses.
In this case, three samples corresponding to intermediate drawing steps are studied: • Sample T1: one drawing pass, 10.54 mm diameter, 23% section reduction, true strain 0.3 • Sample T4: four drawing passes, 7.46 mm diameter, 61% section reduction, true strain 1.0 • Sample T8: eight drawing passes, 5.24 mm diameter, 81% section reduction, true strain 1.7 True strain is calculated as 2ln(Φ0/ Φf), where Φ0 and Φf are the initial and final diameters, respectively.

Tempering induces the precipitation of carbides from the supersaturated solid solutions (transition and/or stable carbides), and reduction of micro-stresses in the martensite matrix and thereby prevent cracking.
It may also cause factory shutdowns, as a result damage of products, reduction in effciency, additional maintenance which exposes the industrial to additional costs.
Based on the G 102-89(2015)e1 standard and by using the output data from the abovementioned measurements the corrosion rate was calculated.
This situation may would suggest that improved corrosion resistance of SZT steel compared to CHT one appears counterintuitive with regard to reduction of retained austenite.

Introduction Material consumption reduction of building structures is an important step towards a real saving material and energy resources, environmental pressure reduction associated with their direct production, as well as obtaining binders used for them.
Common to both approaches to material consumption reduction is the need to increase the material strength used for compensation of the decreasing effective cross section of the structures.
The pozzolanic activity value of mineral additives Additive type Absorption activity, Ca(OH)2 [mg/g] Flask* 108.1 Tripoli* 66.2 Quartzitic sandstone crushing waste (QSCW) 29 Concrete crushing waste (CCW) 80.6 Crushed ceramic brick (CCB) 102.3 Ground sand (GS) 22.3 * data are given for comparison Discussion As a working hypothesis, the thesis was adopted, according to which the structure, density and strength of the gas concrete produced, apart from standard prescription-technological factors, are greatly influenced by the interaction in the system: mineral additive — byproducts of the gassing reaction — gypsum.

Results and Discussions The microimages of the contact surface of the amorphous Fe70Cr15B15 ribbons obtained at cooling roller velocities of 20, 30 and 45 m/s were selected for the test analysis since according to the data of XRD these alloys are X-ray amorphous.
The fractal dimension is greater than 2 for the contact surface and the free surface of the Fe70Cr15B15 ribbons (Fig. 2b) obtained at the spinning conditions of 20 and 45 m/s demonstrates that the main contribution to dimension makes the distribution of ordered spatial inhomogeneities, whereas the reduction of the fractal dimension (less than 2) on the free surface of the Fe70Cr15B15 ribbon obtained at 30 m/s is explained by the main contribution to the mode distribution of a randomized hierarchical system of mesodefects, which competes with an ordered inhomogeneities system.
The reason for the reduction of fractal dimension is most likely the competition of the structure ordering of spatial inhomogeneities.
On the other hand, the reduction of fractal dimension for the free surface of the Fe70Cr15B15 ribbon obtained at 30 m/s indicates a high degree of fractal compression, which can be interpreted by a dimensional condensation is a result of maximal using topological possibilities of the mesodefect system.